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	Population Council \| Norplant Implants
		Norplant implants may be used by almost any woman in her fertile years who wants to avoid pregnancy.
		Norplant implants should not be used by women who have: active thromboembolic disorders, such as blood clots in the legs, lungs, or eyes; undiagnosed genital bleeding; acute liver disease; known or suspected carcinoma of the breast; and a history of idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH).
		Norplant implants are estrogen-free and many women and their healthcare providers choose the method for exactly this reason.
	www.popcouncil.org /biomed/norplantfaq.html (4317 words)

	Norplant - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Norplant was approved by the FDA in 1990 and released in the United States in 1991 by Wyeth Pharmaceuticals.
		Norplant is implanted under the skin in the upper arm of a woman, by creating a small incision and inserting the capsules in a fanlike shape.
		Norplant works by preventing ovulation, which means that no eggs are released for fertilization; by thickening the mucus of the uterus, which prevents sperm from entering; and by thinning the lining of the uterus, which makes implantation of an egg less likely.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Norplant (804 words)

	Body As Battleground
		The Indonesian Norplant program is administered by the Indonesian Department of Public Health, and funded by the Population Council and the United Nations Fund for Population Activities.
		Even in the United States, Norplant is already clearly being used in coercive ways; for instance, in the case of Darlene Johnson, who was convicted of child abuse and sentenced to Norplant.
		Norplant is as effective a method of forced birth control as sterilization, and much easier to carry out.
	www.dickshovel.com /norplant.html (831 words)

	Norplant
		The WHO concludes that Norplant implants are an "effective and reversible long-term method of fertility regulation, particularly advantageous to women who wish an extended period of contraceptive protection." 1985 Sweden, Ecuador, and Indonesia approve Norplant.
		1990 Norplant is approved by Bangladesh, Singapore, the U.S., and Malaysia and preintorduction studies begin in Bolivia and Madagascar.
		Norplant is a birth control method that has come out on the market not too long ago.
	www.csua.berkeley.edu /~monac/norplant.html (1061 words)

	Norplant (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Norplant consists of 6 matchstick sized silicone rubber capsules implanted in a woman’s upper arm.
		Norplant may be removed at any time before that, if pregnancy is desired.
		The Norplant implants are usually inserted under the skin on the inside of a woman’s upper arm in a fan shape (see diagram below).
	www.csun.edu /~shcenter/factcards/Norplant.htm (385 words)

	norplant drug information, norplant side effects
		Norplant is a new contraceptive that became commercially...
		Norplant is a form of birth control first approved in 1983 in Finland where it...
		Norplant was approved by the FDA in 1990 and released in the United States in...
	www.drugs.com /sch/norplant (437 words)

	Norplant \| Caremark Health Resources
		Norplant is a hormonal method of birth control that's more than 99 percent effective.
		Norplant capsules are inserted into a layer of fat underneath your skin; they shouldn't be noticeable unless you're quite thin.
		Norplant isn't a good choice for women who weigh more than 150 pounds, because the amount of progesterone released into the bloodstream might not be enough to prevent ovulation.
	healthresources.caremark.com /topic/topic13098 (523 words)

	Norplant
		Norplant is one of the most effective reversible methods of birth control available in the U.S. It becomes effective within 24 hours of insertion.
		Norplant is actually slightly more effective than sterilization, but the contraceptive effect of Norplant disappears in a few hours after the implants are removed.
		Norplant usually is inserted during the first seven days after the start of your period.
	www.unityhealthcare.org /norplant.htm (765 words)

	American Civil Liberties Union : Norplant: A New Contraceptive with the Potential for Abuse (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Norplant is a new contraceptive that became commercially available in the United States in February, 1991, after its approval by the Food and Drug Administration.
		Norplant consists of six matchstick-size silicone capsules that are inserted in a woman's upper arm.
		Norplant poses particular health risks for women who are overweight, who smoke, or who have diabetes or heart or circulation problems.
	www.aclu.org /ReproductiveRights/ReproductiveRights.cfm?ID=9053&c=225 (1207 words)

	Maryland Center for Maternal and Child Health - Norplant (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Norplant consists of 6 soft capsules which are inserted under the skin of the upper arm.
		Women who are on medications for seizure disorders may have a decrease in the effectiveness of Norplant and should use a different method of birth control.
		Norplant is highly effective and extremely convenient to use.
	www.fha.state.md.us /mch/html/methods/norplant.html (413 words)

	Depo-Provera/Norplant Information on Healthline
		Norplant is a long-acting hormone that is inserted under the skin and prevents conception for up to five years.
		Norplant capsules contain a synthetic hormone that is slowly released over a period of up to five years.
		Norplant should not be used by women who are pregnant, have blood clotting problems, or have unexplained vaginal bleeding.
	www.healthline.com /galecontent/depo-provera-norplant (672 words)

	Critics Challenge the Safety of Norplant
		Norplant is a steroid-based contraceptive that provides continuous contraception to women for at least five years.
		Norplant rods are coated with silicon which is suspected to cause memory loss, muscle pain, depression, auto-immune disorders, infections, seizures, blindness, cancer, and heart attacks, according to a recent report published in the New York Times.
		Several years ago, Norplant achieved some notoriety after it was alleged that before being released in North America and Europe, the contraceptive was tested and developed on women in Bangladesh, often without their informed consent.
	web.mit.edu /africantech/www/articles/Norplant.htm (1021 words)

	Norplant Indications, Dosage, Storage, Stability - Levonorgestrel - RxList Monographs
		The NORPLANT SYSTEM is indicated for the prevention of pregnancy and is a long-term (up to 5 years) reversible contraceptive system.
		However, to maintain effective protection against pregnancy, another method of contraception must be used as soon as menstruation resumes, the frequency or duration of breastfeeds is reduced, bottle feeds are introduced, or the baby reaches 6 months of age.
		NORPLANT SYSTEM (levonorgestrel implants) gross annual discontinuation and continuation rates are summarized in Table 3.
	www.rxlist.com /cgi/generic2/norplant_ids.htm (655 words)

	Contraception: Norplant Implants
		Yet, because of the multitude of side effects associated with Norplant, about half of all users choose not to wait for the five years to be up and remove their implants before the three year mark.
		Norplant is no longer available in many countries, including the United States, due to the severity of side effects experienced by some women.
		Women who currently have Norplant implants may continue to use this form of birth control but will need to use a different form of contraception once the implants are removed.
	www.epigee.org /guide/norplant.html (425 words)

	Norplant
		Norplant is a contraceptive method in which 6 plastic, flexible rods are implanted under the skin of a woman's upper arm.
		Norplant is 99.9% effective at preventing pregnancy, an effectiveness rate that is higher than birth control pills and most IUDs and is comparable to female sterilization.
		Since Norplant does not contain estrogen, you can expect to avoid some of the side effects of many birth control pills such as mood swings, decreased libido, etc. The most frequently reported side effect of Norplant is a change in menstrual patterns; however, side effects vary from woman to woman and cannot be predicted.
	www.brown.edu /Student_Services/Health_Services/Health_Education/sexual_health/ssc/norplant.htm (1007 words)

	Norplant - Symptoms, Treatment and Prevention
		Because Norplant is not a barrier contraceptive, it offers no protection against sexually transmitted diseases such as AIDS, herpes, chlamydia, and gonorrhea.
		Side effects that women have reported with the implant during the first year include irregular menstrual bleeding, headache, nervousness, depression, nausea, dizziness, skin rash, acne, change of appetite, breast tenderness, weight gain, enlargement of the ovaries, and excessive growth of body or facial hair.
		Norplant, on the other hand, provides no cyclic withdrawal and thus each individual creates her own bleeding pattern.
	www.healthscout.com /ency/414/298/main.html (612 words)

	Norplant: Background & PRI Petition
		These possibly Norplant -related conditions have not occurred only in the United States but are part of a larger and continuing pattern of adverse health conditio ns for users worldwide which stretches from relatively wealthy and medically astute American woman to desperately poor women in nations like Bangladesh, Haiti, and Brazil.
		There is evidence which suggests that the organizations responsible for administering Norplant "trials" in the developing world (and collecting data from those "trials") did not inform women as to Norplant's experimental nature, ignored women's problems with the contraceptive and failed to remove the capsules even when asked repeatedly to do so.
		When the Norplant trial ended in 1993, the organizations involved announced that "Norplant is a highly effective, safe and acceptable method among Bangladeshi women." They claimed that less than 3% reported significant medical problems.19 The report did not mention women being denied removal of the implants or the problems with adverse conditions.
	www.pop.org /main.cfm?EID=373 (4440 words)

	The Impact of Norplant on Minority Women
		Many Norplant patients complain of side effects from headaches to minor strokes, and surgeons are having a difficult time removing the implants.
		Norplant is virtually as reliable as sterilization; however the process is reversible through the removal of the implants.
		The court system is not directly forcing the woman to receive the Norplant system, instead the defendant’s sentence is suspended on the condition she accepts Norplant.
	academic.udayton.edu /health/05bioethics/98ludwig.htm (5213 words)

	CWC - Norplant Removal Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The Norplant system was first developed in 1966 by the Population Council’s International Committee for Contraceptive Research (ICCR), and was first approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in December of 1990.
		The contraceptive efficacy of Norplant is one of the highest observed among all contraceptive methods, with an annual pregnancy rate of 0.2% during the first two years of use.
		Although there is unlikely to be any adverse health effects from retained implants, every Norplant system should eventually be removed, either at the end of its five year effective period, or earlier upon patient request.
	www.coffeewomenscenter.com /articles/norplant.html (423 words)

	Norplant (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Norplant is one of the newest and statistically most effective methods of birth control available to women today.
		Norplant is effective for five years, but may be removed earlier if desired.
		Norplant is available in the Williamstown area for a cost of approximately $500.
	wso.williams.edu /orgs/peerh/sex/safesex/norplant.html (193 words)

	Say Good-Bye to Norplant, and Hello to...
		A company spokesperson stated that the decision to no longer manufacture Norplant was due to a limited supply of some ingredients, but many in the public think that the decision was made to avoid future lawsuits.
		Norplant's days as an easy, effective, and convenient form of birth control are over, at least in the US.
		Jadelle, some call it Norplant II, was approved by the FDA in 1996 and licensed to Wyeth, but it never made it to market.
	www.suite101.com /article.cfm/birth_control/93989 (518 words)

	Norplant: Birth Control at Arm's Reach (February 1991)
		Norplant: Birth Control at Arm's Reach by Marian Segal The newest birth control option for women is literally at arm's reach.
		Experimental Attitude Jennifer Collier, a 28-year-old New York law student, entered a study of Norplant at the Robert Wood Johnson Institute in New Brunswick, N.J., in the spring of 1984 and is now on her second implant, inserted last June.
		"Norplant, on the other hand," says Rarick, "provides no cyclic withdrawal, and thus each individual creates her own bleeding pattern." In the multi-center trials, more women had increases in their hemoglobin concentrations than decreases, indicating that they lost less menstrual blood when using Norplant.
	www.fda.gov /bbs/topics/CONSUMER/CON00009.html (1828 words)

	Norplant
		Norplant is like a birth control pill that sits under your skin, slowly leaking out hormones over time-- up to 5 years, in fact.
		Pregnancy is very unlikely with Norplant, but when it does occur, it is much more likely (15%) than average to be an ectopic pregnancy (meaning that the embryo implants somewhere outside the uterus.
		Norplant proved to be extremely effective for me. I didn't have one pregnancy scare the entire time I was on it.
	www.io.com /~wwwomen/contraception/norplant.html (3506 words)

	Maker of Norplant Decides to Take Product Off Market (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		When Norplant was introduced in 1990, the implantable contraceptive was heralded as a significant option for American women, the first new method of birth control in 20 years.
		And hundreds of lawsuits alleging problems with Norplant were filed on behalf of women who claimed they had not been adequately informed of the contraceptive's risks.
		Norplant, which is sold in nearly 60 countries, was used by more than 1 million Americans at its peak.
	www.pharmacyforum.com /maker_of_norplant_decides_to_tak.htm (684 words)

	American Life League 2006 - What is Norplant? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The "Norplant System" is a birth control method involving surgical insertion of six flexible matchstick-size rods into the inner upper arm of a woman.
		As the woman lies on the doctor's examining table, the inside of her upper arm is prepared with antiseptic, and she receives six injections of local anesthetic "to mimic the fanlike position of the implanted capsules." Next, a scalpel is used to cut a 2-mm shallow incision in the woman's arm.
		A fourth woman's Norplant experience included "excessive bleeding for two weeks" (after insertion), with "nausea, dizziness, weight gain...migraine headaches, diminished sex drive...[and] irritability" for the 13 months the Norplant rods were in her arm.
	www.all.org /article.php?id=10174 (3448 words)

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