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Topic: North America Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)

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North American Free Trade Agreement

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	NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement)
		The NAFTA agreement between the United States, Mexico, and Canada was signed by President George Bush (the senior) in 1992.
		Like the FTAA, NAFTA advocates titled their measure to mislead the public into believing falsely that the agreement was principally concerned with lowering tariffs and promoting free trade within a growing prosperity zone.
		Although NAFTA was promoted as a "free trade" agreement among the nations of Canada, Mexico, and the United States, it has much more to do with economic integration and eventual political merger than it does with free trade.
	www.prisonplanet.com /articles/december2004/091204nafta.htm (661 words)

	North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) — FAS Fact Sheets
		Under the NAFTA formula, from the 7th through the 14th year of the agreement, a ceiling of 250,000 tons was placed on Mexico's sugar exports to the United States.
		Disciplines contained in NAFTA are designed to prevent the use of SPS measures as disguised restrictions on trade, while still safeguarding each country's right to protect consumers from unsafe products, or to protect domestic crops and livestock from the introduction of imported pests and diseases.
		NAFTA also allows state and local governments to enact standards more stringent than those adopted at the national level, so long as these standards are scientifically defensible and are administered in a forthright, expeditious manner.
	www.fas.usda.gov /info/factsheets/NAFTA.asp (2016 words)

	ERS/USDA Briefing Room - North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)
		North America Moves Toward One Market describes how the agricultural sectors of Canada, Mexico, and the United States are increasingly behaving as if they form a single market.
		NAFTA at 11: The Growing Integration of North American Agriculture provides additional information on this subject, as it relates to the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA).
		U.S.-Mexico agricultural trade was the subject of a paper by ERS economist Steven Zahniser at a conference entitled Doha, NAFTA, and California Agriculture on January 13, 2006, in Sacramento, California.
	www.ers.usda.gov /Briefing/NAFTA (1009 words)

	Trade Benefits All (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Trade Promotion Authority (a.k.a., "fast track" authority) allows the president to negotiate trade agreements that Congress can approve or reject, but not change.
		The two landmark trade agreements of the 1990s, NAFTA and the Uruguay Round, "have boosted the annual income and lowered the cost of purchases for an average family of four by $1,300 to $2,000," U.S. Trade Representative Robert Zoellick recently told Congress.
		There are 130 trade and investment agreements in the world today, and the United States is involved in only two of them.
	www.heritage.org /Press/Commentary/ed080601.cfm (678 words)

	Public Citizen \| NAFTA - North America Free Trade Agreement - North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)
		NAFTA promoters - including many of the world’s largest corporations - promised it would create hundreds of thousands of new high-wage U.S. jobs, raise living standards in the U.S., Mexico and Canada, improve environmental conditions and transform Mexico from a poor developing country into a booming new market for U.S. exports.
		But NAFTA contained 900 pages of one-size-fits-all rules to which each nation was required to conform all of its domestic laws - regardless of whether voters and their democratically-elected representatives had previously rejected the very same policies in Congress, state legislatures or city councils.
		The same interests who got us into NAFTA are now pushing to expand it and lock in 31 more countries in Latin American and the Caribbean through the proposed Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA) and five Central American countries through a Central American Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA).
	www.citizen.org /trade/nafta/index.cfm (629 words)

	NORTH AMERICA FREE TRADE AGREEMENT Guide to NAFTA Resources (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The Agreement includes two supplemental agreements on environmental and labor issues that address cooperative efforts to reconcile policies and procedures for dispute resolution between the member countries.
		NAFTA was preceded by an agreement between the United States and Canada entitled the U.S.-Canada Free Trade Agreement, which was enacted on January 1, 1989, but has now been superseded by the NAFTA.
		North American Free Trade Agreement between the Government of the United States of America, the government of Canada, and the government of the United Mexican States.
	library.law.smu.edu /resguide/NAFTA.htm (1094 words)

	Montana Department of Commerce Agency Description
		In its purest form, the NAFTA treaty is an agreement among the three NAFTA territories, Mexico, Canada, and the United States, to standardize trade regulations, open markets, and eliminate import tariffs on trade originating within the regions.
		The key to NAFTA is in the Rules of Origin for goods traded among the three NAFTA members.
		To qualify for the preferential NAFTA tariff, goods are required to either originate entirely within the NAFTA territories, or contain a certain percentage of value that originates from within the NAFTA territories.
	www.exportmontana.com /nafta.asp (791 words)

	THE NORTH AMERICAN FREE TRADE AGREEMENT (
		The NAFTA is the most comprehensive regional trade agreement ever negotiated by the United States and is scheduled to be fully implemented by the year 2008.
		Trade is considered "free" or "open" when goods and services can move into markets without restrictions, and prices are determined by supply and demand.
		The NAFTA Commission for Environmental Cooperation (CEC) has deepened trilateral cooperation on a broad range of environmental issues, including illegal trade in hazardous wastes, endangered wildlife, and the elimination of certain toxic chemicals and pesticides.
	www.library.unt.edu /gpo/oca/nafta.htm (924 words)

	North American Free Trade Agreement, NAFTA (1994): historical context, economic impact and related links
		Five years to the day after the Canada–United States Free Trade Agreement was implemented, an expanded free trade area was created with the implementation of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), which includes Mexico.
		NAFTA created the largest free trade area in the world, covering at the time some 360 million people and nearly C$500 billion in yearly trade and investment.
		NAFTA maintained the tariff elimination schedule established by the CUSFTA for the bilateral trade between the United States and Canada.
	canadianeconomy.gc.ca /english/economy/1994NAFTA.html (442 words)

	Free Trade Agreements (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Supporters of the North America Free Trade Agreement, in effect since January 1994, have heralded the success of the historic pact.
		NAFTA has brought enormous benefits to some sectors in Mexico, as exports to the United States have increased---particularly in the apparel sector and in non-traditional crops such as flowers.
		NAFTA in the U.S. NAFTA's Impact on U.S. Farmers and Workers
	www.wola.org /economic/nafta.htm (602 words)

	North American Free Trade Agreement
		The NAFTA tribunal ruled in favor of Metalclad and the Mexican government was forced to pay the company $16.7 million.
		NAFTA has failed to deliver on its proponents’ promises to increase economic growth, to create more and better jobs and to strengthen democracy in the region.
		Most alarmingly, the three governments are working to extend this failed model throughout the Americas in the proposed Free Trade Area of the Americas.
	www.heureka.clara.net /gaia/nafta.htm (1543 words)

	North American Free Trade Agreement - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) is a commercial agreement among Canada, the United States of America, and Mexico which promised free trade and easier flows of capital among the signatory nations.
		Since NAFTA was signed in 1992, it has been difficult to analyze its macroeconomic effects due to the large number of other factors in the global economy.
		NAFTA has been accompanied by a dramatic increase of illegal immigration from Mexico to the United States; A huge fraction of these people are farmers forced off their land by bankruptcy in response of the disproportionate agreement in favor of the USA and Canada, leaving Mexico’s main exports sinking year after year.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/North_American_Free_Trade_Agreement (2269 words)

	Dr. Dobb's \| NAFTA's Intellectual Property Provisions \| July 22, 2001
		NAFTA was initiated on January 1, 1994 and is expected to create the largest free trade zone in the world with an anticipated gross national product totaling over $6 trillion.
		NAFTA provides companies wishing to do business in Canada, Mexico, and the U.S. (and future NAFTA member countries) with the means not only to protect their intellectual property, but also with better laws for doing business in general.
		NAFTA requires member countries to have enforcement procedures that are similar to those that already exist in the U.S., including general due process, injunctive measures against infringing goods, and payment of damages for injury suffered.
	www.ddj.com /184409468 (1558 words)

	Canada Work Permit
		The North America Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) is an international treaty which is applicable to citizens of Canada, the United States, and Mexico.
		Both of these agreements allow for admission of citizens of the member nations in such cases as those individuals meet the a requirements of the provisions.
		In addition to the requirements stated in the provisions of the NAFTA and CCFTA agreements, strict definitions of eligible occupations are applied by immigration officials considering these cases.
	www.canadaworkpermit.com /fta.html (513 words)

	North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) — Infoplease.com
		The House of Representatives approved NAFTA, by a vote of 234 to 200 on November 17, 1993, and the Senate voted 60 to 38 for approval on November 20.
		After the pact, about half of the tariffs on trade between Mexico and the United States were eliminated, and the remaining tariffs and restrictions on service and investment (as far as it is possible) will be phased out over a 15-year period.
		NAFTA at eleven: despite growing pains, it's still seen by some as a valuable tool for Canadian business.(North American Free Trade......
	www.infoplease.com /ipa/A0104566.html (525 words)

	Getting Mexico to Grow With NAFTA: The World Bank's Analysis, by Mark Weisbrot, David Rosnick and Dean Baker of the ...
		The North America Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) was highly controversial at the time it was approved by Congress in 1993, and it remains highly controversial ten years later.
		There continues to be considerable debate over the impact of the agreement on the well-being of the populations of the three countries affected.
		In 1994, the first year the agreement took effect, there was a sharp drop in the real value of the peso due to the "tequila crisis." However, the effect of this downturn is assigned to a "tequila dummy" in the World Bank regression, not to NAFTA.
	www.cepr.net /publications/nafta_2004_10.htm (2274 words)

	The North American Free Trade Agreement - National Law Center for Inter-American Free Trade®
		NAFTA Supplemental Agreement North American Agreement on Environmental Cooperation between the Government of the United States of America, the Government of Canada and the Government of the United Mexican States.
		NAFTA Supplemental Agreement North American Agreement on Labor Cooperation between the Government of the United States of America, the Government of Canada and the Government of the United Mexican States.
		Mexico-U.S. Agreement Concerning the Establishment of a Border Environment Cooperation Commission and a North American Development Bank [reproduced from the text by the U.S. Department of State].
	www.natlaw.com /treaties/nafta.htm (164 words)

	The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)
		In January 1994, Canada, the United States and Mexico launched the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and formed the world's largest free trade area.
		The Agreement has brought economic growth and rising standards of living for people in all three countries.
		In addition, NAFTA has established a strong foundation for future growth and has set a valuable example of the benefits of trade liberalization.
	www.dfait-maeci.gc.ca /nafta-alena/menu-en.asp (102 words)

	‘Free trade' pacts can use ‘barriers to trade' clause to undercut U.S. laws
		Along with this new service economy, a new generation of trade agreements has arrived that radically changed the definition of a "barrier to trade" to include domestic laws that protect workers, the environment and fair business competition.
		This is the case with the Bush administration's Central America Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA) -- an expansion of the failed North America Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) trade model beyond Mexico and Canada to include Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras and the Dominican Republic.
		Now is the time to create an honest and responsible model for international trade agreements that create new economic opportunities, while ensuring that workers and the fundamental principles of democracy are not sacrificed in the process.
	www.globalexchange.org /campaigns/cafta/3219.html (776 words)

	Moving Ideas Members
		Public Citizen's Global Trade Watch has announced the launch of the CAFTA Damage Report, an on-going series of reports that track the consequences of the Central America Free Trade Agreement in districts where members of Congress voted for the agreement despite opposition from constituents or their own misgivings.
		Instead of noting the poor results of NAFTA and heeding growing opposition, the United States has dug in its trenches, and in economic policy those trenches are bilateral trade agreements, including CAFTA and AFTA.
		Passage of the CAFTA trade deal was predicated on promises that it would be good for textile and apparel employment in the United States and Central America.
	movingideas.org /content/en/from_members_doc/north_america/1.htm (726 words)

	SICE - Trade Agreements
		Protocol to the Free Trade Agreement between Central America and the Dominican Republic on the Adherence of Nicaragua
		Protocol to the Free Trade Agreement between Central America and the Dominican Republic on the Adherence of Honduras
		Complementary Agreement on trade in agricultural goods between the Republic of Chile and the Kingdom of Norway
	www.sice.oas.org /tradee.asp (571 words)

	U.S. Chamber of Commerce - North American Free Trade Agreement (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Trade and investment have generated more and better-paying jobs and created significant new opportunities for businesses, workers, and consumers in all three countries.
		NAFTA also aided Mexico as it successfully decoupled its economy from its traditional boom-and-bust cycle, ushering in real interest rates that are closer to those in the United States than those in other large Latin American countries.
		As it was during the campaign for Congressional approval of the agreement in 1993, the U.S. Chamber remains the staunchest advocate of the benefits of the NAFTA, recognizing the importance of the agreement to the welfare of our most important trade relationships.
	www.uschamber.com /issues/index/international/nafta.htm (336 words)

	USDA ERS Browse - North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) is a comprehensive trade liberalizing agreement among Canada, Mexico, and the United States.
		NAFTA at 11: The Growing Integration of North American Agriculture—In the years since NAFTA's implementation, the agricultural sectors of Canada, Mexico, and the United States have become much more integrated.
		Recent Agricultural Policy Reforms in North America—Countercyclical assistance is the common thread among recent agricultural policy innovations of the United States, Mexico, and Canada.
	www.ers.usda.gov /Browse/TradeInternationalMarkets/NAFTA.htm (203 words)

	NAFTA - International Trade Law Research Guide (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The purpose of NAFTA is to include Mexico into the liberalization of trade regulations that already exist between the United States and Canada.
		North American Free Trade Agreement (Washington, DC: GPO, 1992) [INTL REF and INTL KDZ 945.A41992 A2 1992 ].
		North American Free Trade: Assessing the Impact (Washington, DC: Brookings Institute, 1992) [INTL HF3211.N667 1992].
	www.ll.georgetown.edu /intl/guides/trade/trade_4.html (608 words)

	Envisioning North American Futures: Transnational Challenges and Opportunities - A Proposal for Trialogue and Analysis ...
		These processes, in turn, were formalized and reinforced, first by the Canada-United States bilateral trade accord of 1988 and then by the establishment of the North America Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)....
		The economic growth generated by NAFTA has also had its downside, contrary to prevailing theories of economic integration.
		There has been something of a "negative convergence" among the NAFTA countries as worker skills, real wages and the income share of the less-advantaged sectors have actually deteriorated in all three nations.
	www.theamericanresistance.com /sovereignty/pacific_council.html (227 words)

	Expropriation madness. \| Business solutions from AllBusiness.com
		Trade interests have again trumped citizen interests, as a chemical company has used an obscure but powerful provision of the North America Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) to roll back a Canadian environmental and public health measure - and to exact a reported $13 million from the Canadian government for its troubles.
		Then it argued that the government's ban on trade in MMT - which had the same real-world effect as, but was technically different from, a direct ban - discriminated against Ethyl.
		While this argument may sound like the exaggerated rants of a bleary-eyed NAFTA critic who has spent too much time with his or her head buried in the NAFTA text, it turned out to be convincing enough to persuade the Canadian government to settle the case.
	www.allbusiness.com /specialty-businesses/706548-1.html (644 words)

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