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Topic: Normal force

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	Normal Force (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		* The normal force on a body is generally associated with the force that the surface of one body exerts on the surface of another body in the absence of any frictional forces between the two surfaces.
		A surface will not exert a normal force on an object in contact with it unless some other external force pushes the object into the surface.
		The surface deforms imperceptibly and produces a reaction force equal to the force pressing the object into the surface.
	www.ac.wwu.edu /~vawter/PhysicsNet/Topics/Dynamics/Forces/Normal.html (171 words)

	The Physics Classroom
		The force of gravity (also known as weight) acts in a downward direction; yet the normal force acts in a direction perpendicular to the surface (in fact, normal means "perpendicular").
		The perpendicular component of the force of gravity is directed opposite the normal force and as such balances the normal force; the parallel component of the force of gravity is not balanced by any other force.
		The force of gravity is 1000 N and the components of this force are F-parallel = 500 N (1000 Nsin 30 degrees) and F-perpendicular=866 N (1000 Ncos30 degrees).
	www.physicsclassroom.com /Class/vectors/U3L3e.html (2230 words)

	PowerPedia:Force - PESWiki (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Force is a vector quantity defined as the rate of change of the momentum of the body that would be induced by that force acting alone.
		The SI unit of force is the newton, while the English unit of force is the pound-force.
		Conservative forces are equivalent to the gradient of a potential, and include gravity, electromagnetic force, and spring force.
	peswiki.com /index.php/PowerPedia:Force (2324 words)

	Forces and motion
		For an object on an inclined plane, the normal force is perpendicular to the plane.
		The normal force on the object is perpendicular to the plane angling upward.
		It is that force of the earth on the horse that you use to calculate the acceleration.
	instruct.tri-c.edu /fgram/web/newton.htm (1718 words)

	What About The Force?
		Normal forces - these are the reaction forces that result from contact between two objects.
		Normal forces are always directed perpendicularly away from the surface which exerts the normal force.
		Tension - this reaction force is the force of a string or rope on an object to which the string or rope is attached.
	dept.physics.upenn.edu /courses/gladney/mathphys/subsection2_1_3.html (1496 words)

	The Physics Classroom
		Forces may be placed into two broad categories, based on whether the force resulted from the contact or non-contact of the two interacting objects.
		The friction force is the force exerted by a surface as an object moves across it or makes an effort to move across it.
		The spring force is the force exerted by a compressed or stretched spring upon any object which is attached to it.
	www.physicsclassroom.com /Class/newtlaws/u2l2b.html (1027 words)

	Force
		Friction is typically characterized by a coefficient of friction which is the ratio of the frictional resistance force to the normal force which presses the surfaces together.
		This force which will affect frictional resistance is the component of applied force which acts perpendicular or "normal" to the surfaces which are in contact and is typically referred to as the normal force.
		In many common situations, the normal force is just the weight of the object which is sitting on some surface, but if an object is on an incline or has components of applied force perpendicular to the surface, then it is not equal to the weight.
	hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu /hbase/frict.html (734 words)

	SparkNotes: Applying Newton's Three Laws: The Normal Force
		Newton's third law predicts that this force on the platform must be accompanied with an equal and opposite force applied to the man by the platform.
		Thus, in the situation of a horizontal object, the normal force is simple: it is merely equal in magnitude and opposite in direction to all forces applied to the surface.
		The normal force thus has equal magnitude and opposite direction of the component of the gravitational force that is perpendicular to the inclined plane.
	www.sparknotes.com /physics/dynamics/newtonapplications/section1.html (610 words)

	FORCE AND MOTION - II - Title (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Experiments have shown that the force of static friction is largely independent of the area of contact and proportional to the normal force N acting between the block and the surface.
		Forces acting on block A and C. When block C is removed the static friction force is changed (since the normal force is changed).
		The force that tends to reduce the velocity of objects moving through air is very similar to the friction force; this force is called the drag force.
	teacher.pas.rochester.edu /phy121/LectureNotes/Chapter06/Chapter6.html (3298 words)

	Normal
		For example, if there is a crate on the floor, then we say that the crate experiences a normal force exerted by the floor; and because of this force, the crate does not fall into the floor.
		The normal force is always perpendicular to the surface with which a body is in contact.
		For a body on a sloping surface (say a ramp) the normal force acting on that body is still perpendicular to the slope.
	www.physics.uoguelph.ca /tutorials/fbd/FBD3.htm (151 words)

	Newton's Laws of Motion II
		The force that a surface exerts on an object.
		The normal force is always perpendicular to the surface that the object is in contact with.
		Frictional force from sliding always opposes the motion and is always perpendicular to the normal force..
	webphysics.iupui.edu /152/152F00/152Basics/newton/newton2.html (692 words)

	Air resistance (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The drag force produced by the motion through water is the most important force in swimming as well and can be understood using the same ideas and formulas [that is why we use the word "fluid" below, which can be a gas or a liquid].
		Oddly, while the viscous force is a very important force in determining the motion of flowing air molecules near a solid surface, it is relatively unimportant in directly producing a force on solid objects.
		This is what happens in the drag force: the pressure in front of a moving object is somewhat greater than the pressure behind the object and the difference produces a net force that opposes the motion of the object through the air.
	carini.physics.indiana.edu /E105/drag-force.html (1526 words)

	Fizzics Fizzle: Intermediate: Mechanics: Force and Equilibrium
		For a level surface, the magnitude of the normal force is equal to the magnitude of the weight force, except that it acts in the opposite direction.
		The magnitude of the normal force is equal to the magnitude of the component of the weight force perpendicular to the slanted surface.
		Friction is a force that acts parallel to the surfaces in contact, and it turns out that it is determined by the normal force.
	library.thinkquest.org /16600/intermediate/force.shtml (1025 words)

	Physics: normal force
		But all the texts and websites Iâve looked at show a ânormal forceâ imposed by the plane on the object which is not upward but, rather, perpendicular to the plane, and thus at an angle (other than 180 degrees!) to the downward force imposed on the plane.
		You correctly note that the weight force W is operating on the block, as is the normal force N. But also note what happens when we break W into two components.
		It is that portion of the force that the normal force "reacts" to, exactly cancelling Wsin(o), and thus preventing the block from going through the inclined plane.
	en.allexperts.com /q/Physics-1358/normal-force-1.htm (367 words)

	Workshops -- Science in Focus: Force and Motion
		The normal force is simply the reaction to a force pushing on an object.
		For a ball resting on a table, the normal force would be equal and opposite to the weight of the ball.
		If the table were tilted, the normal force would still be perpendicular to the table, but it would become smaller.
	www.learner.org /channel/workshops/force/workshop8/highlights.html (331 words)

	Chapter 4 - Forces
		A force that causes an object with a mass of 1 kg to accelerate at 1 m/s is equivalent to 1 Newton.
		The normal force would be applied on a ball on a table, but not on a ball in the air, for instance.
		is the force of friction in N, is the coefficient of friction, and
	library.thinkquest.org /10796/ch4/ch4.htm (828 words)

	Reading - Force Diagrams
		When we label forces, we want to indicate the type of interaction between the objects, what object the force is acting on and what object the force is by.
		The normal force is perpendicular to the road/tire surface and the friction force is parallel to the road/tire surface.
		For the forces to be balanced, Fg parallel must be equal in size to Ffriction and Fg perpendicular must be equal in size to Fnormal, as indicated by the hash marks.
	www.jburroughs.org /science/mschober/freeparticle/forcediagrams.htm (1109 words)

	Other force types
		As the name suggest, this contact force is normal to the common tangent drawn between two surfaces.
		Incidentally, the maximum force of friction, also known as limiting friction, is related to the normal force at the surface.
		The negative sign is inserted to accomodate the fact that force exerted by spring is opposite to the direction of change in the length of spring.
	cnx.org /content/m14045/latest (1051 words)

	Aerospaceweb.org \| Ask Us - Lift & Drag vs. Normal & Axial Force
		Normal force and axial force are related quantities measured using a different reference system.
		The lift force is defined as being perpendicular to the velocity vector while drag is defined as being parallel to it.
		Similar to lift and drag, normal force and axial force are defined as being perpendicular and parallel to the chord line, respectively.
	www.aerospaceweb.org /question/aerodynamics/q0194.shtml (1332 words)

	Types of forces (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Weight is unique among the forces we will think about in that it does not involve contact between the two objects (the center of the earth and the center of mass of the object do not touch) and it is always present.
		The normal force does not have a fixed strength; however, in the commonly-encountered situations with ay=0 mentioned above, if the only forces acting vertically are gravity and the normal force, then the strength of the normal force must equal the weight of the object according to Newton's second law.
		Now we know where the force must come from: the normal force of the floor on the athlete's shoes must be strong enough to both overcome gravity and accelerate the athlete upward.
	carini.physics.indiana.edu /E105/forces-1.html (1179 words)

	Normal Force
		A tension force Ft has to be applied to overcome the amount of friction force Ff.
		In most cases a normal force is available (disk breaks, surface friction, clutches etc.).
		Therefore all models in the 20-sim friction library are described with a normal force input.
	www.20sim.com /webhelp4/library/iconic_diagrams/Mechanical/Friction/NormalForce.htm (103 words)

	Net Force Problems Revisited
		We have also discussed in an earlier unit that the acceleration of an object is related to the net force acting upon the object and the mass of the object (Newton's second law).
		Now consider the following situation in which a force analysis must be conducted to fill in all the blanks and to determine the net force and acceleration.
		Glen suggests that the normal force is 50 N; Olive suggests that the normal force in the diagram is 75 N; and Warren suggests that the normal force is 100 N. While all three answers may seem reasonable, only one is correct.
	www.glenbrook.k12.il.us /gbssci/phys/Class/vectors/u3l3d.html (1081 words)

	Assorted forces, and applying Newton's laws
		Because the gravitational force you experience on the Earth is different from that you'd experience on the Moon or in orbit, your weight would be different even though your mass remains constant.
		The normal force is just one component of the contact force between objects, the other component being the frictional force.
		In many cases the normal force is simply equal to the weight of an object, but that's because in many cases the normal force is the only thing counter-acting the weight...that is not always the case, however, and one should always be careful to calculate
	physics.bu.edu /~duffy/py105/Forces.html (1054 words)

	Types of Forces
		Previously in this lesson, a variety of force types were placed into two broad category headings on the basis of whether the force resulted from the contact or non-contact of the two interacting objects.
		The force of gravity is the force at which the earth, moon, or other massively large object attracts another object towards itself.
		An object which compresses or stretches a spring is always acted upon by a force which restores the object to its rest or equilibrium position.
	www.glenbrook.k12.il.us /gbssci/phys/Class/newtlaws/u2l2b.html (1110 words)

	Maintaining Normal Force in Electrical Connections
		These are both inputs to what is defined as “normal force”: the clamping pressure needed to drop resistance to a value low enough to provide a conductive, stable joint.
		As the bolted connection is assembled, pressure (force) is exerted on the connector mating surfaces.
		In aluminum to copper connections the applied force is sufficient to embed the copper connector in the softer aluminum lug.
	www.mt-online.com /articles/0603cook.cfm (707 words)

	Force
		The frictional force is proportional to the normal force.
		Part of the standard model of surface friction is the assumption that the frictional resistance force between two surfaces is proportional to the normal force pressing them together.
		The same normal force is exerted, but the traction (friction) is greater with the wider tire since it doesn't pack the snow as much.
	hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu /hbase/frict3.html (543 words)

	Physics 128 Lecture: Weight and Normal Force
		This force is caused by the table and is known as the Normal force.
		The normal force arises from the repulsive forces between the atoms at the surface of the book and the atoms at the surface of the table.
		The normal force is perpendicular to the surface that causes it.
	www.cord.edu /dept/physics/p128/lecture98_9.html (987 words)

	Introduction to Free Body Diagrams
		The normal force is always perpendicular to the surface with which a body is in constact.
		Whereas the normal force was perpendicular to the surface, the frictional force is parallel.
		Friction is usually approximated as being proportional to the normal force.
	eta.physics.uoguelph.ca /tutorials/fbd/intro.html (852 words)

	Lab on Surface Friction
		Read the force of pull for five values of mass (0 to 1 kg in increments of 0.2 kg) placed in the box.
		In the experiment you just completed, the weight of the box was equal to normal force of the table on the box, and the horizontal pull was equal to the friction force.
		Pull the box with the spring scale at constant velocity, exerting the force at an angle of 30° to the horizontal.
	www.phy.duke.edu /~kolena/physics/labs/a7sfrict.htm (959 words)

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