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Topic: Normal lens

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	DSLR Lens 101
		A normal lens renders front to back spacing between objects such that depth perception appears to be the same as that observed by the unaided human eye.
		The focal length of a lens is determined primarily by the curvature of its surfaces.
		The greater the curvature, the thicker the lens, and the shorter the focal length is.
	www.rags-int-inc.com /PhotoTechStuff/Lens101 (5957 words)

	Encyclopedia: Lens (optics) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		If the lens is biconvex or plano-convex, a collimated or parallel beam of light passing along the lens axis and through the lens will be converged (or focused) to a spot on the axis, at a certain distance behind the lens (known as the focal length).
		The beam after passing through the lens appears to be emanating from a particular point on the axis in front of the lens; the distance from this point to the lens is also known as the focal length, although it is negative with respect to the focal length of a converging lens.
		where n is the refractive index of the lens material, n' is the refractive index of the place which the lens is in and d is the distance along the lens axis between the two surfaces (known as the thickness of the lens).
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Lens-(optics) (3927 words)

	Normal Lens (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The normal human crystalline lens occupies the space in the posterior chamber behind the iris and pupil (#15083, #21996, #15067).
		The lens itself is surrounded by a thick lens capsule which is the basement membrane of the lens epithelial cells.
		The lens nucleus and cortex are often difficult to distinguish on histopathologic examination.
	insight.med.utah.edu /opatharch/lens/normal_lens.htm (133 words)

	Telephoto lens - Encyclopedia.WorldSearch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		In photography and cinematography, a telephoto lens is a lens where the focal length is significantly longer than the focal length of a normal lens.
		For a 35 mm camera with a 36 mm by 24 mm format, the normal lens is 50 mm and a lens of focal length 70 mm or more is considered telephoto.
		On the 6 x 6 cm format (on 120 film) the normal lens is 80 mm, focal length above 100 mm are considered telephoto.
	encyclopedia.worldsearch.com /telephoto_lens.htm (245 words)

	Telephoto lens - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In photography and cinematography, a telephoto lens is a lens whose focal length is significantly longer than the focal length of a normal lens.
		For a 35 mm camera with a 36 mm by 24 mm format, the normal lens is 50 mm and a lens of focal length 70 mm or more is considered telephoto.
		A lens with a conventional design and a focal length longer than a normal lens should properly be referred to as long focus.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Telephoto_lens (259 words)

	Photographic lens - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A photographic lens (or more correctly, objective) is an integrated system comprising one or more simple optical lens elements, used for an optical telescope, camera or microscope.
		The lens elements are made of a transparent material.
		Normal lens (with a focal length about the same as the diagonal of the frame—give or take 20 or 25%)
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Objective_lens (749 words)

	Lens Luxation
		The lens of the eye is the clear structure which focuses the image onto the retina.
		The lens is normally held in position by small fibers called zonules, or the suspensory ligaments.
		When lens luxation occurs secondarily to glaucoma, it usually occurs late in the disease once the elevated pressure within the eye has caused the sclera to stretch, and the zonular ligaments to tear.
	www.eyevet.info /luxlens.html (1314 words)

	Lens selection
		For example, a normal lens for a 35 mm camera is about 50 mm, and many zoom-equipped cameras have lenses that cover a range from, say, 28 mm to 70 mm.
		A macro lens may have a focal length of, say, 60 mm or 105 mm, but is differentiated from other lenses in these focal lengths by its ability to extend out a longer distance to permit focusing only a few inches from the subject.
		A 55 mm or 60 mm macro lens may be used as a normal lens, and a 200 mm macro lens may be used as a telephoto lens, but their ability to focus extremely closely allows macro lenses to capture images of tiny objects in frame-filling, larger-than-life sizes.
	www.photographytips.com /page.cfm/468 (1977 words)

	Wide-angle lens - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In photography and cinematography, a wide-angle lens is a lens whose focal length is shorter than the focal length of a normal lens.
		For a 35 mm camera with a 24 by 36 mm format, the normal lens is 50 mm.
		A lens of focal length 35 mm or less is considered wide-angle.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Wide-angle_lens (171 words)

	Focal Length of a Camera Lens
		A normal lens is one that covers the film with a field of view that corresponds approximately to that of normal vision.
		The focal length of a camera lens is displayed on the barrel of the lens along with the measurement of the largest aperture and the maker.
		The focal length of a normal lens for a 35 mm SLR camera is approximately 50 mm.
	hypertextbook.com /facts/2002/MiriamJanove.shtml (568 words)

	Chapter 5. Understanding Lenses
		The primary function of a lens is to gather light reflecting from a scene and focus that light as sharply as possible onto the image sensor in the camera.
		A "normal lens" for a 35mm camera usually refers to a lens with a 50mm focal length.
		A lens’ maximum aperture is determined by dividing the actual diameter of the aperture opening into the focal length of the lens.
	www.shortcourses.com /using/lenses/chapter5.htm (2513 words)

	Camera Lens
		With a full-frame digital SLR or 35mm film, a wide angle lens is generally considered anything with a focal length of 35mm or less.
		A "normal" or "standard" camera lens is one that produces prints with no apparent wide angle or telephoto distortion.
		Two things to be aware of are (a) macro lenses aren't as fast as non-macro normal lenses, and (b) because so much of the focus ring is taken up to focus at macro distances, there's not much rotation left to focus at non-macro distances.
	www.photo.net /making-photographs/lens (2461 words)

	10. Lenses
		Since a short lens includes a wide sweep of the scene, all of the objects in the scene are reduced to fit onto the image sensor.
		When the focal length of a lens is close to the diagonal measurement of the film format, the lens is said to be "normal" or close to the magnification of the human eye.
		The 50mm lens has become the normal lens because there is some latitude in characterizing a lens as normal and it's more a range than an exact number.
	www.shortcourses.com /choosing/lenses/10.htm (2962 words)

	a normal lens
		I've bought a Nikon 20mm f2.8 manual lens (said to be optically the same as the current Nikon autofocus lens and still available in some markets new, but discontinued in the UK).
		Because of their mount designs and, critically, their intended lens to body distances, it is possible to fit a wide range of older lenses to an Olymus 4/3rds camera and in the other direction it is possible to fit Nikon lenses to a wide range of cameras.
		Now, at f16 I can't focus through the lens using this Nikkor on the E1, but because it is a 20mm it only behaves like a normal lens in terms of field of view.
	www.auspiciousdragon.net /E1blog/anormallens.html (863 words)

	Normal Lenses For Nikon 'F' Mount
		The lens is so short that the focusing and aperture rings are closely adjacent and thus need to be very narrow.
		Residual optical aberrations lend a softness to the corners until the lens is stopped down to f/4-f/5.6, at which point it becomes a capable performer in terms of sharpness.
		Unusual for a normal lens, field curvature is readily apparent and focusing it closer exacerbates the situation.
	www.naturfotograf.com /lens_norm.html (1876 words)

	(meteorobs) Normal lens (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		A normal lens for a 35mm camera is accepted at 50mm.
		What determines what sized lens is normal for any given format is roughly based on the diagonal dimension of the film used.
		It's often rounded off to a convenient number, but the lens size is very close to the diagonal film measurement in all cases...if it's to be considered the normal lens.
	www.meteorobs.org /maillist/msg04006.html (340 words)

	The Camera Lens
		We use a lens to allow the camera to have a LARGE opening to let in a lot of light and still have a sharp focus for the image.
		Thus the amount of light from a 50mm lens at f2 is the same as a 200 mm lens at f2.
		For a normal lens the depth is visibly less at f-2 than it is at f-16.
	www.scphoto.com /html/lens.html (799 words)

	Sony Global - CX-NEWS Vol.34 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		full-circle lens, and is releasing as commercial products both a camera module that uses a 380K-pixel, 30 fps CCD that outputs a ring-shaped image as a composite video signal as well as a high-resolution camera module that uses a 1.28 MP, 7.5 fps CCD with a built-in panorama expansion processing function.
		The image of all the surroundings is reflected twice on two reflective surfaces (formed by vapor deposition of aluminum), one in the lower part of the lens and the other at the top and the image is formed in a ring shape on the CCD.
		» This lens design logically results in a depth of field (the range of distances in which objects are in focus) from 0 to infinity.
	www.sony.net /Products/SC-HP/cx_news/vol34/featuring2.html (933 words)

	Photography: Lens Types
		The long lens compresses apparent distances (near-to-far appears shorter than it is), and they have proportionally less depth of field than normal (again, at a given ƒ-stop and distance).
		The Nikon 60mm Micro, a lens commonly used in forensic and scientific photography, has a minimum focusing distance of 8 3/4 inches, compared to 1.5 feet for their 50mm standard lens, and 3 feet for their 105mm lens.
		Due to the very nature of zoom lenses, with one lens doing the work of several, the case can be made that zooms are inherently of a lesser quality than a fixed-length lens, but advances in both design and manufacturing have made this argument less substantial.
	finearts.fontbonne.edu /tech/photo/camera/lenses.html (534 words)

	What is an anamorphic lens?
		The anamorphic lens was first developed in the film industry when they wanted to use standard 35mm film to record images in widescreen format.
		Normally when a 16:9 source is displayed on the HT1000 it uses 576 lines instead of the full 768 lines.
		By affixing an anamorphic lens to the projector in front of its normal lens, the image is optically undistorted as it passes through the anamorphic lens, so it comes out looking like a natural widescreen 16:9 image.
	www.projectorcentral.com /anamorphic_lenses.htm (1139 words)

	ShutterFreaks Lens Selection and Use
		Lens magnification is calculated relative to the “normal“ 50mm lens.
		A 400mm lens is about 8 times the focal length of the 50mm lens and has a field of view about 1/8th its width, or about 5 degrees.
		Lens opening, or f/stop, determines how large an opening is available for the light to pass through onto the sensor.
	www.shutterfreaks.com /Tips/LensSelection.html (1844 words)

	Lens
		The crystalline lens is a biconvex cellular optical organ which is suspended from the ciliary body by zonules.
		Subluxation of the lens (movement of the lens behind the iris plane) is common, which may cause secondary glaucoma.
		Fluid is absorbed into the lens from the aqueous humor forming vacuoles within lens cells and causing separation of the lens fibers by fluid.
	www.nova.edu /~kimreed/LENS.html (1699 words)

	Perspective and the Normal Lens (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		That is if the camera shoots a scene with a certain lens, it must be viewed with an enlargement the same ratio of image size to distance of viewer as it was photographed.
		Early in photography it was decided that a focal length equal to the diagonal of the image formed on the film was "normal".
		That gives us a 50-mm lens for 35-mm stills, 75-mm lens for 2-1/4 square, 150 mm for 4 x 5 etc. That was well and good if the same size print shot with a normal lens was always viewed at the same distance.
	www.rondexter.com /library/perspective_and_normal.htm (770 words)

	Lens Aging
		To study the changes in density and thickness in normal lenses related to aging, and to study changes in anterior chamber depth related to aging.
		The images were digitized and linear densitometry was performed, dividing the lens into five areas: posterior capsular (area 1), posterior cortical (area 2), nuclear (area 3), anterior cortical (area 4), and anterior capsular (area 5).
		Total lens thickness and anterior chamber depth were similarly measured for 90 normal eyes from the densitometry profiles.
	bigwww.epfl.ch /publications/kashima9302.html (354 words)

	Angeles Vision Clinic: Cataracts
		The lens capsule is carefully cleaned and polished (3), providing a natural location for the new lens (the intraocular lens) that will be inserted into the eye to correct vision (4).
		The lens is flexible and actually fits through the tiny initial incision, opening inside the eye into the "skin" of the natural lens.
		The lens is enclosed by the third structure termed the capsule which is almost like a "plastic" wrap around the lens.
	www.avclinic.com /Cataract.htm (2270 words)

	Normal lens -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		In still (The act of taking and printing photographs) photography, a normal lens is a (A transparent optical device used to converge or diverge transmitted light and to form images) lens whose (The distance from a lens to its focus) focal length is roughly equivalent to the diagonal of the image projected within the camera.
		Standard normal lenses for various (Click link for more info and facts about film format) film formats for photography are:
		See also: (The angle included by a photographic lens) angle of view, (Click link for more info and facts about photographic lens) photographic lens.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/n/no/normal_lens.htm (228 words)

	Choosing a normal lens (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Ideally, I would like the lens to be a good addition to the 24 and 105 lenses as well as a good stand-alone lens.
		a lens performs (optically) better when stopped down; thus, an f/1.4 lens may be better at f/2.8 than an f/2.8 lens, because the latter would be used at its maximum aperture.
		And although I have the 24-50 for versatility, I found that the normal lens I would buy, would still have to be versatile as well.
	home.wanadoo.nl /pmj/normal_lens.html (962 words)

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