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Topic: Normandy Invasion

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	Normandy Invasion
		The Normandy invasion was a series of landings by the Allies on the beaches of Normandy, in northern France, that began on June 6, 1944.
		The invasion was preceded by systematic bombing of the railways in northern France to prevent the German army from immediately receiving reinforcements.
		As a result, the Normandy invasion was almost a complete success in securing a foothold in France from which the Allies could launch their continental counteroffensive of over 800,000 men and over 100,000 vehicles against Germany.
	library.thinkquest.org /15511/data/encyclopedia/normandyinvasion.htm (151 words)

	Battle of Normandy
		The battle of Normandy was described thus by Adolf Hitler ;: “In the East, the vastness of space will… permit a loss of territory… without suffering a mortal blow to Germany’s chance for survival.
		Normandy was a less-defended coast and an unexpected but strategic jumping-off point, with the potential to confuse and scatter the German defending forces.
		Normandy presented serious logistical problems, not the least of which being that the only viable port in the area, Cherbourg, was heavily defended and many among the higher echelons of command argued that the Pas de Calais would make a more suitable landing area on these grounds alone.
	www.wikipediaondvd.com /nav/art/m/5.html (11876 words)

	Invasion of Normandy - Map - MSN Encarta
		D-Day, as it was called by the Allies, was the largest seaborne invasion in history.
		The invasion at Normandy took the Germans by surprise, because they expected an invasion to come from farther north, near Calais, at the narrowest part of the English Channel.
		The Germans fought the invasion fiercely, but by the end of the day, all five beaches were secured by the Allies.
	encarta.msn.com /media_461530160_761563737_-1_1/Invasion_of_Normandy.html (108 words)

	D-Day, the Battle of Normandy
		The Battle of Normandy was fought during World War II in the summer of 1944, between the Allied nations and German forces occupying Western Europe.
		The occupation of Normandy was crucial for the Western Allies to bring the war to the western border of Germany.
		Normandy Invasion The Invasion of Normandy Operation OVERLORD, the invasion of Normandy, is considered the decisive battle of the war in Western Europe.
	www.u-s-history.com /pages/h1749.html (919 words)

	Sudden Strike
		The Battle of Normandy was fought in 1944 between the German forces occupying Western Europe and the invading Allied forces as part of the larger conflict of World War II.
		Sixty years later, the Normandy invasion, codenamed Operation Overlord, remains the largest seaborne invasion in history, involving almost three million troops crossing the English Channel from England to Normandy in occupied France.
		The Normandy invasion began with overnight airborne paratrooper and glider landings, massive air and naval bombardments, and an early morning amphibious assault on June 6, "D-day".
	www.suddenstrike.com /index.php?uid=normandy (154 words)

	Normandy, Neptune, Arcadia, Dieppe, Quebec, Conference, Mulberry, Eisenhower, Tedder, Montgomery, Overlord, Channel
		Normandy Invasion - In late December the commanders for the invasion of Europe were announced.
		After gaining bridgeheads in Normandy, Eisenhower's aims were to build up enough strength for a decisive battle in the area, before breaking out to take the Channel ports and reach the German border on a broad front.
		The invasion was not expected in such weather conditions and certainly not in Normandy.
	www.naval-history.net /WW2CampaignsNormandy.htm (2152 words)

	Battle of Normandy at AllExperts
		The Normandy invasion began with overnight parachute and glider landings, massive air attacks and naval bombardments, and an early morning amphibious assault on June 6, "D-Day".
		In the weeks before the invasion it was noticed that the crossword of the British Daily Telegraph newspaper contained a surprisingly large number of words which were codewords relating to the invasion.
		Normandy presented serious logistical problems, not the least of which being that the only viable port in the area, Cherbourg, was heavily defended and many among the higher echelons of command argued that the Pas de Calais would make a more suitable landing area on these grounds alone.
	en.allexperts.com /e/b/ba/battle_of_normandy.htm (10498 words)

	D-Day: The Invasion of Normandy (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Operation OVERLORD, the invasion of Normandy, is considered the decisive battle of the war in Western Europe.
		With the Normandy coastline expanding the base of operations for the allies, supplying the massive army inland and expanding the beachhead became problematic.
		The northern coast where Normandy was located had a collection of small coastal towns, but nothing with a substantial port access for unloading the amount of supplies the allies needed to move.
	www.secondworldwarhistory.com /battle_of_normandy.asp (1951 words)

	D-Day - Invasion of Normandy Artwork
		The D-Day invasion of Normandy in June 1944 was the culmination of three years of planning and preparation by Allied forces in Britain.
		During the Normandy landings, German beach obstacles and defenses destroyed numerous Allied landing craft and vehicles in the approaches or on the beaches themselves.
		The Mulberry: One of the singular logistical achievements associated with the Normandy invasion was the gigantic artificial harbors, or "mulberries," that were designed, built, and transported to the landing beaches, which lacked the natural harbor facilities that would be vital to continued support of the invasion.
	www.paperlessarchives.com /d-day_art.html (1490 words)

	The Battle of Normandy
		The July 1943 invasion of Sicily was followed by the landings at Salerno and Anzio, the collapse of Mussolini's government, and the beginning of the bitter and protracted fight up the Italian peninsula.
		Thus it was not until the Teheran Conference in November 1943 that the British, prodded by the Russians, reluctantly agreed to launch a cross-Channel attack, code-named Operation Overlord, in May of 1944 and to allow President Franklin D. Roosevelt to name a commander for the operation.
		Naval patrols were canceled because the minimal weather conditions for an invasion (a sea state less than 4, wind speed under 24 knots, a visibility of 6,000 yards) were not met.
	www.history.rochester.edu /mtv/overview.htm (4617 words)

	PlanetPapers - Invasion Of Normandy/ D-Day
		On the morning of the Invasion of Normandy, beaches in the area of Cotentin, France, were bombarded with over 5,000 tons of bombs, destroying anti-invasion equipment and de-mining many areas.
		The Invasion of Normandy not only was the turning point of the World War II, but also directly led to the liberation of Western Europe from the Nazi regime.
		By the time the invasion took place, the German’s were so convinced that the invasion would take place at Pas de Calais that even after a few hours of the Normandy invasion they still believed the main invasion would be there.
	www.planetpapers.com /Assets/4990.php (1631 words)

	Normandy Invasion, June 1944
		Invasion shipping, nearly sixty separate convoys in the initial assault, with more behind, headed for the target area via a wide-topped "Tandquot-shaped route, gathering off the Isle of Wight from various ports along England's southern coast, then turning south to cross the Channel in the recently swept lanes.
		The Normandy invasion took place in the Bay of the Seine, on the south side of the English Channel between the Cotentin Peninsula and the port of Le Havre.
		To protect the invasion zone's western extremity, and to facilitate the "Utah" landing force's movement into the Cotentin Peninsula, the U.S. 82nd and 101st Airborne Divisions descended by parachute and glider in the small hours of "D-Day", 6 June 1944.
	www.battle-fleet.com /pw/his/norm.htm (1353 words)

	Province of Normandy, France
		Normandy's principal cities are Caen, Cherbourg, Le Havre, and Rouen.
		Normandy lost its status as a province and administrative unit in 1790 and was divided into the departments of Calvados, Eure, Manche, Orne, and Seine-Maritime.
		In World War II the Normandy Invasion was the first step in the Allied invasion of Europe.
	www.discoverfrance.net /France/Provinces/Normandy.shtml (1230 words)

	[No title]
		The men who survived the Normandy battles were to fight a desperate rearguard action until they reached the relative safety of Holland, or the borders of Western Germany.
		The Normandy invasion began with overnight airborne paratrooper and glider landings, massive air and naval bombardments, and an early morning amphibious assault on June 6, "D-day".
		The Battle of Normandy was fought in 1944 between the German forces occupying Western Europe and the invading Allied forces as part of the larger conflict of World War II.
	www.lycos.com /info/normandy--normandy-invasion.html (474 words)

	Normandy
		As the tide of battle in World War II began to turn in favour of the Allies, the U.S. Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower had the task of forming the largest invasion fleet in history in order to effect an amphibious landing on the northern coast of France.
		While the invasion plans were being formed by American and British commanders in England, Field Marshal Erwin Rommel, the German commander charged with resisting the expected invasion, was strengthening the German defensive fortifications on the coastline of France by the construction of underwater obstacles, bombproof bunkers, and minefields.
		The invasion of northern France from England was launched not in May, as its planners had initially prescribed, but on June 6, the famous “D-Day” of World War II.
	www.puhsd.k12.ca.us /chana/staffpages/eichman/Adult_School/us/spring/world_war_ii/normandy.htm (766 words)

	D-Day Invasion at Normandy - All Empires
		The D-Day Invasion of Normandy laid a beachhead for the Allies on the Western Front of Europe.
		However, the invasion was pushed back by the Russians with great victories at Kursk and Stalingrad, and the Russians made an immediate counterattack in December of 1941.
		The D-Day Invasion of Normandy is a great part of American history that has had a great impact on the world in which we live in today.
	www.allempires.com /article/index.php?q=d-day (1788 words)

	Normandy Invasion
		During late July and August while the Canadian and British forces held most of the German formations on the eastern sector, the American Army broke the German line at St-Lô.
		The possibility of a massive pincer movement to encircle the German armies in Normandy was presented to the Allied commanders.
		Canadian forces suffered 18,444 casualties during the Normandy fighting.
	www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com /index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&Params=A1ARTA0005784 (414 words)

	Normandy
		A great invasion force stood off the Normandy coast of France as dawn broke on 6 June 1944: 9 battleships, 23 cruisers, 104 destroyers, and 71 large landing craft of various descriptions as well as troop transports, mine sweepers, and merchantmen—in all, nearly 5,000 ships of every type, the largest armada ever assembled.
		The Allied buildup was proceeding at a frenzied pace, mainly in the south of England opposite Normandy.
		Since the regions near the mouths of Normandy's rivers and streams were often reclaimed marshlands, the field marshal had his engineers return them to their natural state by opening dikes and floodgates that held in check spring overflows.
	www.army.mil /cmh-pg/brochures/normandy/nor-pam.htm (12326 words)

	Normandy Invasion
		During late July and August while the Canadian and British forces held most of the German formations on the eastern sector, the American Army broke the German line at St-Lô.
		The possibility of a massive pincer movement to encircle the German armies in Normandy was presented to the Allied commanders.
		Canadian forces suffered 18,444 casualties during the Normandy fighting.
	www.canadianencyclopedia.ca /index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&Params=A1ARTA0005784 (414 words)

	Museums
		The museum is easily reached from the N 13 peripherique which circles Caen to the north; signs mark the turn from all directions.
		The museum's aim, "to set the operations of 6 June 1944 and the Battle of Normandy into the context of the Second World War by recalling the conflict's distant origins and its many consequences," is achieved in displays, A-V presentations, photographs, and artifacts.
		Memorial should not be missed by anyone traveling through Normandy, regardless of their interest in military history.
	www.history.rochester.edu /mtv/museums.htm (1569 words)

	History: D-Day: The Invasion of Normandy
		When on D-Day-June 6, 1944-Allied armies landed in Normandy on the northwestern coast of France, possibly the one most critical event of World War II unfolded; for upon the outcome of the invasion hung the fate of Europe.
		The invasion also involved a long-range deception plan on a scale the world had never before seen and the clandestine operations of tens of thousands of Allied resistance fighters in Nazi-occupied countries of western Europe.
		Also, German intelligence thought that the Allies had 90 divisions ready for the invasion (really only 39), so that even after the invasion of Normandy, the belief could still exist that Normandy was just a preliminary measure and the main invasion of the Pas de Calais was still to come.
	www.cyberessays.com /History/124.htm (1153 words)

	The invasion to normandy
		The Starting plan was that Normandy was to be invaded first with three divisions and two air-dropped brigades.
		The invasion was to be made mainly on five main beaches, the Omaha, the Juno, the Sword, the Utah and the Gold.
		At the Utah Beach was the oldest soldier in the Invasion, general Theodore Roosevelt.
	www.info.tampere.fi /a/amuri/tyot/Invasion.htm (1472 words)

	The Coast Guard at Normandy
		The intense training, combined with the experience gained during the invasions in the Mediterranean, was critical to ensuring a successful landing of troops and supplies on the beaches.
		The invasion fleet restlessly sortied from their British ports on June 4, but the weather worsened to the point that Eisenhower postponed the invasion for 24 hours.
		It was their job to get the soldiers to the beaches in order for the invasion and liberation of Europe to succeed; the assault troops were useless unless they made it ashore in a condition to fight.
	www.uscg.mil /hq/g-cp/history/h_normandy.html (7613 words)

	The Invasion of Normandy
		They decided to attempt an invasion of Europe: Operation “Overlord,” from the basis of Operation “Roundup” was initiated.
		Originally the invasion was meant to begin in May, as the Allies had planned a year ago in Washington, but it was moved to June because of difficulties.
		The Germans thought that the main invasion would be done in Pas de Calais and sent most of their troops there.
	www.info.tampere.fi /a/amuri/tyot/TheNormandy.htm (1336 words)

	The Normandy Invasion June 6, 1944 - World War II Multimedia Database
		A French woman living on the coast describes the Normandy invasion.
		Index to HyperWar contents on Operation OVERLORD: the Allied invasion of Normandy in June 1944 (D-Day).
		D-Day: Participants describe the planning and execution of the Normandy invasion during World War II, and the battle for the French beaches.
	www.worldwar2database.com /html/normandy.htm (1660 words)

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