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Topic: Normative ethics

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Ethics

Applied ethics

Descriptive ethics

Metaethics

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	Normative ethics - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Normative ethics is the branch of the philosophical study of ethics concerned with classifying actions as right and wrong, as opposed to descriptive ethics.
		Normative ethics regards ethics as a set of norms related to actions.
		Moreover, because it examines standards for the rightness and wrongness of actions, normative ethics is distinct from meta-ethics, which studies the nature of moral statements, and from applied ethics, which places normative rules in practical contexts.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Normative_ethics (302 words)

	Ethics - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Ethics (from the Ancient Greek "ethikos", meaning "arising from habit") is one of the major branches of philosophy, one that covers the analysis and employment of concepts such as right, wrong, good, evil, and responsibility.
		Normative ethicists who follow the third approach are often called utilitarians or consequentialists, and John Stuart Mill set out a large framework for a utilitarian normative ethics.
		There are several sub-branches of applied ethics examining the ethical problems of different professions, such as business ethics, medical ethics, engineering ethics and legal ethics, while technology assessment and environmental assessment study the effects and implications of new technologies or projects on nature and society.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ethics (2619 words)

	Ethics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		The study of ethics was developed by Epicurus and the epicurean movement and by Zeno and the stoics.
		Ethics is inseparable from economics in some theories notably Marxism and social ecology from feminism and from gender in Queer studies.
		In analytic philosophy ethics is traditionally divided into three Metaethics Normative ethics (including value theory and the theory of conduct) and applied ethics - which is seen to be top-down from normative and thus meta-ethics.
	www.freeglossary.com /Ethics (2809 words)

	sociology - Ethics
		Ethics is a general term for what is often described as the "science (study) of morality".
		Professionals usually use or interpret "ethics" to refer to elements of professional practice that are part of dispute resolution or which have some great potential for: bodily harm, urban planning, medicine, law, politics and theories of civics.
		In analytic philosophy, ethics is traditionally divided into three fields: Metaethics, Normative ethics (including value theory and the theory of conduct) and applied ethics – which is seen to be derived, top-down, from normative and thus meta-ethics.
	www.aboutsociology.com /sociology/Ethics (2691 words)

	Online Ethics Center: Glossary of Ethical Terms (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Normative evaluation is a judgment as to whether something is good or bad in some respects, a value judgment ; Evaluation of the results is assessment of what test results indicate about some natural phenomena, or about the performance of some human artifact.
		In research ethics the term "falsification" means changing or misrepresenting data or experiments, or misrepresenting other significant matters, such as the credentials of an investigator in a research proposal.
		Some professional codes of ethics uphold the right of a member to refuse work that would compromise that person's ethical commitments even if the act in question (say, performing an abortion or developing weapons systems) is something that the profession as a whole has not ruled morally objectionable.
	www.onlineethics.org /glossary.html (9020 words)

	Ethics [Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Normative ethics takes on a more practical task, which is to arrive at moral standards that regulate right and wrong conduct.
		When compared to normative ethics and applied ethics, the field of metaethics is the least precisely defined area of moral philosophy.
		Applied ethics is the branch of ethics which consists of the analysis of specific, controversial moral issues such as abortion, animal rights, or euthanasia.
	www.utm.edu /research/iep/e/ethics.htm (6475 words)

	Normative Ethics
		Normative ethics is the attempt to provide a general theory that tells us how we ought to live.
		Unlike metaethics, normative ethics does not attempt to tell us what moral properties are, and unlike applied ethics, it does not attempt to tell us what specific things have those properties.
		Normative theories of the second type, deontological theories, concentrate on the act being performed.
	www.moralphilosophy.info /normativeethics.html (402 words)

	Normative Ethics: 5 Questions - Automatic Press / VIP
		Normative Ethics: 5 Questions is a collection of short interviews with some of the most influential philosophers in normative ethics.
		Starting with the biographical question of why they were initially drawn to their field, the interview proceeds with question about their views on normative ethics, its aim, scope, prospect and future direction and how their work fits in these regards.
		The collection, which, to our knowledge and surprise, is completely unprecedented, is both a "popular" way of conveying the importance of normative ethics and gives insight to student, teachers and researchers into how leading scholars view their own field.
	www.normativeethics.com (118 words)

	Normative Ethics Philosophy Society
		Ethics and science in The University of BergenPå Høyden, Norway - Sep 7, 2006...
		It is grounded in the public ethics, reports to the general public and...
		that is, "recognition by the state of the various normative and conflict...
	www.iaswww.com /ODP/Society/Philosophy/Ethics/Normative (333 words)

	Normative ethics* (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Normative ethics is the branch of philosophical ethics involved in classifying human acts as right or wrong, and what ‘ought to be’ in any situation.
		We use normative ethical theories in order to observe societal actions and to make judgments on what should be the correct course of action.
		Normative ethical analysis involves a logical approach to the influences and consequences of an action to determine who benefits and what their motivation was in order to uncover the morality of the action.
	www.cit.gu.edu.au /teaching/2166CIT/Normative_Theories/index.htm (219 words)

	Principles of Normative Ethics
		Ethics is about what ought to be, not what is. We simply would not need to consider what we ought to do if we always did it as a matter of course.
		For example, a Normative Ethical Principle such as the principle of utility (Utilitarian ethics) or the categorical imperative (Kantian ethics) is not subject to one's subjective viewpoints.
		The word "normative" refers to guidelines or norms and is often used interchangeably with the word "prescriptive." Normative ethical theories are Kantian ethics, Virtue ethics, Utilitarian ethics, and so on.
	www.stedwards.edu /ursery/norm.htm (1636 words)

	CHAPTER VII (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Since normative ethics for the process thinker cannot be derived from human nature, it must be oriented to human values.
		If, then, we ask not for the distinctiveness of Christian ethics when ethics is strictly understood, but for the distinctive place of ethics in Christianity, the distinctive Christian understanding of the nature of things and the distinctive Christian judgments of value, we will have a rich field for discussion.
		Aristotle's ethics is profoundly correct in pointing out that we have the capacity to judge the judges of value beyond the capacity to judge of the values judged.
	www.crvp.org /book/Series01/I-12/chapter_vii.htm (3664 words)

	More on Ethics
		The study of analytic ethics went on with G. Moore and W. Ross, followed by the emotivists, C. Stevenson and A. Ayer.
		* Professionals usually use or interpret "ethics" to refer to elements of professional practice that are part of dispute resolution or which have some great potential for: bodily harm, urban planning, medicine, law, politics and theories of civics.
		The term ethics is actually derived from the ancient Greek ethos, meaning moral character [1] (http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=ethics).
	www.artilifes.com /ethics.htm (2841 words)

	Ethics
		Although not developed in a formal and analystical sense, the subject of ethics was of great concerns to the writers of the Hebrew Bible, and centuries later, the New Testament and the Apocrypha.
		The formal study of philosophy stagnated until the medieval era, where it gained a new stregth through the writings of Maimonides, Saint Thomas Aquinas and others.
		It was at this time that the debate bewteen ethics based on natural law and divine law gained a new importance.
	www.gamesinathens.com /olympics/e/et/ethics_1.shtml (1939 words)

	More About Normative Ethics
		Teleological systems of ethics attempt to define actions as intrinsically right if (a) they bring desirable consequences or (b) the actions or the agent are fulfilling their intrinsic purposes.
		Situation ethics also attempts to produce the greatest happiness in any given situation, by judging, not a course of action, but by assessing the consequences which are likely to result in each situation.
		Shakespeare's 'Measure for Measure' explores this concept nicely as Isabella's brother Claudio is condemned to death for fornication despite (a) being engaged to the young woman involved and (b) her being about to give birth to their baby, which would leave the baby fatherless.
	homepage.ntlworld.com /rsposse/normethics.htm (738 words)

	Ethics
		Normative ethics: the search for a principle (or principles) that guide or regulate human conduct—that tell us what is right or wrong.
		Applied ethics: the study of specific problems or issues with the use or application of moral ideas investigated in normative ethics and based on the lessons of metaethics.
		Of all the areas of philosophy, ethics is the one that seems most pertinent to us and it is no exaggeration to say that everyone is engaged in ethical thought at most times in their lives, knowingly or otherwise.
	www.galilean-library.org /int11.html (9404 words)

	Normative Ethics Quentin Smith
		Perfectionist ethics (or at least what Hurka calls “narrow perfectionism,” which is his topic) is based on the idea that the good is the development of human nature.
		Once he selects the best definition, he will proceed to construct the details of a normative ethics that is based on the idea that the moral goal is the development of human nature as specified in that definition.
		Other normative ethics, such as Kantian or social contractarian ethics, also imply that the morally best person is the person who is most altruistic or most advances the civil rights of other people.
	www.qsmithwmu.com /normative_ethics_quentin_smith.htm (16423 words)

	Introduction to Ethics (lecture notes: normative ethics)
		The second argument involves the observation that a purely altruistic approach to ethics would be overly demanding, by treating each person as a means, or resource, for other people, and thus fails to respect the integrity and independence of the individual human life.
		The ethics of care seems to do a better job than traditional, principle-based, approaches to morality of explaining the special obligations that most people feel they have towards their family and friends.
		The ethics of care seems to do a worse job than traditional, principle-based, approaches to morality of explaining obligations that most people feel they have towards animals with whom they are not personally involved.
	web.ku.edu /~utile/courses/ethics10/notes_normative_ethics.html (8965 words)

	Online Guide to Ethics and Moral Philosophy
		Discussions about whether ethics is relative and whether we always act from self-interest are examples of meta-ethical discussions.
		Normative ethics is interested in determining the content of our moral behavior.
		The moral theories of Kant and Bentham are examples of normative theories that seek to provide guidelines for determining a specific course of moral action.
	caae.phil.cmu.edu /Cavalier/80130/part2/II_preface.html (237 words)

	Normative Ethics
		The subject matter of normative ethics is closely bound up with the
		normative ethics can succeed or not is a different question.
		So, yes, there is such a subject as normative ethics.
	www.ethicscommittee.ca /normative-ethics.php (728 words)

	BSET Members Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Ethics and the history of ethics (esp. Hume), moral psychology, and virtue theory.
		Ethics and Social/Political Philosophy with special interest in topics in punishment and corrections; applications of modern psychodynamic theory to the ethics of virtue and character.
		Normative ethics, political philosophy, and some of the substantive (philosophical foundations of) areas of philosophy of law.
	www.bset.org.uk /members.html (1600 words)

	Non-Normative Ethics
		This does not seem to be the case with normative language.
		It is important to recognize the difference between descriptive and normative propositions because they serve radically different functions in human communication.
		Normative language, on the other hand, expresses our desires beyond mere survival; it helps us form a concept of what we want our lives to be, or the meaning we wish to find in it.
	www.mc.maricopa.edu /~bfvaughan/ic/101/notes/unit2/intro2.html (1191 words)

	John Mizzoni
		Normative ethical theories thus provide guidance about what we ought to do or what kind of persons we ought to become, while metaethical theories do not.
		I hope to show how, at the foundation of all normative ethics, there are evolutionary dispositions that subtly influence us and help to shape our ethical frameworks.
		If we are to expose the nature of ethics and provide a full account of the foundations of ethics we must show how normative ethics fits with an evolutionary account.
	www.ishpssb.org /ocs/viewpaper.php?id=226&print=1 (355 words)

	SEP: Personal Identity and Ethics
		The key for Locke, regarding the normativity of both prudence and moral responsibility, is that what grounds the various patterns of concern is the identity relation, a relation uniquely unifying temporally distinct person-stages via consciousness.
		This move might, then, have allowed for the possibility of the admission of degrees into the normative arena, implying, for example, a reduction in the degrees of moral responsibility corresponding to a reduction in the degree of memory that obtains.
		A third argument that ethics constrains metaphysics insists that, because our commonsense intuitions are at loggerheads over the thought experiments motivating the various metaphysical theories, the only plausible methodological solution to this underlying conflict is going to be revisionary, requiring us to abandon one of the conflicting sets of intuitions.
	plato.stanford.edu /entries/identity-ethics (13457 words)

	Philosophical Ethics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Moral philosophy is standardly divided into metaethics and normative ethics.
		Normative ethics concerns itself with the substantive ethical questions we all face, such as "What has value?" and "What are our moral obligations?" Metaethics, on the other hand, asks philosophical questions about ethics, rather than ethical questions per se.
		I use the term 'philosophical ethics' to refer to the project of integrating metaethics and normative ethics in a systematic way, trying to gain insight into what is valuable and obligatory (normatively) by understanding what value and obligation are (metaethically).
	www-personal.umich.edu /~sdarwall/Phil361.html (169 words)

	Philosophy of Ethics
		The Philosophy of Ethics can be described as the "science of morality".
		The term ethics is actually derived from the ancient Greek ethos, meaning moral character.
		The Metaphysical Elements of Ethics by Immanuel Kant
	www.philosophyarchive.com /concept.php?philosophy=Ethics (1739 words)

	Normative Ethics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Normative ethical systems typically divide into three distinct groups:
		Deontological Ethics - maintains the rightness of an action is determined by some feature of the action itself, and
		Virtue (or Aretaic) Ethics - maintains that the rightness of an action is in some way determined by the character of the moral agent.
	www.mc.maricopa.edu /~bfvaughan/text/lex/defs/normative.html (81 words)

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