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Topic: Normal profit

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	normal profit - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Profit, in business, the monetary difference between the cost of producing and marketing goods or services and the price subsequently received for...
		The social profit from a firm's activities is the normal profit plus or minus any externalities that occur in its activity.
		In economics supernormal profit, also called economic rent, abnormal profit or pure profit or excess profits, is a profit exceeding the normal profit
	ca.encarta.msn.com /normal_profit.html (189 words)

	ii-03
		At that point, the total industry profit is at an absolute maximum, in the sense that any other price, either higher or lower, would mean less profit to divide among themselves.
		A normal profit is also one that, in the absence of entry barriers, would be ultimately established in an industry by the normal forces of competition, e.g., 8% after taxes on invested capital.
		This is the profit maximizing output since (a) profits would be reduced by producing still another unit (the extra cost would exceed the extra revenue) and (b) profits would similarly be reduced by failing to produce that last unit (the extra cost is slightly less than the extra revenue).
	www.metrolink.net /~cmueller/ii-03.html (3835 words)

	PROFIT. The Columbia Encyclopedia: Sixth Edition. 2000 (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Economic theorists generally make a distinction between two types of profit: normal profit, in which the entrepreneur receives the minimal necessary amount to encourage him to open or stay in a particular business; and excess profit, that which exceeds normal profit.
		With the development of the corporation, profits are apportioned between dividends to the holders of stock, and investment and depreciation funds in the control of hired managers.
		Profit is often considered to be the major incentive for production in a capitalist economy, although with the decline of the entrepreneur and the rise of a salaried managerial class, it has tended to become less personal and more institutional in character.
	www.bartleby.com /aol/65/pr/profit.html (176 words)

	Windfall Profits
		First, there's normal profit, which is defined as the minimum amount necessary to keep entrepreneurial resources in their current usage in the long run.
		Normal profits reflect the opportunity cost of using funds to finance an operation, and they must be equal to, or greater than, the returns available elsewhere in the economy.
		Windfall or supernormal profits are any profits in excess of normal profit and are above and beyond that necessary to keep entrepreneurial resources in their current usage.
	www.gmu.edu /departments/economics/wew/articles/05/profits.html (549 words)

	Profit - Information from Reference.com
		Profit sharing is a scheme whereby a percentage of the profits of a company is given to staff in the form of an additional bonus payment; it may be in the form of cash or of shares in the company.
		Profit maximization is the economic concept that firms will aim to do everything possible to achieve the maximum possible profits - a view which is not considered realistic or possible by some authorities in economics.
		The social profit from a firm's activities is the normal profit plus or minus any externalities that occur in its activity.
	www.reference.com /search?q=Profit (1142 words)

	Chapter 8 (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Because survival of the firm requires profit, the assumption that members of the firm want the firm to survive is equivalent to an assumption that the firm attempts to make a profit.
		The major difference between the for-profit organization and the nonprofit organization is that the former announces that its goal is to make a profit, and then is forced by the constraints to produce a product that is valuable to someone.
		Because both not-for-profit and for-profit organizations face the same three constraints, the actions of one can be hard to distinguish from those of the other if the constraints allow only a small area of profit.
	www.eco.utexas.edu /graduate/Konstantinova/8_Producers.htm (4365 words)

	Lecture: March 24
		Note that the definition of normal profit in the margin of the text on p.
		They are normal in the sense that they are going to pay for something that had an actual opportunity cost.
		When we say that competition tends to drive profits to zero, we are talking about economic profits....this is the delectable stuff that attracts other producers to the industry....
	www-unix.oit.umass.edu /~folbre/econ103/Lectures/lect3_24.htm (769 words)

	[No title]
		Normal profit signifies the minimum amount of profit necessary to attract a business to an activity and to induce that business to continue in that activity over the long term.
		Economic rent is the profit from the sale of a tree beyond that exacted by the company that harvested it, brought it to market, and took a margin of normal profit.
		Since it is indicative of the surplus generated from the exploitation of the forests, and excludes the normal profit expected by concessionaires, economic rent represents an ability to pay taxes and levies.
	www.geocities.com /davidbrown_id/Diss/DWB.Fintext.doc (19449 words)

	PinkMonkey.com-Economics Study Guide - 9.3 Cost and Profit
		Ordinarily it can be stated that a normal profit condition is one in which economic profits are zero.
		Marshall has stated that normal profit is that rate of minimum profit which a firm must earn in order to survive in the market.
		Normal profit rate is governed by the general expectations of a firm.
	www.pinkmonkey.com /studyguides/subjects/eco/chap9/e0909301.asp (745 words)

	S-Cool! - AS & A2 Level Economics Revision - Quicklearn
		At this point it is probably worth explaining the difference between normal profit and super-normal profit (or abnormal profit).
		One way that a firm might work out the level of output where profits are maximised is to find the level of output where the difference between total revenue and total cost is largest.
		Notice that this is the level of output where the profit curve is at its highest in the top diagram, the gap between TR and TC is greatest in the middle diagram and MC = MR in the bottom diagram.
	www.s-cool.co.uk /topic_quicklearn.asp?loc=ql&topic_id=6&quicklearn_id=6&subject_id=11&ebt=50&ebn=&ebs=&ebl=&elc=13 (930 words)

	20
		May be his 'normal profit' is partly realised or may be not realised at all.
		Profit is maximum when excess of total revenue over the total cost is maximum.
		Profit is also maximum when marginal cost is equal to marginal revenue and no further profitable movement of production is possible.
	www.nos.org /eco12/es4h20.1.htm (3442 words)

	Corporate Blawg UK: The many faces of Profits
		Retained profit is the remaining profit after the shareholders have received their dividends, and is normally reinvested in the business.
		Normal profit is where income that equals the opportunity cost of labour and capital.
		Normal profits are the minimum level of profit required to keep the factors of production in their current use in the long run.
	corporatelawuk.typepad.com /corporate_blawg/2006/09/the_many_faces_.html (563 words)

	Calls to mobile: economic depreciation
		The amount of the cost recovery required to achieve normal profit is the present value of the loss that would be incurred by the incumbent if it were to charge the base price in every year.
		To earn normal profits, the incumbents would require higher prices than the sum of the base price and the utilisation component, because they would (typically) purchase their assets at higher prices than the MEA price in the last year.
		The amount of the cost recovery required to achieve normal profit is the difference between the present value of the capital expenditure of the incumbents over the long run and the present value of the revenue that they would obtain if the price charged in every year were the base price plus the utilisation component.
	www.ofcom.org.uk /static/archive/oftel/publications/mobile/depr0901.htm (5317 words)

	Handout 3 (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Profit: A normal profit is the minimum return the owner(s) of a firm must receive to continue the operation of the business.
		Accounting profit is measured in a manner that is dictated by the I.R.S. and the accountant’s national organization.
		This theme of accounting costs, profits and economic costs and profits is a reoccurring theme throughout this course.
	home.maine.rr.com /ec/321/handout/Handout3.htm (597 words)

	The Motley Fool UK: Fool's Eye View 14/03/2002
		That is why "excessive profit" is a complete nonsense and any attempt to eradicate excessive profit through taxing those earnings is almost as farcical.
		Excessive profit can be interpreted as the profit that is made over and above normal profit that is included in establishing average cost.
		A complex monopoly arises when at least one quarter of services are supplied by a group of two or more who either voluntarily or not, and whether by agreement or not, conduct their respective affairs to prevent, restrict or distort competition with the supply of those services.
	www.fool.co.uk /news/foolseyeview/2002/fev020314c.htm (726 words)

	Boyes/Melvin Chapter Overview and Strategies
		Since profit maximization is an important concept in understanding market structure, this chapter also distinguishes between economic and accounting costs.
		Zero economic profit: A firm that neither adds value nor subtracts value is one with a zero economic profit, or a normal accounting profit..
		Positive economic profit: If a firm is returning more to its owners than the owners' opportunity cost, the firm is said to be earning positive economic profit.
	college.hmco.com /economics/boyes_melvin/shared/faculty/chov23.html (1041 words)

	EEC Anti-Dumping Enforcement:
		After using constructed value to create a normal value which is not comparable to the export price, the EEC then applies extremely narrow interpretations of the allowance provisions in order to deny allowances for many of the differences that exist between the constructed normal value and the export price.
		When constructing a normal value on the basis of the cost of production, plus a reasonable amount for selling, general and administrative expenses and profit, administering authorities are in a position to create a normal value truly comparable with the export price.
		And even if the profit margins used are the actual average levels of profit incurred by unrelated importers, the practice of using average profit margins to inflate the actual profit margin obtained by the related importer does not appear to be justified.
	www.ejil.org /journal/Vol1/No1/art6-01.html (8582 words)

	[No title]
		A normal profit is the amount of revenue that is necessary in order to keep a "self employed" resource self employed.
		An economic profit is total revenue minus economic costs (both explicit and implicit costs, including a normal profit).
		Profits are equal to total revenue minus total costs.
	www.angelfire.com /ky/rustyecon/profit.html (1346 words)

	[No title]
		A normal profit* is the profit that just compensates for the riskiness (uncertainty of return) of the venture.
		The riskier the venture, the greater the expected normal profit should be.
		An economic profit of zero is a satisfactory level of profit; it is the level of economic profit that will persuade producers to continue to produce.
	www.courses.dsu.edu /econ201_janke/fall2002/notes/chap7/econprof.doc (394 words)

	Results Form
		The monopolistic competitor maximizes profit or minimizes loss by producing the output at which MR 5 MC.
		The economic profit shown in (a) will induce new firms to enter, eventually eliminating economic profit.
		At this price P3 and output Q3, the monopolistic competitor earns only a normal profit and the industry is in long-run equilibrium.
	www.mhhe.com /economics/mcconnell/student/olc/graphics/mcconnell14econ/25/chap25-1.htm (524 words)

	Economics 185 - Principles of Economics (Micro)
		Normal profit is just enough for a business to cover its economic costs.
		Total profits on (a) are represented by the vertical distance between the total revenue and total cost curves.
		Total profit is equal to average profit per unit multiplied by the number of units produced.
	mil.ccc.cccd.edu /classes/economics185/c.htm (3383 words)

	Lec1 (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Normal profit is the opportunity cost of using the firm’s own resources.
		Normal rate of return is the minimum rate of return necessary to keep resources engaged in a particular activity.
		Profits are important because a manager that maximizes profits will (in general) maximize the value of the firm.
	lcb1.uoregon.edu /jmellis/finl311/intro.htm (357 words)

	Chapter 12
		Profit is maximized by producing the level of output at which marginal revenue equals marginal cost, that is, by producing so that MR = MC.
		Whether it earns an economic profit, a normal profit, or incurs an economic loss, depends on a comparison of the price and average total cost.
		The impact of a permanent increase in demand is the reverse of the effect from a permanent decrease in demand.
	academic.udayton.edu /ECO203/chapter_12.htm (1797 words)

	David W Brown - Addicted to Rent - Theoretical Principles (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The first is normal profit, defined as the opportunity cost of a business, the minimum amount necessary to attract a business to an activity, and to induce the business to remain in it.
		Normal profit is defined in this report as the level of profit which yields a 25 percent return on the total amount invested by timber concessionaires to extract wood from the forest.
		Second, government officials in Indonesia tend to view economic rent not primarily in terms of how it can contribute to the development of the country, but rather how it can be used to assure their political longevity, and/or augment their personal financial holdings.
	www.geocities.com /davidbrown_id/theory.html (1688 words)

	Normal Profit Financial, finance dictionary, terms & glossary.
		Normal Profit Financial, finance dictionary, terms and glossary.
		is the opportunity cost of using entrepreneurial abilities in the production of a good, or the profit that could have been received by entrepreneurship in another business venture.
		Like the opportunity costs of other resources, normal profit is deducted from revenue to determine economic profit.
	www.financial-dictionary.com /normal_profit.html (67 words)

	profit - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: )
		profit in economics, return on capital, also called earnings, minus the costs of maintaining land, labor, and capital.
		Strong Underlying Profit Growth Continues; Rexam PLC, the Global Consumer Packaging Company, Announces its Results for the Year 2003.
		Analysis of the rationale for, and consequences of, nonprofit and for-profit ownership conversions.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-profit.html (627 words)

	normal profit definition - Dictionary - MSN Encarta
		normal profit definition - Dictionary - MSN Encarta
		Search for "normal profit" in all of MSN Encarta
		minimum profit required for production: the minimum level of profit that is needed to maintain long-term production of a particular product
	encarta.msn.com /dictionary_561533809_1861683883/nextpage.html (85 words)

	Economics U$A (Site not responding. Last check: )
		To show the economic reasons for payments of interest and normal profits, the causes of "windfall" profits, and how the decision to invest in plant and equipment is related to the interest rate and expected returns on the investment.
		a) such returns are called pure economic profit; they are due to the temporary monopoly or "windfall" profits that may occur because of the innovative or risk-taking activity of the entrepreneur.
		However, this lack of profits did not prevent the stock prices of these companies from shooting up, as investors bet that, sooner or later, their profitability would improve.
	www.wwnorton.com /ecu7/section23/default.htm (435 words)

	Lecture 20 Notes
		Profits are equal to the firm's total revenue minus its total costs.
		This is called a normal profit and simply means that the firm earned as much in this line of business as it could have earned in some other line of business.
		A firm can earn a positive accounting profit but negative economic profits if it could have earned a greater return in some other line of business.
	www.personal.psu.edu /faculty/d/x/dxl31/econ14/Spring_2000/lecture20.html (490 words)

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