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Topic: North Africa

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	Adventure Trips visiting North Africa \| 4 Corners Club
		The people of North Africa can be divided into roughly four distinct groups:the Arabs,that came in the 700's and mixed with the berbers,the Berbers of the Maghreb; the Tuareg and other, original fl Berbers; and the Nilotic fls of the Nile Valley.
		North Africa is naturally divided into three rather distinct cultural regions: the Maghreb (Northwest Africa), the Sahara, and the Nile Valley.
		North Africa formerly had a large Jewish population, a large portion of which emigrated to France or Israel when the North African nations gained independence.
	www.4cornersclub.com /adventure_trips/africa/north_africa/region_facts (781 words)

	Africa - MSN Encarta
		North Africa consists of the countries of Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, Sudan, and Tunisia.
		Africa is surrounded by oceans and seas: the Atlantic Ocean on the west, the Indian Ocean on the east, the Red Sea on the northeast, and the Mediterranean Sea on the north.
		Africa generally consists of a series of flat and gently undulating plateaus occurring at different levels, broken by a few mountainous areas and by the rift valleys of East Africa.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761572628/Africa.html (1244 words)

	Voices from Africa
		The people of Africa and the diaspora must be compensated for what was unjustly wrested from their heritage through human enslavement, natural resource exploitation, cultural plunder, imposed ideological and political control and centuries of imperialism.
		The most crucial threat to Africa's land and biological resources is and has been the coercive trade and market forces in the North that consistently work to undervalue the worth of the yields from the continent.
		Poverty in Africa is a state of social and economic deprivation induced by morally erosive political and economic forces from outside the region.
	www.unsystem.org /ngls/documents/publications.en/voices.africa/number5/vfa5.04.htm (2616 words)

	2. The Muslim Middle East and North Africa, c. 945-1500. 2001. The Encyclopedia of World History
		The Middle East and North Africa, 500–1500 > 2.
		Between the breakup of the Abbasid Empire in the 10th century and the restoration of an imperial hegemony under the Ottomans in the 16th century, the Middle East and North Africa lost any semblance of political unity.
		In North Africa, Berber tribal warriors defeated Arab-dominated regimes and established new dynasties.
	www.bartleby.com /67/299.html (825 words)

	North Africa - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		North Africa or Northern Africa is the northernmost region of the African continent.
		The inhabitants of North Africa are generally divided in a manner roughly corresponding to the principal geographic regions of North Africa: the Maghreb, the Nile Valley, and the Sahara.
		Northwest Africa on the whole is believed to have been inhabited by Berbers since the beginning of recorded history, while the eastern part of North Africa has been home to the Egyptians and Nubians, although ancient Egyptians record extensive contact in their Western desert with peoples that appear to have been Berber or proto-Berber.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/North_Africa (948 words)

	North African Campaign - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Following on the US Operation Torch landings in north west Africa in late 1942 under the command of General Dwight Eisenhower, and after US battles against Vichy France forces, Commonwealth and US forces finally pincered the Axis forces and forced their surrender.
		The Axis had planned to follow a successful campaign in North Africa with a strike north to the rich oil fields of the Middle East.
		At this point General Bernard Montgomery took over as commander of Allied forces in North Africa and, after victory in the battles of Alam Halfa and Second El Alamein, Montgomery began to push the Axis forces back, going as far as capturing Tripoli.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/North_African_Campaign (1172 words)

	North Africa - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: )
		North Africa refers to the region of the continent of Africa north of the Sahara desert, comprising the Maghreb and Egypt, and by some definitions the Sudan.
		Contact between North Africa and sub-Saharan Africa was limited almost exclusively to trade along the Eastern and Western coasts of the continent and to travel up and down the Nile, due to the difficulty in crossing the desert.
		Originally, much of North Africa was inhabited by fl Africans, as demonstrated by Saharan rock art throughout the region; however, this does not appear to have been the case in the Maghreb and Lower Egypt, which were inhabited by white Africans speaking Afro-Asiatic languages.
	www.peacelink.de /keyword/North_Africa.php (319 words)

	North Africa
		Islam swept North Africa very early in its history, spreading west from Egypt starting in the 8th century A.D. At first it was spread into the cities through conquest, but once the nomadic Berbers began to convert to Islam, it spread through their contacts all across North Africa.
		In much of North Africa, there is a general preference for marriage between the children of two brothers, with the cousins playing little role in the choice of a marriage partner.
		As elsewhere in North Africa, following Islamic dress regulations is seen as supporting indigenous culture and, according to one researcher, asserting that choices can be made as to which parts of European culture ought to be adopted.
	www.law.emory.edu /IFL/region/northafrica.html (3680 words)

	Africa - Memory Alpha, the Star Trek Wiki
		Captain Jonathan Archer's great-grandfather was involved in a campaign in North Africa.
		In the early 21st century, Africa was heavily affected by the AIDS disease.
		In the early 23rd century, Uhura was born in Africa, and spoke Swahili as her native language.
	www.memory-alpha.org /en/wiki/Africa (302 words)

	North Africa
		North Africa extends from the east coast of Egypt to the west coast of Morocco, and south from the Mediterranean Sea to around the Tropic of Cancer.
		Towards the mid-1500's, the Arab-established North Africa was conquered by the Ottoman Empire.
		The GNP is unavailable and the population increase is the highest in North Africa at 2.9%.
	maps.unomaha.edu /Peterson/funda/Notes/Notes_Exam2/NA.html (2159 words)

	diseases North Africa
		Risk: Travelers to the North Africa are at risk for typhoid fever, especially when traveling to smaller cities, villages, or rural areas.
		There are many types of parasites and infection may occur in several ways: by eating undercooked meats infected with parasites or their larva; by eating food or drinking water contaminated with parasites or their eggs; by contact with soil or water infected with parasites; or through insect bites.
		Risk: For countries in North Africa, there is a risk of rabies infection particularly in rural areas, or in areas where large numbers of dogs are found.
	www.thirdworldtraveler.com /Disease/diseases_NAfrica.html (2447 words)

	North Africa
		Churchill then told Roosevelt that North Africa was the only place they could hope to win any time in the next year and it was the only place they could hope to pull German forces away from Russia.
		North Africa was a place where the allies were able to engage Germ any with relatively good odds.
		North Africa was a disaster for the Axis.
	www.cs.ndsu.nodak.edu /~lugert/wwii.htm (2595 words)

	CNN.com - North Africa a new haven for Europe terror - Jan. 11, 2003
		But until police revealed that a trace of the deadly poison was found with the London suspects, few of the arrests had stirred as much public concern.
		British police have not said if the seven North African men who were arrested this week -- six of whom are from Algeria -- are connected to Algerian terror groups.
		Yet North African terrorists, particularly those from Algeria, have been increasing their activities through Western Europe and some are known to have connections to al Qaeda, according to intelligence sources.
	cnn.com /2003/WORLD/europe/01/10/north.africa.terror (635 words)

	C. The Middle East and North Africa, 1792-1914. 2001. The Encyclopedia of World History
		The start of the 19th century marks the conventional beginning of modern Middle Eastern and North African history.
		The region's population increased during the period between two and three times, from roughly 28 million to about 66 million (in the Middle East from 21 to 54 million, in North Africa from 7 to 12 million).
		Improvements in public health and the disappearance of the plague brought the beginnings of sustained population growth in both city and countryside (the rural population remained at 75–80 percent).
	www.bartleby.com /67/1327.html (678 words)

	africa
		The war in Africa was to play a key role in the overall success of the Allies in World War Two.
		Rommel was flown out of North Africa but 130,000 Germans surrendered and by May 1943 the war in North Africa was over.
		The Africa Korps contained some of Hitler's finest soldiers and a vast amount of first class equipment was lost by the Germans including the newly designed battle tanks.
	www.historylearningsite.co.uk /africa.htm (768 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/North Africa
		North Africa is often set apart from the sub-Saharan African region, as the desert serves more of an obstacle to communication than the sea itself.
		Though North African culture as well as its people have both Berber and Arab roots, most North Africans are either Arabic or Berber-speaking Muslims (or, in the Copts' case, Christians), though the Berber language is not officially recognized.
		North Africa also had a large Jewish population, a large portion of which emigrated to France or Israel when the North African nations gained independence.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/North_Africa (489 words)

	Western North African Christianity: A History of the Christian Church in Western North Africa
		Christianity in Western North Africa was predominantly urban, since its evangelists were Latin speakers who for various reasons had come to North Africa from Rome or other parts of the Roman empire, though the church also grew rapidly in the frontier regions of Numidia where there were fewer Romans and more people of Phonecian ancestry.
		The North African theologian Tertullian went so far as to write that "the blood of Christians is the seed of the church." One of the clearest accounts of an early martyrdom is that of Perpetua and Felicitas who died about AD 200.
		North Africa was clearly western in its orientation, while Byzantium was the center of the eastern church.
	www.bethel.edu /~letnie/AfricanChristianity/WesternNorthAfricaHomepage.html (874 words)

	Africa Leader - North Africa News
		Africa Correspondent Zoe Daniel reports from the border North Eastern Kenya is at the epicentre also affecting Eritrea, Djibouti, Ethiopia, Somalia,...
		The menu seems to be less influenced by North Africa than the decor, and reveals an eclectic fusion of cuisines: from Hungarian to French to Asian,...
		Ethiopia is located in north-eastern Africa bordering Eritrea, Djibouti and Somalia to the east, Kenya to the south and Sudan to the west...
	story.africaleader.com /p.x/ct/10/id/82d02f9fd73afff4 (1405 words)

	Research Group Meeting 1999 - Appendix 5
		Circumstantial evidence suggests that the epidemics of FMD in western North Africa during the last three decades have been associated with the importation of infected animals.
		The importance of sheep in the epidemiology of FMD in the western part of North Africa is a reflection of their species predominance and because the clinical signs which they manifest are often mild or not apparent (Donaldson and Sellers 1999).
		The distance between the coastline of western North Africa and southern Europe is not great, for example between Morocco and Spain it is less than 25km and between Tunisia and Sicily it is less than 200km.
	www.fao.org /ag/aga/agah/eufmd/reports/rg1999ma/app05.htm (2074 words)

	International Crisis Group - Middle East & North Africa
		In Algeria, Crisis Group continues to monitor the state's efforts to overcome a decade of civil war, and suggest ways of accelerating and managing the transition to a law-bound government.
		Crisis Group also monitors developments threatening peace internally and externally in Egypt and the other countries of North Africa, and on Islamism throughout the region.
		Crisis Group analyses the underlying causes of tensions and conflicts in the Gulf region and suggests ways of alleviating them, while exploring appropriate means to promote good governance, sustainable economic growth, and regional stability and security.
	www.crisisgroup.org /home/index.cfm?id=1096&l=1 (435 words)

	Decision To Invade North Africa
		In fact the invasion of North Africa had been a main topic of discussion between President Roosevelt, Prime Minister Churchill, and their chief military advisers, known collectively as the Combined Chiefs of Staff (CCS), at the first of the Allied wartime conferences held in Washington (ARCADIA) during the week before Christmas 1941.
		Recent intelligence reports from Vichy and North Africa had convinced him that this was a matter of such great political import that the success or failure of TORCH might well depend on the decision made.
		Even in retrospect, it is debatable whether the decision to invade North Africa was the soundest strategic decision that could have been made at the time and under the existing circumstances.
	www.army.mil /cmh-pg/books/70-7_07.htm (9726 words)

	North Africa, Sicily and Italy
		The lst Parachute Brigade, comprising three battalions and supporting elements, were sent to North Africa by sea - except the 3rd battalion, who had been airlifted for the Bone assault from St Eval in Cornwall, travelling via Gibraltar.
		In June 1943, the 2nd and 4th Parachute brigades, as well as the lst Air Landing Brigade, had joined the depleted lst Brigade in north Africa to comprise the lst Airbome Division, as preparations were made for further operations, into Italy and Sicily.
		More than 2,000 airborne troops embarked aboard a fleet of Horsa gliders in North Africa and were towed by RAF bombers to their objectives in Sicily.
	www.army.mod.uk /para/history/northafrica.htm (1312 words)

	Western North Africa, 8000–2000 B.C. \| Timeline of Art History \| The Metropolitan Museum of Art (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Between 8000 and 2000 B.C., western North Africa moves from isolation to connection with the peoples of the Mediterranean and western Europe.
		Among the materials that come to western North Africa from abroad are obsidian blades from the Lipari Islands near Sicily.
		North African rock art of this period continues to depict animals but also places a new emphasis on the human figure, equipped with weapons and adornments.
	www.metmuseum.org /toah/ht/02/afw/ht02afw.htm (348 words)

	History of NORTH AFRICA (Site not responding. Last check: )
		From the 8th century onwards the dominant power in north Africa is one of Phoenicia's colonies, Carthage.
		From about 300 BC the north African coast has, in Alexandria, one of the most brilliant cities of the Mediterranean world.
		By the middle of the 1st century AD Carthage is the second largest city (after Rome) in the western half of the empire and is the hub of the prosperous Roman provinces of north Africa.
	www.historyworld.net /wrldhis/PlainTextHistories.asp?historyid=ab26 (818 words)

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