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Topic: Norse cosmology

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	Norse mythology - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Norse or Scandinavian mythology comprises the pre-Christian religion, beliefs and legends of the Scandinavian people, including those who settled on Iceland, where the written sources for Norse mythology were assembled.
		Norse mythology also influenced Richard Wagner's use of literary themes from it to compose the four operas that comprise Der Ring des Nibelungen (The Ring of the Nibelung).
		Norse mythology has also left a lot of influences in popular culture, in literature and modern fiction, and particularly in fantasy role-playing games.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Norse_mythology (4124 words)

	Learn more about Norse mythology in the online encyclopedia. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		Norse mythology represents the early pre-Christian religion, beliefs and legends of the Scandinavian people, also known as the religion of Ásatrú or Odinism.
		In the Voluspa, Odin, the chief god of the Norse pantheon, has conjured up the spirit of a dead sybil (a prophetess or witch) and commanded this spirit to reveal the past and the future.
		Sol was the goddess of the sun, a daughter of Mundilfari, and wife of Glen.
	www.onlineencyclopedia.org /n/no/norse_mythology_1.html (3340 words)

	Norse mythology
		Today, the mythology is a source of inspiration in literature (see Norse mythological influences on later literature), and as a system of belief it has been revived as the Ásatrú or Odinism.
		Against the gods were arrayed the iotnar, (singular: iotunn or Jotun), the Titans and Gigantes of Norse mythology, generally translated as "giants", although "trolls" and "demons" have been suggested as suitable alternatives.
		More benevolent creatures were Hugin and Munin (thought and memory), the two ravens who kept Odin, the chief god, appraised of what was happening on earth, and Ratatosk, the squirrel which scampered in the branches of the world ash, Yggdrasil which is central to the conception of this world.
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /encyclopedia/n/no/norse_mythology_1.html (3788 words)

	Norse mythology 1 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Look for Norse mythology 1 in Wiktionary, our sister dictionary project.
		Look for Norse mythology 1 in the Commons, our repository for free images, music, sound, and video.
		Check for Norse mythology 1 in the deletion log, or visit its deletion vote page if it exists.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/norse_mythology_1 (166 words)

	Norse cosmology - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Norse cosmology, as it is given us in the source material for Norse mythology recognizes the existence of nine worlds, assigned the ending -heimr (home, realm, or world) or in some cases -garðr (homestead, yard or earth).
		In the latter cases, there is always also some kind of construction with the same name centrally located in the world.
		The underworld Hel is generally said to border or be situated in Niflheim, yielding a more layered cosmology, something like the chart below.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Norse_cosmology (333 words)

	Norse Wicca
		She is among the most powerful of the Norse goddesses, as her role as empress of the dead requires her to be, and she has complete control over the will of every spirit within her two domains, and uses the spirits of the dead to create a huge army for herself.
		The Norse equivalent of the Native American Trickster (the Coyote), Loki was neither an Asa-God nor a Vana-God, but was born of the race of Jotuns, i.e., the giants, and was the master of trickery and lies whose cunning ways of deception both aided and caused immense trouble for the deities.
		Long is obviously an avid enthusiast of Norse mythology, he is clearly not a practitioner of any Norse religion, nor does he seem to be aware of the Christian tampering with the content of the myths, and his writing suffers from a Christian bias of theological history.
	www.angelfire.com /ny2/wiccan/norsewicca.html (12679 words)

	NORSE MYTHOLOGY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		Norse Cosmology tells of Ginnungagap, the Great Void, which came before the Creation.
		Ginnungagap consisted of Niflhem in the North, an area of dark and freezing fog, and Muspell in the South, a region of fire and flame.
		It is said that they were the first living creature to inhabit the earth and that they preceded even the gods who were their sworn enemies.
	www.angelfire.com /stars2/LisasPlanet/norsepages/norse.html (837 words)

	Norse Mythology
		It would be difficult to overestimate the influence of Norse mythology and religion in ancient Britain, both in terms of the early Anglo-Saxon and Danish settlements, and the centuries-long occupation by the Vikings of much of Ireland and Scotland.
		The two primary written sources for Norse mythology are the Prose (Younger) Edda and the Poetic (Elder) Edda, written in Iceland in the 13th century.
		Norse Mythology explores the magical myths and legends of Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Iceland and Viking-Age Greenland--outlining along the way the prehistoric tales and beliefs from these regions that have remained embedded in the imagination of the world.
	www.heartoglory.com /celtic/norse-mythology.php (791 words)

	Norse mythology
		In the old Norse mythology, the giants, Skrymir and his brethren, against whom the sons of the gods fought, were potent factors in the histories of deities and men" (SD 2:754).
		In Old Norse, the Æsir (singular Áss, feminine Ásynja, feminine plural Ásynjur, Anglo-Saxon Ós, from Proto-Germanic Ansuz) are the principal gods of the pantheon of Norse mythology.
		In Norse mythology, the primal law of all existence, corresponding to karma, the beginningless and endless succession of causes and effects constantly modifying each being's fate or destiny as a result of its own actions.
	www.experiencefestival.com /norse_mythology (1543 words)

	[No title]
		The Norse mythological system as we currently have it comes down to us mainly from the Icelandic Eddas and sagas which were written down a few centuries after the christianization of the north.
		Thor, God of Thunder Old Norse Þórr The son of Odin and a member of the Aesir, he was the god of thunder and the main enemy of the giants.
		In the norse literature the nornor are connected to the neutral concept of destiny,skop, which means that they were conceived as the active participant behind the executive one, the fate, of man. It is said that "Nobody escapes the prophecy of the nornor" (norna skop).
	norddulac.tripod.com /norse.doc (19355 words)

	Norse Mythology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		Norse mythology, Scandinavian mythology, Viking mythology; all refer to the pre-Christian religion of the Norwegian, Swedish, Icelandic, and Danish peoples.
		The Norse mythological system as we currently have it comes down to us mainly from the Icelandic Eddas and sagas which were written down a few centuries after the christianization of the north.
		Tolkien was very well acquainted with Norse mythology, as can be seen by the use of it in his books.
	www.ugcs.caltech.edu /~cherryne/mythology.html (324 words)

	Norse Gods and Goddesses - Crystalinks
		Odin is the chief divinity of the Norse pantheon, the foremost of the Aesir.
		In Norse myth, Midgar is the defensive fortress which the gods build about the middle portion of the Earth allotted to men in order to protect mankind from the giants.
		In Norse mythology, Ymir is the primordial giant and the progenitor of the race of frost giants.
	www.crystalinks.com /norsegods.html (4016 words)

	The Norse Wheel of the Year - ADF Neopagan Druidism
		We know from the Eddas that the Norse believed that the realms could be reached by travelling in certain directions.
		In conclusion, while this wheel is our own attempt to make sense of the Norse cycle, it has the advantages of both working with what little evidence we do have and of fitting ADF's premise that the different I-E cultures have enough in common to allow us to work together.
		At the least the themes of the Norse festivals correspond to the Celtic holidays, (with minor exceptions).
	www.adf.org /articles/cosmology/norsewy.html (1478 words)

	YourArt.com >> Encyclopedia >> jotun (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		In Norse mythology, the giants were a mythological race with superhuman strength, described as standing in opposition to the gods, although they frequently mingled with or were even married to these, both Ãsir and Vanir.
		Their stronghold is known as Utgard, and is situated in JÃ¶tunheimr, one of the nine worlds of Norse cosmology, separated from Midgard, the world of men, by high mountains and dense forests.
		The giants were however mainly seen as a race of the past, whose remains could still be seen in the landscape.
	www.yourart.com /research/encyclopedia.cgi?subject=/jotun (730 words)

	[No title]
		The Norse of course had two worlds containing elves, Ljossalfheimer (light elf home), Svartelfheimer (fl elf home), and considering the evidence for the light and dark aspects of the Anglo-Saxon belief in elves, can we not say that there may have existed worlds of light and dark elves amongst the Anglo-Saxons.
		When the Anglo-Saxons were slowly converting to Christianity the Norse still had several centuries of un-interrupted time to develop and expand the complexities of their universe.
		This reconstructed cosmology is simply based on the mention of the seven worlds in the Nine Herbs Charm, and the surviving historical evidence of the firm and recorded Anglo-Saxon belief in the different natures of elves, as well as the evidence showing belief in dwarfs and giants.
	www.homestead.com /englishheathenism/files/Anglo_Saxon_Cosmology.doc (1506 words)

	Part II: Creation, Cosmology and Myth
		Descriptions of the Norse cosmology have slight variations, but they are similar enough to draw certain parallels.
		Rather than reduce the Norse gods to mere demons, he suggested that they were actually great heroes and kings of antiquity who were raised to divinity by their followers after death.
		This and the occasional contradiction in Norse cosmology can be explained in one of two ways: either several mythological accounts were fused together or an essential myth of Yggdrassil’s creation has been lost to us.
	www.geocities.com /Athens/Aegean/5663/norsecosmos.html (2860 words)

	Gotthammer-Media-index
		The elements of the cosmology may not make sense to us, but the “powers they embody represent something of the explanatory force that natural or ‘scientific’ law expresses for us.”[6] “We cannot return to the mythological thinking of an earlier age,”[7] nor can we make myths fit our modern paradigms of reason.
		Norse mythology sees Yggdrasil as guardian tree throughout history, and finally at the end of all things protecting the last two humans by carrying them to the new world.
		Yggdrasil is the stage where upon the Norse gods perform their acts; it is there when the lights come up, and still there when the curtain is drawn, waiting in the darkness for the next play to begin, on into eternity.
	www.gotthammer.com /Muse-assets/Musings/2004/Muse-20041215.htm (3039 words)

	Mythology Norse (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		Norse Mythology lies at the core of runelore.
		The runes are inextricably bound to Norse mythology.
		In Norse mythology, Balder was the son of Odin and Freya and husband of Nanna, and the best, wisest, and...
	www.mythologypoint.info /resources/mythology-norse.php (663 words)

	sculptural environments and installation art by dave hebb - yggdrasill - dvergur (dwarf) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		In Norse Mythology, Yggdrasill is the "life tree" or central axis of the universe.
		The structure and design of this installation is based on the Norse cosmology and the relationships between the various components relate to industrialized society's attitude towards nature and ancient religious paradigms.
		The installation was purposely built to corrode, decay and eventually disintegrate over a period of many years, much like the rusty abandoned construction equipment and other industrial machinery dotted all over this and every other "pristine" landscape.
	www.davehebb.com /environyggdwarf.html (122 words)

	Barbarians 2 - Crystalinks
		The settled Germanic peoples, the Norse, Gauls, Franks, Celts, and Picts, all achieved civilizations which, although never rivaling those achieved by Greece and Rome, could never be thought to be uncultured or uncivilized.
		Among the Norse and Germanic barbarians, lawmaking was a surprisingly democratic process. Every year, a general convocation would be held for the various tribes called the "Thing." This is where marriages were arranged or ratified, treaties were signed, disputes were settled, and criminals were punished.
		Some of the written works include the Kalevala, Beowulf, the legends of King Arthur, the Mabinogion, the poetic Eddas (stories of the elder Gods and heros), and many other sagas were once transmitted through song and poetry until they were written down by literate barbarians or medieval scribes.
	www.crystalinks.com /barbarians2.html (3423 words)

	Norse Cosmology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		Cosmology refers to they way people believe that the universe is constructed, and, as opposed to many myths and legends, the Norse and Vikings had a very different approach to the universe.
		Many of the old stories and legends have disappeared, but it is through Prose Edda, written by Snorri Sturluson in the 13th century, the richness and complexity of their mythology shines through.
		Helheim is mainly seen as the resting place of souls, and there are many indications through Snorri's Edda that the Norseman believed in a kind of reincarnation.
	www.chaosmoon.com /norsemyth3.htm (1200 words)

	YourArt.com >> Encyclopedia >> Ymir (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		In Norse mythology, Ymir (also named Aurgelmir among the giants themselves) was the founder of the race of frost giants and an important figure in Norse cosmology.
		Snorri Sturluson combined several sources, along with some of his own conclusions, to explain Ymir's role in the Norse creation myth.
		Young, Jean I.: The Prose Edda of Snorri Sturluson: Tales from Norse Mythology.
	www.yourart.com /research/encyclopedia.cgi?subject=/Ymir (583 words)

	[No title]
		By later redactors trying to make the norse world picture coincide with that of their present day view, such as Asgard being Troy and just a city of Earth, much of the material we have has been muddled.
		According to Star Names their Lore and Meaning, the Norse knew the Milky Way as the pathway of ghosts going to Valhalla.
		The Norse world tree, omnipresent, its branches extending over all the known worlds, its roots extending into three of them.
	freezing-kiss.net /cbm/goddess/cosmology.htm (974 words)

	Yggdrasil -- Britannica Student Encyclopedia
		This immense, nurturing tree was the central feature and one of the most original creations of Norse cosmology.
		The name means “giantland.” Jotunheim was usually thought of as being far to the northwest, in a place where the ocean met the edge of the world.
		Midgard, literally “middle enclosure,” was situated between the heavenly realm of Asgard and the foreboding wastes of Hel.
	www.britannica.com /ebi/article-9314289 (360 words)

	Beliefnet.com
		Basically, seidh is a Teutonic (Norse and Germanic) tradition of sorcery, which probably involved shamanistic elements.
		She then descends into Hela's realm (Norse goddess of the underworld) and petitions the help of the spirits of the dead.
		The spirit is conceived of in Norse terms ('fylgia' being a female guardian spirit, etc) and there is an emphasis on contact with the 'disir' (female ancestral spirits).
	www.beliefnet.com /boards/message_list.asp?boardID=73912&discussionID=61810 (1141 words)

	Gaelsong - Celebrating The Celtic Imagination (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		As the Scots fought to preserve their independence, they were inevitably influenced by Norse culture, and the Celtic art of the area reflects the enduring synthesis of both.
		The story of the land that became Scotland is one of dramatic geological events and impressive human endeavor.
		In Norse mythology Yggdrasil, the World Tree, is a giant ash linking the nine worlds of the Norse Cosmology.
	www.gaelsong.com /Gcart/index.cfm/page/_ctl1/StartRow/13/catid/265 (265 words)

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