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Topic: North Africa Campaign

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Battle of Gazala

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OKW

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	Book: Rommel's North Africa Campaign: September 1940 - November 1942 (Great Campaigns) - UsingEnglish.com
		Iron Hulls Iron Hearts: Mussolini's Elite Armoured Divisions in North Africa
		World War II in the Mediterranean, 1942-1945 (Major Battles and Campaigns)
		Tank Combat in North Africa: The Opening Rounds : Operations Sonnenblume, Brevity, Skorpion and Battleaxe February 1941-June 1941 (Schiffer Military History)
	www.usingenglish.com /amazon/us/1580970184.html (181 words)

	North Africa
		North Africa was a place where the allies were able to engage Germ any with relatively good odds.
		It is certain that the North African Campaigns served a vital roll in the defeat of Germany.
		North Africa was a disaster for the Axis.
	www.cs.ndsu.nodak.edu /~lugert/wwii.htm (2595 words)

	Military.com Content (Site not responding. Last check: )
		During the initial stages of the North Africa campaign, the fighting had taken place primarily in Egypt and Libya, far to the east of the El Djem bridge.
		In addition, control of North Africa was critical to dominance of the Mediterranean and access to the Suez Canal and to the Middle East's rich oil fields.
		As with all campaigns -- but even more so in barren North Africa -- the pace of the fighting was governed by the flow of the supplies of food, ammunition and gasoline.
	www.military.com /Content/MoreContent?file=PR2rommelf (1711 words)

	Logistics and the Desert Fox
		In fact, few campaigns in history illustrate so vividly the wisdom of the argument stated in Marine Corps doctrine, that "logistics establishes limits on what is operationally possible." However, the specific factors that contributed to the failure of German operational logistics in North Africa need closer scrutiny.
		Hitler's principal strategic objective for the North African theater was to bolster the waning political and military fortunes of his Italian ally by helping her sustain a viable presence in North Africa.
		Rather than seeing the North African campaign as a strategic sideshow, he viewed it as a means of striking at the heart of the British Empire and into the soft underbelly of the Soviet Union beyond.
	www.almc.army.mil /alog/issues/JanFeb01/MS610.htm (3541 words)

	North African Campaign
		The North African Campaign, or Desert War, took place in the North African desert during World War II between 1940 and 1943.
		North Africa is a region generally considered to include Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, Sudan, Tunisia, and the Western Sahara.
		After the victory in the North African Campaign, the stage was set for the Italian Campaign to begin.
	www.u-s-history.com /pages/h1727.html (1175 words)

	Health and Safety, North Africa
		Fieldwork in North Africa is especially rewarding because of the excellent exposures, exotic landscapes and the attractive climate, particularly in winter times.
		Nevertheless, trips to the field in North Africa require very detailed preparations, including full and critical risk assessments, which may be unfamiliar to those used to working in climatically moderate, more populated regions.
		For North Africa the THURAYA system appears to be ideal and cost-effective (information in englisch, german, arabic; this system also works in Libya, but note that the use of satellite telephones is forbidden in Libya).
	www.northafrica.de /hses.htm (1202 words)

	SparkNotes: World War II (1939–1945): North Africa and the Invasion of Italy
		One of the primary flash points in North Africa was the key port of Tobruk, Libya, which changed hands between the Germans and the British several times and was the site of several major battles.
		The war in North Africa was essentially an adventure initiated by Italy in an attempt to seize former colonial territories of Britain and France.
		The campaign in North Africa ballooned into a huge endeavor that cost tens of thousands of lives, and the battles on the Italian mainland between Allied and German forces proved even more devastating.
	www.sparknotes.com /history/european/ww2/section11.rhtml (1333 words)

	The North Africa Campaign (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Fighting in North Africa started with Italian dictator Benito "Il Duce" Mussolini attempted to expand his turf in North Africa by invading Ethiopia in 1936.
		As the Allied landings occurred in North Africa the Germans were hardly beaten.
		After North Africa, the Allies moved on to the island of Sicily in July 1943, and Italy September 3, 1943.
	www.ww-iiheroes.com /NoAfrica.html (414 words)

	North Africa, WW2, Tobruk, Benghazi, Torch, Malta, Suez, Egypt, Greece, Crete, Alexandria, Med Fleet, 8th Army, ...
		From North Cape in Norway to the Pyrenees at the Spanish border, the coast of Europe was in German hands.
		North Africa - As the British advance into Libya continued, Bardia was taken on the 5th.
		French North Africa continued - After the Bougie and Bone landings in eastern Algeria, British paratroops were flown into the north of Tunisia and the advance began on Bizerta and Tunis.
	www.naval-history.net /WW2CampaignsNorthAfrica.htm (6560 words)

	World War II: North Africa (Site not responding. Last check: )
		This is a classic account of the progress of the 7th Armored Division from the sands of North Africa to the cold of wintery Holland and the mud of a German springtime.
		Elements of the Division first saw action in North Africa, landing at Casablanca, 8 November 1942, and later taking part in the fighting at Beja, Tunisia, but the Division as a whole did not enter combat until the invasion of Sicily, when it made an assault landing at Gela, 10 July 1943.
		In the deserts of North Africa and the Middle East some of World War II's greatest legends were born as Erwin Rommel the "Desert Fox" led his Afrika Korps against the "Desert Rats" of the British 8th Army led by Bernard Montgomery.
	www.generalstafflibrary.com /page31.html (3299 words)

	127th. Issue - The North Africa Journal
		Although this strong growth is a positive indicator of rapid move toward the generalization of telecommunications in The North African country, its rapid pace is taking legislators, the government and the telecom watchdog ANRT by surprise.
		Campaigning began on Saturday for the Moroccan general election on September 27, seen as crucial in measuring the North African kingdom's progress towards democracy.
		The North Africa Journal and Maghreb Weekly Monitor are based in Boston, MA, USA.
	www.north-africa.com /127.htm (899 words)

	Online NewsHour: Conversation: Award Winner -- May 5, 2003
		And you really see a sorting out underway in North Africa, where the competent from the incompetent are sorted out, the lucky from the unlucky, which is very important.
		He was extraordinarily gifted in many ways, but he arrived in North Africa in the fall of 1942 really untested, unsure of himself, beset with political problems involving the French, among other things, and it took him quite a while to find his legs.
		If you put together Stalingrad, Midway, and North Africa, the losses are staggering, and the Germans never recovered, the Italians were completely spent by the end of North Africa in May 1943.
	www.pbs.org /newshour/bb/entertainment/jan-june03/atkinson.html (1337 words)

	Rumsfeld says N. Africa no terror haven - Boston.com
		Morocco was the last stop for Rumsfeld on a five-day trip that began in Sicily for a NATO defense ministers meeting and included his first visit to North Africa as President Bush's defense secretary.
		Rumsfeld came to North Africa to try to strengthen U.S. military ties to Tunisia, Algeria and Morocco.
		Morocco is the United States' oldest ally in North Africa.
	www.boston.com /news/world/africa/articles/2006/02/13/rumsfeld_says_n_africa_no_terror_haven (579 words)

	NORTH AFRICAN CAMPAIGN: 1940-1942
		The British campaign in North Africa in 1940-1942 against the Italians and ultimately the German Afrika Korps, became crucial as a prelude to the eventual "second front" in the European theater of World War II.
		If North Africa had been lost, D-Day would have been delayed at least and Germany could have focused on defeating the Soviet Union, with disasterous consequences for the Allies.
		The British were forced to retreat to the island of Crete where they were attacked and defeated by German forces in June 1941.
	www.olive-drab.com /od_history_ww2_ops_battles_1940-42nafrica.php (925 words)

	North Africa - List of Items - MSN Encarta
		North Africa - List of Items - MSN Encarta
		Sahara desert, geographical division between North and Sub-Saharan Africa
		WWII – Italian campaign in Egypt and Libya
	encarta.msn.com /refedlist_210021399_8/history.html (34 words)

	The North Africa Campaign (Site not responding. Last check: )
		For nearly 18 months, the North Africa campaign surges across Egypt, Libya, Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia.
		It involves a number of the key players in the Normandy campaign, including Eisenhower, Rommel, Montgomery, Bradley, and Patton.
		The campaign reaffirms the power of the tank, the advantages of air superiority, and the need for effective supply lines.
	home.wanadoo.nl /cclinks/abtf/thenor~2.html (96 words)

	Panzer General 2: user campaigns and links - US North Africa Campaign
		This campaign follows operations of US forces starting in Algeria and Morocco in November 1942 and finishing in July 1943, it contains 19 scenarios (although the maximum is 14) in North Africa and Sicily - yes, I know the campaign list has 21 campaigns, but 2 of them are not real scenarios.
		If you are new to installing user-made campaigns I suggest you read my campaign installation instructions before installing this (or any other) campaign.
		A list of scenarios follows, these are NOT in chronological order (the campaign path, with one mistake that I have not corrected, in graphical form is here).
	www.wargamer.com /pg2campaigns/steve/pg2-usnac.htm (166 words)

	USCCB Catholic Campaign for Peace in the Holy Land \| Catholic Relief Services
		Now is a critical time to promote support for the reinvigoration of the peace process as a United States foreign policy priority that will lead to a just peace for both Israelis and Palestinians in an environment in which there is a great imbalance of power, voice and understanding.
		The Catholic Campaign for Peace in the Holy Land is part of an unprecedented inter-religious initiative.
		The Campaign builds upon and complements the ongoing related efforts of the U.S. Conference of Catholic Bishops.
	www.crs.org /our_work/where_we_work/overseas/middle_east_and_north_africa/jerusalem,_west_bank_and_gaza/campaign.cfm (450 words)

	WWII Close Air Support - North Africa
		Instead of separate commands in the western and eastern sides of North Africa, forces were centralized under Eisenhower's command.
		Marshall and the War Department agreed that the North Africa campaign pointed to a revision of doctrine.
		Eisenhower told Arnold that he agreed with the changes made with the air forces and that he had great faith in his chief air adviser, Spaatz, although the British charge that the "Air Force is subordinate to the Ground Forces" alarmed him.
	www.usaaf.net /has/jops/kasserine.htm (3347 words)

	North Africa
		This was to use the means that would be accumulated in England by the fall of 1942, plus additional forces from the United States, to invade North Africa, where, it was hoped, French forces might lend support to the operation.
		In North Africa the Germans and their Italian allies controlled a narrow strip along the Mediterranean coast between Tunisia and Egypt with an army numbering some 100,000 men under Field Marshal Erwin Rommel.
		It may be the definitive history of the war in North Africa.
	www.worldwar2history.info /North-Africa (1042 words)

	Africa Action: Campaign to Stop Genocide in Darfur
		Africa Action is engaged in advocacy and activism to stop the genocide in Darfur, Sudan, where the Sudanese government has been waging a campaign of destruction against targeted African communities since 2003.
		Africa Action is calling on President Bush to assert U.S. leadership in support of a multinational intervention to stop the ongoing genocide in Darfur.
		Africa Action stresses that the U.S. must act at the UN to ensure the deployment of a peacekeeping force..." Go >
	www.africaaction.org /campaign_new/darfur.php (475 words)

	Africa Action: Activism for Africa Since 1953
		Africa Action is the oldest organization in the U.S. working on African affairs.
		Our mission is to change U.S. Africa relations to promote political, economic and social justice in Africa.
		South Africa says it will have to live with a huge influx of poor people from neighbouring Zimbabwe.
	www.africaaction.org /index.php (397 words)

	NPR : 'Army at Dawn' Chronicles North Africa Campaign
		NPR : 'Army at Dawn' Chronicles North Africa Campaign
		Morning Edition, November 8, 2002 · The allies' World War II invasion of Algeria and Morocco began 60 years ago today.
		Author Rick Atkinson has written about the North Africa campaign in An Army at Dawn.
	www.npr.org /templates/story/story.php?storyId=835953 (116 words)

	INTRODUCTION: The Final Campaign for North Africa
		Within 2 weeks of the November landings in Northwest Africa, British and American forces under General Dwight D. Eisenhower were driving from Algeria into western Tunisia in an effort to seize the great ports of Tunis and Bizerte.
		As the Tunisian campaign developed, the attacks were directed at the transportation facilities and ports of Sicily and southern Italy, especially Naples, Messina, and Palermo.
		The accomplishment of this move was one of the outstanding achievements of transport and supply in the North African campaign.
	www.army.mil /cmh-pg/books/wwii/bizerte/bizerte-intro.htm (1533 words)

	War in North Africa 1940-1942 - World War II Multimedia Database
		Both men recognized that the character of the North African war would be marked by the personalities of these two men.
		Fleet Air Arm Officers' Association, The FAAOA (Fleet Air Arm Officers' Association) exits as a focal point for all who are professionally and socially bound together by their common interest and vocation in Naval Aviation.
		North Africa's; Desert War or The War in the Western Desert.
	www.worldwar2database.com /html/africa.htm (1147 words)

	BARDIA NORTH AFRICA
		Bardia on the North African coast was the location of an early Combined Operations raid.
		Bardia lies 500 miles west of Suez and 50 miles east of Tobruk on the North African coast.
		A week or two earlier Rommel had launched an offensive in North Africa and by the 11th April his forces had re-occupied Cyrenaica and captured Sollum and Bardia.
	www.combinedops.com /Bardia_North_Africa.htm (1261 words)

	Call of Duty 2 Reviews - Call of Duty 2 Player Reviews - Call of Duty 2 Web Site Reviews
		Moreover, two of its three missions are quite interesting in choice, specifically Stalingrad and the North Africa campaign, as they are territory generally not explored by the mainstream.
		The ambience is absolutely amazing, especially in the some of the more chaotic North Africa and D-Day mission parts, as you could be completely safe from harm, yet still have adrenaline pumping in your veins from the sheer immersiveness of the production.
		Or the chaotic German ambush in the North Africa campaign.
	www.gamefaqs.com /computer/doswin/review/R103480.html (918 words)

	TheHistoryNet \| World War II \| World War II: North Africa Campaign
		The battle for North Africa was a struggle for control of the Suez Canal and access to oil from the Middle East and raw materials from Asia.
		Thus, the North African campaign and the naval campaign for the Mediterranean were extensions of each other in a very real sense.
		The struggle for control of North Africa began as early as October 1935, when Italy invaded Ethiopia from its colony Italian Somaliland.
	historynet.com /wwii/bl-rommel-africa (1230 words)

	V-Day: Africa, Asia, and the Middle East
		This is powerfully symbolized by the cry for justice of the former ‘comfort women,’ the estimated 200,000 civilians forced into sexual slavery by Japan’s military during the Asia-Pacific wars from 1931-1945.
		The Global V-Day Campaign for Justice to ‘Comfort Women’ calls for an end to impunity for wartime sexual violence in both the past and the present.
		In partnership with survivors and activists from South Korea, Japan, Indonesia, Taiwan, the Philippines, the Netherlands, and Timor L’Este, the Global Campaign culminated in simultaneous demonstrations in front of Japanese Embassies around the world on August 10, 2005.
	www.vday.org /contents/vcampaigns/aame (626 words)

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