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Topic: Normal temperature and pressure

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	The MSDS HyperGlossary: Standard Temperature and Pressure (STP)
		Standard Temperature and Pressure (STP) is defined as 0 degrees Celsius and 1 atmosphere of pressure.
		The letters "STP" occur most commonly on an MSDS after a physical property such as the density or flammable limit of a gas or the vapor pressure of a material.
		For example, in the calculation in the previous section, the volume would be 858 liters at 20 °C, a difference of 7%.
	www.ilpi.com /msds/ref/stp.html (535 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for pressure (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The SI unit is the pascal; 1 pascal is equal to the pressure exerted by a force of 1 newton on an area of 1m 2.
		blood pressure When the heart contracts (systolic pressure) the normal blood pressure of females is 120 mm mercury at the age of 12 rising to 175 at 70.
		Pressure is on for 'Heroes': The hit show is facing its second season -- and expectations to top last year.
	www.encyclopedia.com /SearchResults.aspx?Q=pressure&StartAt=21 (1517 words)

	Density - LoveToKnow 1911
		It is necessary to determine the pressure exerted on the vapour by the mercury in the narrow limb; this is effected by opening the capillary and inclining the tube until the mercury just reaches the top of the narrow tube; the difference between FIG.
		For higher temperatures the bulb of the vapour density tube is made of porcelain or platinum, and is heated in a gas furnace.
		pressure, W i the weight in water, atmospheric conditions remaining very nearly the same; p is the density of the water in which the body is weighed, a is (I +at°) in which a is the coefficient of cubical expansion of the body, and S is the density of the air at t°, p mm.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Density (4821 words)

	Liquid - MSN Encarta
		Water, for example, exists as a liquid at room temperature (20° C/68° F) and normal atmospheric pressure (the pressure of the atmosphere at sea level).
		Iron is a solid at room temperature and normal pressure and must be heated to 1535° C (2795° F) to become a liquid.
		Pressure can be increased by moving a given volume of gas from a large container into a smaller container, or by adding more gas to the original container.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761571486/Liquid.html (1958 words)

	Cole-Parmer Technical Library
		Because temperature and pressure variations will cause a gas to expand and contract, thereby changing density and viscosity, the calibration of a particular variable-area flowmeter will no longer be valid as these conditions fluctuate.
		The pressure differential created by fluid drag from one end of the laminar flow plates to the other is linear and proportional to the flowrate of the liquid or the gas.
		The differential pressure from one end of the laminar flow plates to the other end is linear and proportional to the flowrate of the liquid or gas.
	www.coleparmer.com /techinfo/techinfo.asp?htmlfile=SelectingFlowmeter1.htm (4635 words)

	WPS:LPG
		The ignition temperature, a identification of anti-knock-property, of propane (457 C) is at the higher end of ignition temperature range for gasoline (227 to 471 C).
		The vapor pressure and liquid density of propane are shown in Fig 2 and Fig 3.
		Normal working pressures of the tanks vary depending upon ambient temperaturesand the quantity of fuel in the tank, propane systems normally limit the liquid level to 80% of tank total tank volume by astopp fill valve.
	www.wps.com /LPG/WVU-review.html (3420 words)

	pressure (definition)
		[n] the act of pressing; the exertion of pressure; "he gave the button a press"; "he used pressure to stop the bleeding"; "at the pressing of a button".
		[n] the somatic sensation of pressure; "the sensitivity of his skin to pressure and temperature was normal".
		[v] to cause to do through pressure or necessity, by physical, moral or intellectual means :"She forced him to take a job in the city"; "He squeezed her for information".
	lookwayup.com /lwu.exe/lwu/d?s=f&w=pressure (143 words)

	Density meter. Different density measurement procdures. (Site not responding. Last check: )
		NTP is usually used for solids at the temperature 0 degree Celcius and a pressure of 760 mm mercuty.
		The STP is used for solids and fluids at a temperature of 15.6 degree celcius and a pressure of 1 atm (or 101.325 kPa).
		In the case of specific gravity, the temperatures might be different for the process and the reference fluid, which is acceptable, but must be clearly stated.
	ph-scale.info /density.htm (928 words)

	Vapor pressure-Boiling Point-Normal boiling point
		Pressure exerted by the vapour of a liquid at equilibrium is called "Vapour Pressure" of that liquid.
		Pressure exerted by the vapours of a liquid when rate of evaporation is and the rate of condensation becomes equal is called "Vapour Pressure".
		The temperature at which the vapour pressure of a liquid becomes equal to atmospheric pressure is called BOING PONT.
	www.citycollegiate.com /vaporpressure.htm (183 words)

	Water on the Web \| Resources \| Glossary
		The ratio of the temperature of an object to the temperature of its surroundings.
		The change in temperature of an object is directly proportional to the difference between its temperature and the temperature of its surroundings.
		A graph of the temperature per depth; where the depth is on the z-axis and temperature is on the x-axis.
	waterontheweb.org /resources/glossary.html (6062 words)

	Measuring Volume of Liquid, Gas
		Specifying the "Normal" conditions of measurement must be done with gases, since the volume of a gas is inversely proportional to its pressure, and proportional to absolute temperature.
		In other words, because gas volume changes so dramatically with temperature and pressure, we have to establish some "normal" or "known" temperature and pressure conditions in order to be able to compare one person's measurement with another.
		When measuring gas volumes, the N means the gas is at normal temperature and pressure, usually taken to be 20.0 C and 1.01 bar (one atmosphere).
	www.newton.dep.anl.gov /askasci/eng99/eng99483.htm (391 words)

	Pressure and States of Matter - Succeed in Physical Science
		The temperature that a material changes its state is usually given at the average air pressure at sea level.
		The reason increasing pressure will increase the required temperature of changing the state is because the pressure is a result of molecules from the outside material (like air molecules for air pressure) smashing into the object's molecules and preventing them to become free from their own molecular attraction.
		A graph comparing the values temperature and pressure needed to have a change of state of various materials also shows special situations where a solid will change directly into a gas.
	www.school-for-champions.com /science/matterstates_pressure.htm (1151 words)

	Water Landing
		This was because the oil temperature and pressure was erratic and it was considered unwise to operate the engine at full power.
		The owners were advised to replace the oil temperature and pressure probes and gauges in matched pairs to rule out any indication problems.
		The oil pressure was noted at 65psi and the oil temperature at 210f as the nose was lowered to accelerate to 190kts.
	www.ez.org /water_landing.htm (817 words)

	Temperature and pressure
		In this paper we will be considering how small changes in either temperature or pressure will cause one or both of these failures to occur, and learn how to prevent these changes especially when the pump is stopped and often subject to both temperature and pressure fluctuations.
		But since pumpage pressure and temperature changes are normal (especially at shut down) we are going to have to become skillful in controlling the temperature and pressure in the stuffing box area to prevent a premature seal failure.
		The temperature of steam is directly related to its pressure.
	www.mcnallyinstitute.com /08-html/8-9.html (1695 words)

	Correction for Hg expansion
		This is because the chamber (with specific electrometer) correction factors (for example, gray to air/coulomb) generated at the time of calibration are most often calculated to "normal" room temperature and pressure (T&P) conditions (that is, 22 degrees C and 760 mm Hg).
		If you are using a mercury (Hg) barometer to take the ambient pressure reading at or near your radiation measurement (for example, in a radiation therapy clinic), one does need to consider the volumetric expansion of the Hg with temperature.
		That is, ensure it is to "normal" temperature and not "standard" conditions (that is, 0 degrees C).
	www.hps.org /publicinformation/ate/q1366.html (615 words)

	Is High-Normal Blood Pressure a Medical Misnomer?
		High blood pressure is defined in adults as a systolic pressure (top number) of 140 or higher and a diastolic level (bottom number) of 90 or more.
		Those with lower levels have readings considered to be either normal (between 120 and 129 systolic/80 to 84 diastolic), or optimal (a systolic level less than 120 and a diastolic level less than 80).
		The researchers reported that those with blood pressures in the high-normal range were 1.5 to 2.5 times more likely to suffer a heart attack or stroke or develop heart failure during a 10-year period than those with optimal readings.
	www.webmd.com /news/20011031/is-high-normal-blood-pressure-medical-misnomer (688 words)

	Fans - Influence of Air Temperature and Air Density on Volume Flow, Pressure Head and Power Consumption
		Since density of air vary with temperature and air pressure (or altitude and elevation above sea level), a fan will not deliver according manufacturing specification if the operating conditions are outside NTP - Normal Temperature and Pressure conditions.
		NTP - Normal Temperature and Pressure Conditions - 20
		NTP conditions if the operating conditions are known, or vice versa if the NTP conditions are known.
	www.hvac-toolbox.com /air-density-temperature-fan-capacity-d_144.html (743 words)

	Standard And Normal T P - ChE Forums
		It depends - standard and normal are neither as 'standard' nor as 'normal' as the name implies.
		Where P = pressure, V = volumetric flowrate, T = temperature, with 1 and 2 referring to initial and final conditions.
		using pressure in psi in eqn 1), or where a common factor has been introduced to both sides of the equation (such as hr^-1, in all equations).
	www.cheresources.com /invision/index.php?showtopic=994 (751 words)

	SBIR/STTR Interactive Topic Information System (SITIS)
		At normal temperature and pressure, approximately 18 percent of air by volume is soluble in the military hydraulic fluids, (MIL-PRF-83282, MIL-PRF-87257 and MIL-PRF-5606).
		In order to prevent free air from forming in the fluid, the sensor must be capable of measuring both the free air and the dissolved air in the hydraulic fluid.
		The sensor must be compatible with the hydraulic fluids and functional over the anticipated temperature range of the hydraulic fluid of -40 to 275 degrees F. The sensor is not to be mounted on aircraft but on ground support equipment, e.g., hydraulic fluid purifier or hydraulic test stand.
	www.dodsbir.net /sitis/archives_display_topic.asp?Bookmark=28705 (819 words)

	Roughage utilization in warm climates
		Success factors mainly involve the amount of ammonia used, its temperature, the duration of the treatment and the humidity under which treatment takes place; they also depend upon the nature of the forage to be treated and the interaction of all these parameters in a manner between which it is difficult to distinguish.
		The rapid rise in temperature during treatment due to heat released from the chemical reaction is insufficient to ensure optimum conditions for treating the stacks (without additional heat being applied).
		It is essential to observe a treatment period determined according to ambient temperature, a longer period at low temperatures and vice et versa at higher temperatures.
	www.fao.org /docrep/003/w4988e/W4988E03.htm (2741 words)

	ATSDR - HAGM - Appendix K
		When concentration is expressed in terms of mass of contaminant per volume of air, changes in temperature and pressure result in changes in the volume of air but not in the mass of the contaminant.
		Therefore, the concentration expressions are accurate only at a specified temperature and pressure.
		Likewise, it is necessary to understand the effects of pressure and temperature changes and to be able to use these in calculations.
	permanent.access.gpo.gov /lps21/appk.html (1173 words)

	COTW05
		The SI unit of pressure is Newtons per meter squared, since the Newton (N) is the SI unit of force and the square meter is the SI unit for area.
		At constant temperature and pressure, the density of a gas is directly proportional to the molar mass.
		Under normal temperature and pressure conditions, however, the attractive forces between molecules don't have much time to act, since the molecules are far apart from one another and moving past one another very quickly.
	www2.yk.psu.edu /~jhb3/cotw05.htm (1751 words)

	Radioactive potassium may be major heat source in Earth's core
		During the planet's formation, this potassium-iron alloy could have sunk to the core, depleting potassium in the overlying mantle and crust and providing a radioactive potassium heat source in addition to that supplied by uranium and thorium in the core.
		The existence of this high-pressure alloy was predicted by Bukowinski in the mid-1970s.
		In the theoretical magma ocean of a proto-Earth, the pressure at a depth of 400-1,000 kilometers (270-670 miles) would be between 15 and 35 gigapascals and the temperature would be 2,200-3,000 Kelvin, Jeanloz said.
	www.physlink.com /News/121103PotassiumCore.cfm (1325 words)

	Stanford SOLAR Center -- Ask A Solar Physicist FAQs - Answer
		So, at the "normal" temperature and pressure on earth, a hydrogen nucleus has basically no chance of ever joining with another hydrogen nucleus.
		Now we know that in the middle of the sun, where the temperature is about 16 million degrees, and the pressure is 250 billion atmospheres, hydrogen nuclei will sometimes have enough energy to join together.
		There isn't really any one temperature and pressure where the nuclei start joining together, but the chance of it happening depends very strongly on the temperature and pressure.
	solar-center.stanford.edu /FAQ/Qfusion_TP.html (606 words)

	Environmental Expert.com. Is the Rotameter Ready for Retirement in Air Sampling/Monitoring Applications? (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The scale on the rotameter is determined by altering the flow rate of air passing through the rotameter while maintaining a constant absolute pressure at the outlet of the rotameter and a constant temperature of the air passing through it.
		It is representative of the actual conditions of air temperature and absolute pressure at the outlet of the rotameter at the time the flow rate is observed, assuming a properly performed observation of the float level and interpretation and interpolation of the scale, whether the ball is steady or bouncing up and down.
		(a) Rarely does anyone measure the absolute pressure at the outlet of the rotameter or the temperature of the air flowing through the rotameter of an air sampler in order to be able to correct to a set of reference T and P conditions.
	www.environmental-center.com /resulteacharticle4.asp?cid=2990&codi=7479 (1483 words)

	§1910.104 Oxygen
		Piping, tubing, and fittings shall be suitable for oxygen service and for the pressures and temperatures involved.
		Piping or tubing for operating temperatures below -20 [deg]F. shall be fabricated from materials meeting the impact test requirements of paragraph UG-84 of ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section VIII--Unfired Pressure Vessels--1968, when tested at the minimum operating [[Page 236]] temperature to which the piping may be subjected in service.
		Bulk oxygen storage containers, regardless of design pressure shall be equipped with safety relief devices as required by the ASME code or the DOT specifications and regulations.
	www.complianceregs.com /29cfr/1910/subH/1910-104.html (1442 words)

	Physics
		So to simulate a gas at normal temperature and pressure you should have very few particles in the box, say 4 or so.
		For air at normal temperature and pressure, the rms speed is of the order of 500 m/s (483 for oxigen, 517 for nitrogen).
		This distribution is normalized so that the integral over the two velocity components yields N, the total number of molecules in the box.
	comp.uark.edu /~jgeabana/mol_dyn/physics.html (760 words)

	NFPA Chemical Hazard Label
		May be sensitive to mechanical or local thermal shock at normal temperature and pressure.
		Is sensitive to thermal or mechanical shock at elevated temperatures.
		Normally stable material which can become unstable at high temperature and pressure.
	www.uwplatt.edu /chemep/chem/saf/nfpa-d.htm (622 words)

	STP - Standard Temperature and Pressure & NTP - Normal Temperature and Pressure
		Since temperature and air pressure may vary form place to place it is necessary with standard reference conditions for testing and documentation of chemical and physical processes.
		STP is commonly used to define standard conditions for temperature and pressure which is important for the measurements and documentation of chemical and physical processes:
		SATP - Standard Ambient Temperature and Pressure is a reference with temperature of 25 degC (298.15 K) and pressure of 101 kPa.
	www.engineeringtoolbox.com /stp-standard-ntp-normal-air-d_772.html (0 words)

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