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	Joseph Norman Lockyer - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Lockyer identified a yellow strip in the spectrum of the sun that conventional scientific opinion of the time held as a known element under extraordinary circumstances.
		To Lockyer it suggested the existence of a previously unknown element in the sun.
		The Norman Lockyer Chair in Astrophysics at the University of Exeter is currently held by Professor Tim Naylor, who heads a star formation group there.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Norman_Lockyer (349 words)

	Joseph Norman Lockyer -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Sir Joseph Norman Lockyer or Norman Lockyer (May 17, 1836 – August 16, 1920) was an (An Indo-European language belonging to the West Germanic branch; the official language of Britain and the United States and most of the Commonwealth countries) English scientist and astronomer.
		Lockyer identified a yellow strip in the (An ordered array of the components of an emission or wave) spectrum of the sun that conventional scientific opinion of the time held as a known element under extraordinary circumstances.
		The Norman Lockyer Chair in (The branch of astronomy concerned with the physical and chemical properties of celestial bodies) Astrophysics at the University of Exeter is currently held by Professor Tim Naylor, who heads a (Click link for more info and facts about star formation) star formation group there.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/j/jo/joseph_norman_lockyer.htm (495 words)

	J. Norman Lockyer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Lockyer was born in Rugby Warwickshire after a conventional schooling suplemented by in Switzerland and France he worked for some years as civil servant in the British War office.
		Lockyer identified yellow strip in the spectrum of the sun that conventional scientific of the time held as a known under extraordinary circumstances.
		After his retirement in 1911 Lockyer established observatory near his home in Salcombe Regis Devonshire it was known at first as Hill Observatory and after his death as Norman Lockyer Observatory which is now operated the University of Exeter.
	www.freeglossary.com /J._Norman_Lockyer (610 words)

	Norman Lockyer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Lockyer was born in Rugby, Warwickshire, after aconventional schooling suplemented by travel in Switzerland and France, he worked for some years as a civilservant in the British War office.
		Lockyer identified a yellow strip in the spectrum of the sun that conventional scientific opinion of the time held as a known element underextraordinary circumstances.
		After his retirement in 1911, Lockyer established an observatory near his home in Salcombe Regis, Devonshire, it was known at first as the Hill Observatory, and after his death as theNorman Lockyer Observatory, which is now operated by the University of Exeter.
	www.therfcc.org /norman-lockyer-43967.html (241 words)

	Lockyer (lunar crater) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Lockyer is a lunar crater that is located along the western wall of the large Janssen walled plain.
		The interior floor is relatively featureless, except for a small crater along the edge of the southern inner wall.
		By convention these features are identified on lunar maps by placing the letter on the side of the crater mid-point that is closest to Lockyer crater.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Lockyer_(Lunar_crater) (129 words)

	EARTH MYSTERIES: Sir J. Norman Lockyer
		It needs to be stressed that for Lockyer these alignments were primarily symbolic and had been established by the builders of Stonehenge primarily to serve calendar-based rituals and celebrations.
		For Lockyer Stonehenge was neither a megalithic calendar nor an astronomical calculator in the way it was later to be interpreted by Gerald Hawkins.
		Lockyer's belief in the astronomical purposes of Stonehenge and other stone circles has been the primary impetus behind this kind of research in the twentieth century.
	witcombe.sbc.edu /earthmysteries/EMLockyer.html (585 words)

	SIR JOSEPH NORMAN LOCKYER - LoveToKnow Article on SIR JOSEPH NORMAN LOCKYER (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Lockyer was elected a fellow of the Royal Society in 1869, and received the Rumford medal in 1874.
		He initiated in 1866 the spectroscopic observation of sunspots; applied Dopplers principle in 1869 to determine the radial velocities of the chromospheric gases; and successfully investigated the chemistry of the sun from 1872 onward.
		Among Lockyers other works areThe Dawn of A stronomy (1894), to which Stonehenge and other British Stone Monuments astronomically considered (1906) may be considered a sequel; Recent and coming Eclipses (1897); and Inorganic Evolution (1900).
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /L/LO/LOCKYER_SIR_JOSEPH_NORMAN.htm (412 words)

	Norman Lockyer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Lockyer was born in Rugby, Warwickshire, after a conventional schooling suplemented by travel in Switzerland and France, he worked for some years as a civil servant in the British War office.
		Norman Lockyer Observatory and Planetarium Working historic astronomical observatory and planetarium.
		Norman Area Land Conservancy Norman Area Land Conservancy assists in conserving the special places in Norman, Oklahoma, and to accept a stewardship role on private conservation easements.
	www.serebella.com /encyclopedia/article-Norman_Lockyer.html (761 words)

	Lockyer, Joseph Norman (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Lockyer was born in Rugby, the Midlands, and began as an amateur astronomer.
		Although Lockyer had been the first to think of it, the same idea had occurred to French astronomer Pierre Janssen, then working in India, and they simultaneously notified the French Academy of Sciences of the same result.
		Lockyer also developed the theory that Stonehenge is oriented towards the direction in which the Sun rises at the time of the summer solstice.
	cartage.org.lb /en/themes/Biographies/MainBiographies/L/Lockyer/1.html (202 words)

	03 Lockyer, Norman
		Joseph Norman Lockyer was born at Rugby on May, 17th 1836 to Mr.
		Cooke encouraged Lockyer's interest in astronomy and in 1862 lent him a 6.25 inch object glass to build a telescope with which he was to make important observations during the next 10 years.
		Lockyer was knighted in 1897 for this discovery.
	www.plicht.de /chris/03lockye.htm (676 words)

	Earth Mysteries: Sir J. Norman Lockyer (1836-1920) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Sir J. Norman Lockyer was a British astronomer and a respected scientist in his day.
		Working on the presumption that the midsummer sun rose originally over "Heel Stone", Lockyer attempted to calculate back from the point where the sun now rose on midsummer's dawn in 1901 to determine when it would have risen precisely over the "Heel Stone" and thereby establish the date when Stonehenge was built.
		Lockyer calculated that Stonehenge was built around 1680 B.C.E. His method of calculation, however, was flawed and the result is usually dismissed as meaningless.
	www.britannia.com /wonder/lockyer.html (599 words)

	Reporter - Blue plaque for Magician of Britain
		Sir Norman Lockyer, Secretary of The Royal Commission on Scientific Instruction and the Advancement of Science (1870-75) which recommended the setting up of a government Solar Physics Observatory, discovered in the sun's spectrum the then unknown gas later christened 'helium'.
		Lockyer remained director until his resignation on the Observatory's transfer to Cambridge in 1911.
		"Sir Norman Lockyer was clearly a remarkable man with an incredibly wide breadth of achievements, and should be more widely known than he is. The recognition of his life and work by a blue plaque is most deserved," said Lord Sainsbury.
	www.ic.ac.uk /P3949.htm (291 words)

	New Page 1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Lockyer was not impressed by the manner of the arguments levied at him and he suggested it would not be remiss if the average archaeologist acquired a little astronomical background.
		Lockyer considered that sight lines often made use of barrows built on hillsides or on the brow of high ground, or even by the use of notches in the landscape, and prominent natural landmarks on the skyline.
		Lockyer was not an archaeologist and to criticise him on the basis of the collective archaeological wisdom of the early 20th century is a bit mean.
	leylines.members.beeb.net /Norman%20Lockyer.htm (2666 words)

	Mond Dome Telescope Drive EMC. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The telescope in the Mond Dome is the historic Lockyer 6-inch refractor, which in its earliest incarnation was used by Sir Norman to measure the temperature of the Sun.
		The telescope was rebuilt in 1871 by Thomas Cooke, after Lockyer had achieved fame and sufficient fortune to have it engineered properly, and ultimately moved to its current location in the dome built by Sir Robert Mond in 1932.
		The Norman Lockyer Observatory, Situated at the top of Salcombe Hill, Sidmouth, Devon, is a charitable organisation, run by volunteers, and dedicated to public science education.
	www.camuw.demon.co.uk /web_site/nlo/nlo_emc.html (1652 words)

	Lectures 2001 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Norman Lockyer worked much of his life as a clerk at the War Office and was a self-trained astronomer.
		Lockyer determined the temperature of the solar surface and of sunspots.
		Norman Lockyer founded the scientific journal "Nature" in 1869, and was its editor for more than fifty years.
	www.brlsi.org /proceed02/astronomy018.htm (526 words)

	J. Norman Lockyer
		Lockyer made numerous major contributions to the rising field of spectroscopy.
		In the early 1890 Lockyer became interested in possible astronomical alignments of ancient Greek and Egyptian monuments and temples, and in 1901 he extended his studies to Stonehenge.
		Although many of Lockyer's hypotheses and conclusions were not universally well received and often did not survive the test of time, he is to be credited with founding the field of Archeoastronomy.
	www.hao.ucar.edu /Public/education/bios/lockyer.html (357 words)

	Helium
		The man who spotted it there was Norman Lockyer, a civil servant from Wimbledon who, among other things, wrote the first book on the St. Andrew's rules of golf, founded London's Science Museum in South Kensington and launched the international science journal Nature, which he edited for 50 years.
		Lockyer was ridiculed for proposing the existence of "helium" and had to wait many years to see his critics silenced.
		Lockyer was beside himself with joy as he squinted through the spectroscope at the "glorious yellow effulgence" he had first seen on the Sun a quarter of a century before.
	www.chemmybear.com /helium.html (1137 words)

	Chapter 4—Part 2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Lockyer assured his audience that the spectral photographs these men had taken would prove to be of great assistance to those who would understand the chemistry and physics of the sun: "I do think we have in photography not only a tremendous ally of the spectroscope, but a part of the spectroscope itself."
		Lockyer bound these views into a unified whole, which he called the "meteoritic hypothesis." He contended that all celestial bodies were comprised of swarms of meteors in various stages of evolutionary development.
		Lockyer was encouraged in this view by his observation that when magnesium, an element common to meteors, was brought to a sufficiently high temperature, a line appeared in its spectral signature which was virtually coincident with that of the chief nebular line (see Figures 32a and 32b).
	eee.uci.edu /clients/bjbecker/huggins/ch4b.html (9480 words)

	[No title]
		Cooke encouraged Lockyer's interest in astronomy and in 1862 lent him a 6.25 inch objective to build a telescope with which he was to make important observations during the next 10 years.
		It was not until 1868 that Lockyer was able to confirm the suggestion, wich he had made in 1866, that bright emission lines from prominences of the sun could be seen at times other than during total eclipses.
		James Lockyer was the youngest son of Sir Norman and the second director of the 'Hill Observatory'.
	www.astro.wisc.edu /~astrolib/enha12.html.1 (5075 words)

	Joseph Norman Lockyer - Encyclopedia.WorldSearch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Sir Joseph Norman Lockyer or Norman Lockyer (May 17, 1836 – August 16, 1920) was an English scientist and astronomer.
		After his retirement in 1911, Lockyer established an observatory near his home in Salcombe Regis, Devonshire.
		The atmosphere of the sun: A lecture delivered in the senate house, Cambridge, on May 24, 1871 (Rede lecture)
	encyclopedia.worldsearch.com /norman_lockyer.htm (422 words)

	Atti '96 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Lockyer, in collaborazione col suo assistente Alfred Fowler, scopre tra il 1896 e il 1897 che queste enhanced lines di emissione coincidono proprio con diverse righe incognite di assorbimento presenti negli spettri di stelle di temperatura medio-alta (secondo la termometria stellare all'epoca comunemente accettata).
		Lockyer è inoltre al corrente delle esperienze condotte dagli americani Humphreys e Mohler, a partire dal 1896, sugli effetti della pressione sugli spettri ad arco degli elementi, e in particolare sulla lunghezza d'onda[219].
		Lockyer dà un'interpretazione evolutiva del grafico che indica le sostanze chimiche in funzione delle temperature stellari, ed interpreta la sequenza riscontrata come un'evidenza della dissociazione dei proto-metalli in elio e gas X al crescere della temperatura.
	www.brera.unimi.it /old/Atti-Como-96/briatore.html (7618 words)

	Morien Institute - Astro-Archæology - Archæoastronomy
		Explaining how Lockyer's researches showed that Egyptian temples were orientated towards the rising and setting of various heavenly bodies at particular times of the year, he relates how Lockyer discovered that the temple of Amen-Ra at Karnak has a long axis directed towards the sunset at the midsummer solstice.
		Lockyer calulated that Sirius rose in line with the extended axis of the temple of Isis in about 700 BC, agreeing with the archaeologists date for the founding of the temple, and that it rose at the same time as the sun, thus proving the inscription to be a true record of an astronomical event."
		When Lockyer began his work he was unaware of the temple inscriptions which record the foundation ceremony of stretching a line from the telluric centre in the sanctuary towards the heavenly body representing the tutelary deity on the horizon.
	www.morien-institute.org /astro-arch.html (3223 words)

	Lockyer, Joseph Norman -- Britannica Student Encyclopedia
		Named by the English astronomer Joseph Norman Lockyer in 1868, the chromosphere (colour sphere) appears briefly as a bright crescent, red with hydrogen light, during solar eclipses when the body of the Sun is almost obscured by the...
		His work was independent of that of the Englishman Joseph Norman Lockyer, who made the same discovery at about the same time.
		In 1868 a British astronomer, Joseph Norman Lockyer, used spectral analysis to isolate helium in the sun's spectrum.
	www.britannica.com /ebi/article-9315341?tocId=9315341 (790 words)

	norman (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Lockyer achieved many great things in his lifetime.
		He is known as one of the founders of astrophysics and the father of astro-archaeology.
		Lockyer was not only a great scientist, but an inspired teacher and a determined promoter of science.
	www.sunblock99.org.uk /sb99/people/CParnell/norman.html (208 words)

	Nature (journal) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The author or authors of the article must then respond to the referees' comments by changing the article or performing additional experiments, or the editor may choose to reject the article entirely.
		Nature was founded in 1869 by Sir Joseph Norman Lockyer, an astronomer and physicist best known as the co-discoverer of helium.
		Lockyer was also the first editor of the journal from its founding until 1919.
	www.marylandheights.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Nature_(journal) (416 words)

	Norman Lockyer
		Lockyer identified a yellow strip in the spectrum conventional scientific opinion of the time held that this was a known element under extrordinary circumstances, but to Lockyer it suggested to him the existence of a previously unknown element in the sun.
		He named this element Helium after the Greek word Helios meaning sun, his discovery was eventually confirmed in the 1890s.
		The text of this article is licensed under the GFDL.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/no/Norman_Lockyer.html (234 words)

	Sir Joseph Norman Lockyer (1836-1920) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		English astronomer, was born in Rugby, in May 17th 1836, and died in Sidmouth, in August 16th 1920.
		Lockyer was professor at the Royal College of Science and, later, director of the Solar Physics Observatory, in South Kensington.
		Lockyer discovered the element helium in the Sun before it had been detected on Earth.
	nautilus.fis.uc.pt /st2.5/scenes-e/biog/b0052.html (109 words)

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