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Topic: Norn language

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	Orkneyjar - Norn, the language of Orkney
		For almost 1,000 years, the language of the people of Orkney was a variant of Old Norse known as Norrœna, or Norn.
		The sheer scale of the Norse settlement of Orkney saw their language obliterate whatever indigenous language was spoken in Orkney.
		Norn remained the language of Orkney until the early 15th century, but, contrary to popular belief, its decline began well before the islands were annexed to Scotland in 1468.
	www.orkneyjar.com /orkney/norn.htm (625 words)

	Germanic Languages
		It is the official language of Sweden and is one of the official languages of Finland.
		Norn was a mixed language of West Norse and Irish spoken in the Shetland Islands.
		West Norse is the western branch of the North Germanic languages used in Iceland, Ireland, Norway, the Hebrides, Orkney, Shetland, and the Faroe Islands.
	softrat.home.mindspring.com /germanic.html (3010 words)

	Norn - Creatures Wiki - A Wikia wiki
		Norns (Cyberlifogenis cutis) are a species of creature, created by the Shee to entertain them and serve tea and biscuits.
		Norns, like other creatures, do not naturally speak Handish, and must be taught it via a Computer, or other tools such as the Super Speech Toy.
		The name "norn" came from Norse mythology and refers to "the three old women who sit round a giant tree spinning men's fates." (from Tips.txt).
	creatures.wikia.com /wiki/Norn (308 words)

	[No title]
		I. 106 ``The language of the Sandwich Isles is almost identically the same with that of Otaheite.
		Norn (1774) Low Tour Orkney and Schetland 196 ``They speak the English language with a good deal of the Norn accent.
		, ``Causes of the purity of the Scotch dialect of this ancient language.
	www.chass.utoronto.ca /~cpercy/courses/5002OED18thLanguage.htm (1744 words)

	BBC - Voices - Multilingual Nation
		Viking settlements in the Northern Highlands and Northern Isles from the end of the 8th century established the Norn language which survived in Caithness, Orkney and Shetland until the eighteenth century.
		This speech was known firstly as Inglis, and later as Scots, and it rapidly became the predominant language of the Scottish Lowlands, meaning that by the later middle ages Gaelic had retreated to the Highlands and Hebrides, which maintained some degree of independence within the Scottish state.
		Further setbacks for the language were loss of life in the Napoleonic Wars, the ensuing Highland Clearances, potato famine in the 1840s, and economic marginalisation and underdevelopment which engendered large-scale migration to the Lowlands and overseas.
	www.bbc.co.uk /voices/multilingual/scots_gaelic_history.shtml (495 words)

	Norn language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The two main conjugations of verbs in present and past tense were also present and like all other North Germanic languages, it used a suffix instead of a propositioned article to indicate definiteness as in Danish/Norwegian/Swedish today: man(n) ("man"); mannen ("the man").
		Barnes, Michael P. The Norn Language of Orkney and Shetland.
		An Etymological Dictionary of the Norn Language in Shetland.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Norn_language (760 words)

	The Scandinavian Languages: Their Histories and Relationships
		The language of Scandinavia was a form of proto-Germanic that showed up in runic inscriptions which gives a very primitive view of the language structure.
		There was also a language called Norn spoken in the Shetland Islands, a remnant of the Norse conquest and and centuries-long occupation by the Vikings, but it became extinct in the 1600's.
		Scandinavians are not likely to accept such a overhaul of their languages when they have been perplexed at the relatively minor tinkering with spelling that has ocurred, especially if the overhaul is intended to undo all the past tinkering.
	www.sjsu.edu /faculty/watkins/scandilan.htm (1314 words)

	Hand of Fate (chap 1)
		It was the first time she had got a look at herself, she had a type J norn head and limbs and a type B body complete with a short fluffy tail.
		When the Norns started to approach her, her temporary paralysis vanished and she leapt to her feet, tripped and went hurtling over into the ocean.
		As ancient as they were, the Norns had flippin’ good reflexes and caught her by the hand just before she vanished forever beneath the cold,cruel depths.
	www.angelfire.com /games/cavenorn/hof1.htm (1100 words)

	What is 'Shetlandic'
		The exact time and manner of the replacement of the Nordic language Norn by the form of Scots which is modern Shetlandic is disputed.
		The 'language death' view recognises that, whereas there may have been a stage where Norn was increasingly influenced by Scots features, there must nevertheless have been a point where, both individually and collectively, Norn was abandoned and Scots adopted.
		To characterise Shetlandic as a form of Scots is not to underestimate the profound influence of Norn upon its vocabulary in particular.
	myweb.tiscali.co.uk /wirhoose/but/zet/norn.htm (2404 words)

	www.faroestamps.fo
		During the Reformation the native language was to replace Latin in the church, but since the Faroes were a part of the Danish-Norwegian Kingdom, the language of the church became Danish, not Faroese.
		During the 18th century researchers began to be seriously interested in the Faroese language, and the first dictionary was written, but the authors, J.C. Svabo and N. Mohr had to create their own orthography, a kind of phonetics.
		When at the end of the 19th century the language was almost extinct, it was rescued from total obscurity at the last minute thanks to Jakob Jakobsen's works on the Norse languages of the Shetland Islands, Nordic place-names and an etymological dictionary.
	www.faroestamps.fo /index.php?side=8fe0c043ccc54f5ffc9da990533376cd (1817 words)

	TreeSprite's Creatures Grove \| Tips & Tricks \| Creatures (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		If your Norns are not kissPopping, try using the aphrodisiacs in the Breeder's Kit or take them to the island of love (desert island, left hand side) and play the Love Horn instrument to encourage them to be "friendly." Finally, there is the possibility that one or both are sterile.
		Norns cannot pass their knowledge (learned behavior) onto their children genetically (this is known as laMarckian evolution and as far as most scientists know, does not exist in the natural world.
		Norns, like small children, will not always do what they're told and so they have to be gently persuaded to do what you want them to do.
	creatures.treesprite.com /Tips2QA.html (2821 words)

	Help Me Fill in the Blanks on Flickr - Photo Sharing!
		Norn is a dialect of Norse once widespread in Shetland.
		Bretons are annoyed that a minority language (French) has official status in another country and yet the French state does not allow their language this status, despite the fact that Breton predates French by many centuries.
		Although the UK recognises Welsh and Scottish Gaelic as official languages the only areas you come across material written in those languages is in the areas where its spoken.
	www.flickr.com /photos/96933921@N00/157279954 (1062 words)

	(Text Template)
		The low esteem accorded to the Scots language and its varieties has led to a lack of coherence in how it is perceived which might aptly be described as schizoglossia.
		Its role as the language of some of Scotland's greatest poets contrasts sharply with the stigma attached to it as the language of the uneducated, and with the efforts which the upwardly mobile expend in expunging it from their own speech and that of their children.
		Whereas academic study in Gaelic encompasses all the elements which one would expect of language study, academic study of Scots is almost totally passive, concerned with the study of texts as literature, and of oral material from a descriptive linguistic standpoint.
	myweb.tiscali.co.uk /wirhoose/but/wan/anglic.htm (4229 words)

	Verbix -- Germanic languages: conjugate Old Norse verbs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Old Norse is classical North Germanic language used from roughly 1150 to 1350.
		Old Norse is the literary language of the Icelandic sagas, skaldic poems, and Eddas.
		Old Norse is the parent language of the three modern languages, Icelandic, Faroese, and Norwegian, and one extinct language called Norn.
	www.verbix.com /languages/oldnorse.shtml (107 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Norn language
		Norn is an extinct North Germanic language that was spoken on Shetland and Orkney, off the north coast of mainland Scotland, and in Caithness.
		The two main conjugations of verbs in present and past tense were also present and like all other North Germanic languages, it used a suffix instead of a prepositioned article to indicate definiteness as in Danish/Norwegian/Swedish today: man(n) ("man"); mannen ("the man").
		Barnes, Michael P. The Norn Language of Orkney & Shetland.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Norn_language (697 words)

	Dr Hugh Marwick OBE
		The Orkney Norn is a wide ranging and detailed survey of the Norn language in Orkney.
		To this book Marwick prefixed a valuable introduction on the history of the Norn language in Orkney, discussed the scanty fragments of rhymes, riddles etc that he had noted, and traced the phonological development of the language from Old Norse.
		The approach he took was to analyse the farm-names from linguistic, historical and topographical angles comparing information he found about the farms and what they paid in tax in the old rentals with conditions prevalent during his research.
	www.brinnoven.co.uk /old/publishing/hughmar.html (1234 words)

	martinimade: it's an odd place, the subconscious
		First, "Norn" is the ancient language (derived from Old Norse) of the Orkney Islands, a place I've been fantasizing about visiting ever since I first read Iain Banks' The Wasp Factory.
		Norn the language looks like this, which is a sample of the Lord's Prayer:
		While I can see a loose connection between Norn and knitting in the clear light of day, I would swear on the holy book of your choice that I had no idea that Norn was also a language spoken on an island know for its knitting.
	www.martinimade.com /martinimade/2004/11/its_an_odd_plac.html (1084 words)

	Caithness
		A dialect of the Norn language was spoken, although almost nothing is known about it.
		Both grey and common seals come close to the shore to feed, rest and raise their pups, and otters can be seen close to river mouths in some of the quieter locations.
		The Cait element of Caithness is Pictish or Goidelic in origin but the origin of Caithness is Norse or Norn, and may be read as meaning Horn (or Nose) of Cait.
	www.ufaqs.com /wiki/en/ca/Caithness.htm (1311 words)

	Old Norse language, alphabet and pronunciation
		Old Norse, the language of the Vikings, is a North Germanic language once spoken in Scandinavia, the Faroe Islands, Iceland, Greenland, and in parts of Russia, France and the British Isles.
		The modern language most closely related to Old Norse is Icelandic, the written form of which has changed little over the years, while the spoken form has undergone significant changes.
		The earliest known inscriptions in Scandinavia date from the the 2nd century AD and were written in Runes mainly on stone, or on personal artifacts such as brooches and swords.
	www.omniglot.com /writing/oldnorse.htm (284 words)

	Orkneyjar - Examples of Norn
		As I mention on the main page dealing with Orkney Norn, although Orcadians spoke the language for nearly 1,000 years, few, if any, wrote or could write a word of it.
		Because of this we have very little idea as to the structure of the language.
		Some time between 1529 and 1657, a mysterious character known only as Jo Ben travelled the length and breadth of Orkney, documenting his thoughts and discoveries in a form of diary.
	www.orkneyjar.com /orkney/nornprayer.htm (234 words)

	NornenMeister - Creatures Wiki - A Wikia wiki
		Vulkanausbruch auf Albia (Vulcano Eruption): The grendels have exploded the volcano.
		Some norns, grendels and ettins are available for download.
		The Custom Norn Maker from Daniel Mewes can also be found here.
	creatures.wikia.com /wiki/NornenMeister (262 words)

	p o l k a d o t m i t t e n s \| field-names of Harray
		In the case of it being landlocked, the effect is that names are centred upon the features of the land, hardly any reference being made to the sea or to areas across the sea.
		In the case of the Norn language remaining in use longer than elsewhere, this may explain why the field-names in my source are so overwhelmingly Norse in origin - their use continuing because the meaning was understood for longer.
		Unlike place-names, which are used by the many, field-names are used by the few, and so it is remarkable that so many had continued in the remembrance of the older generation at least for so long.
	www.polkadotmittens.co.uk /names/field_names.html (2433 words)

	Indo-European
		For an attractive and spirited introduction to the relation of Old Norse to English and other languages, see: It is, however, slighly inexact, cf.
		Old Norse or Danish tongue is the Germanic language once spoken by the inhabitants of the Nordic countries (for instance during the Viking Age).
		In the 11th century, it was the most widely spoken European language, ranging from the Icelandic settlements in Vinland and Greenland to the Swedish settlements in Russia in the East, and to the Danish settlements in England and Normandy in the south.
	starfsfolk.khi.is /helgisk/indo-european.htm (521 words)

	Old Norse language
		Old Norse was the Germanic language once spoken by the inhabitants of the Nordic countries (for instance during the Viking Age).
		Its modern descendants are the West Scandinavian languages of Icelandic, Norwegian, Faroese and the extinct Norn language of the Orkney and the Shetland Islands as well as the East Scandinavian languages of Swedish and Danish.
		Norwegian was later heavily influenced by East Scandinavian.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/ol/Old_Norse.html (138 words)

	THE GOLD RING CD & BOOK STORE - BOOKS, CELTIC LANGUAGES (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Language shift among schoolchildren in Gaeltacht areas, 1974-1984 : an analysis of the distribution of ¹10 grant qualifiers.
		A Pronouncing and Etymological Dictionary of the Gaelic Language : Gaelic-English, English-Gaelic.
		Wales and her language, considered from a historical, educational, and social standpoint : with remarks on modern Welsh literature.
	www.goldring.org /GOLDWB17.HTM (1037 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		xxvii): “The two tongues (Norn and Scots) were cognate; many words were practically identical inoth, and, before the one lapsed, each language must have been largely stocked with words from the other.
		Wlhat probably happened was that tlhe common everyday phraseology of Norn ceased and was replaced by the corresponding Scots terms of speech.
		The main portion of it is Lowland Scottish, embracing most of the words in daily use as well as inflectional forms; but the older stratum in the language, the Norn, still makes its influence strongly felt.
	www.dsl.ac.uk /dsl/INTRO/xx29 (708 words)

	Early 16th Century Scottish Lowland Names
		In the 16th century, the language of the Scottish Lowlands, including the towns and royal court, was Scots; it was closely related to contemporary English.
		In contrast, in the Highlands and Western Isles, a very different language, Gaelic, was spoken; it was the same language as that spoken in Ireland.
		A third language, Norn, was spoken in the Northern Isles; it was closely related to Norse.
	www.medievalscotland.org /scotnames/lowland16 (1291 words)

	Speak Norn Iron
		We are here to help you avoid situations that may arise if you can't understand what a Belfastian is saying to you.
		We're proud to tell you that "Nan" has since mastered the language and she claims her favourite phrase is, "Shut yer bake dickbox."
		All pictures are property of their respective owners, except all original pictures which are owned by me. All text is property of Speak Norn Iron and may NOT be reproduced, in whole or in part, without prior written consent.
	speaknorniron.8m.net (700 words)

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