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Topic: North American English

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	Britain.tv Wikipedia - American English
		American English (AmE) is the dialect of the English language used mostly in the United States of America.
		American English has many spelling differences from English as used elsewhere (especially British English), some of which were made as part of an attempt to make more rational the spelling used in Britain at the time.
		Americanisms formed by alteration of existing words include notably pesky (from pest), phony (from fawney), rambunctious (from rumbustious), pry (as in "pry open,"?title=from prize), putter (verb, from potter), buddy (from brother), sundae (from Sunday), and skeeter (from mosquito).
	www.britain.tv /wikipedia.php?title=American_English (2901 words)

	North American English - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		North American English is a collective term used for the varieties of the English language that are spoken in the United States and Canada.
		Differences between American and Canadian English are somewhat more apparent in the written form, where Canadians retain much, though not all, of the standard British orthography; however, this affects less than one percent of all words regardless of the dialect in the world.
		These were developed and built upon as new waves of immigration, and migration across the North American continent, brought new accents and dialects to new areas, and as these ways of speaking merged and assimilated with the population.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/North_American_English (335 words)

	Wikinfo \| American English (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		American English is a form of the English language used in the United States of America.
		It is often claimed that certain rural areas in North America speak "Elizabethan English," but in fact the standard American English of the upper Midwest has a sound profile much closer to seventeenth century English than the current speech of England has.
		In most varieties of North American English, the sound of the letter "R" is a retroflex semivowel rather than a trill or a tap.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=American_English (1683 words)

	North American English
		North American English is a collective term to describe the varieties of English that are spoken in the United States and Canada.
		Because of the vast similarities in pronunciation and accent between American English and Canadian English, the two spoken languages can together be grouped under a single category, as distinguished from the varieties of English that are spoken in the United Kingdom, Australia, or New Zealand.
		Other collective terms for English, International English or Commonwealth English, are sometimes used to describe Australian English, British English, Canadian English and New Zealand English due to their historical Commonwealth connections.
	ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/no/North_American_English.html (148 words)

	Jamaican English - Free net encyclopedia
		Jamaican English or Jamaican Standard English is a dialect of English encompassing in a unique way, parts and mergers of both American English and British English dialects.
		Recent American influence is even more obvious in the lexicon (babies sleep in "cribs" and wear "diapers" [or "pampers"]; some people live in "apartments" or "townhouses", for example).
		This is probably because the American term, "hood", is used in Jamaica as a vulgar slang for the male member, probably as an abbreviation of "manhood".
	www.netipedia.com /index.php/Jamaican_English (1085 words)

	North American English (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		'''North American English''' is a collective term to describe the varieties of the English language that are spoken in the United States and Canada.
		Because of the considerable similarities in pronunciation and accent between American English and Canadian English, the two spoken languages are sometimes grouped together under a single category, as distinguished from the varieties of English that are spoken in the United Kingdom, Australia, or New Zealand and the Hiberno-English used in Ireland.
		Commonwealth English is sometimes used to collectively describe Australian English, British English, Canadian English, Caribbean English, and New Zealand English due to their historical Commonwealth connections and similarity of spelling.
	north-american-english.iqnaut.net (125 words)

	Phonological Atlas of North America
		This chapter defines the major dialects of North America on the basis of the status of the low short vowels /*/ and /o/ and the active chain shifts and mergers.
		Regional maps of the Inland North are available where the phonological characteristics of the Northern Cities Shift may be examined in detail, with identification of each community and speaker.
		A National Map of the Regional Dialects of American English, by William Labov, Sharon Ash and Charles Boberg.
	www.ling.upenn.edu /phono_atlas/home.html (777 words)

	North Central American English - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (via CobWeb/3.1 planet2.scs.cs.nyu.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		North Central American English is used to refer to two dialects spoken in the Midwest United States.
		A fuller explanation of key distinctions of the region's speech may be found in the appropriate section of American English regional differences.
		A related accent, of an adjacent region to the east, is Inland Northern American English.
	en.wikipedia.org.cob-web.org:8888 /wiki/North_Central_American_English (700 words)

	American Dialect Society (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Founded in 1889, the American Dialect Society is dedicated to the study of the English language in North America, and of other languages, or dialects of other languages, influencing it or influenced by it.
		American Speech is the society's quarterly journal; there is an online archive, covering 1925 to the present, available to members.
		Current and back issues of American Speech and PADS may be purchased individually from our publisher, The Duke University Press.
	www.americandialect.org (980 words)

	sociology - American English
		In many varieties of American English, [ɛ] is raised to [ɪ] before nasal consonants, making pairs like pen/pin homophonous.
		Unlike most American English, but like Commonwealth English, glides ([j], the y sound) are inserted before [u] after the consonants [t], [d], [θ], [s], [z], [n], and [l].
		As in most North American accents, [ɒ] is merged with [ɑ], so that father rhymes with bother.
	www.aboutsociology.com /sociology/American_English (5167 words)

	USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center: Obsolete English Names of North American Birds and Their Modern Equivalents
		In some instances the accepted English name for neither population is applicable to the combined populations, and it has been deemed better to coin a new name rather than to continue the use of either old one.
		The present English name of the species to which the old name applies is in the middle column, and its present scientific name is in the right column.
		Current English and scientific names are based on the sixth (1983) edition of the Check-list of North American Birds and supplements to the Check-list published in the Auk in 1985 and 1987.
	www.pwrc.usgs.gov /research/pubs/banks/obsall.htm (1851 words)

	CANADIAN ENGLISH & NORTH AMERICAN
		“Americans” continued to migrate north, and by 1813, 80% of inhabitants of Upper Canada were American in origin.
		The first dictionaries to emerge in North America were “American.” Just as the United States was first to nationalize, so too was it first to codify its variety of English: particularly its spelling.
		Preface that “Plans were made to prepare three types of dictionaries: a series of dictionaries for use in schools and universities; a historical dictionary of the English language in Canada; a dictionary of Canadianisms, which was to serve as a pilot project for the larger historical dictionary of the English language in Canada” (vi).
	www.chass.utoronto.ca /~cpercy/courses/6362-koppel.htm (4518 words)

	MSU Libraries - Electronic Resources - Atlas of North American English
		The Atlas of North American English provides the first overall view of the pronunciation and vowel systems of the dialects of the U.S. and Canada.
		The Atlas redefines the regional dialects of American English on the basis of sound changes active in the 1990s and draws new boundaries reflecting those changes.
		It is based on a telephone survey of 762 local speakers, representing all the urbanized areas of North America.
	er.lib.msu.edu /item.cfm?item=047704 (202 words)

	North American English language
		Regional dialects of the United States are clearly defined in the East coast: dialect from the North, middle and South.
		Dialects from the North, where first British colony settlements occurred, keep better the way of talking from the South and Southeast of England, with the incorporation of indigenous words.
		Superbly illustrated in color throughout, and updated for this first paperback edition, The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the English Language is the most comprehensive general reference book on the history, structure, and worldwide use of English ever written.
	www.orbislingua.com /eaac.htm (399 words)

	The New Yorker: The Talk of the Town (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Labov’s new work, which is called “The Atlas of North American English,” constitutes the first coast-to-coast charting of all the major dialects spoken in the continental United States and Canada.
		This so-called “Northern Cities Shift” is spreading toward St. Louis along I-55, transforming the Inland North dialect, which used to be the model for standard American pronunciation.
		Labov explained that locals in such areas as northern Ohio and Michigan traditionally spoke precise English because they wanted to distinguish themselves from the speakers of Southern dialects in their states—a split that seems to go back to the Civil War.
	www.newyorker.com /talk/content/051114ta_talk_seabrook (935 words)

	SPHSC 111: American English Sound System (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		This course is an introduction to phonetic theory as it applies to (North) American English (NAE) for students who speak English as a second (or third/fourth/fifth...) language.
		If you are interested in the material but are very proficient in English, you may be interested in SPHSC 100.
		Students will have the opportunity to practice speaking and listening to NAE speech sounds in small groups during lab sections and outside of class.
	students.washington.edu /amacleod/SPHSC111_A/index.html (103 words)

	Atlas of North American English (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The Atlas redefines the regional dialects of American English and draws new boundaries reflecting the speech of the mid 1990s.
		The findings show a dramatic and increasing divergence of English dialects as vowels in different regions are rotated in opposite directions by the Northern Cities Shift, the Southern Shift, and the Canadian Shift, and other sweeping changes that are affecting the North American continent as a whole.
		The 26 chapters trace the influence of geographic and social factors by the multivariate analysis of population size, gender, age, occupation, and ethnicity.
	www.harrassowitz.de /top_offers/0405so04.html (181 words)

	E. L. Easton - American English
		American English pronunciation patterns / audio / Eva Easton
		American English Cambridge History of English and American Literature
		North American English: Phonological Atlas Univ. of Pennsylvania
	eleaston.com /am-eng.html (96 words)

	Symbols for American English Vowel Sounds
		The second is the Sun name for the phoneme sample (which is in most cases the same as the symbol used by First Byte in Monologue for Windows and its DOS forebears).
		Though it occurs in some New England dialects (path, tomato), back low unrounded ("Cardinal 5") sound (script a) is absent from most North American dialects, where the low, back, unrounded "a" is pronounced to various considerable degrees more forward in the mouth.
		Bear well in mind, however, that the Cardinal framework is for placing the vowels of all languages, not just English, and the matchup is approximate and incomplete.
	faculty.washington.edu /dillon/PhonResources/newstart.html (436 words)

	Mouton de Gruyter
		He is the author of major studies of the social stratification of English in New York City and Philadelphia, and surveys of sound changes in progress throughout the English speaking world.
		Charles Boberg is Associate Professor at McGill University, Montréal, Canada and Director of the McGill Dialectology and Sociolinguistics Laboratory.
		He has developed the North American Regional Vocabulary Survey and is the author of studies of the Phonetics of Montreal English and Canadian English.
	www.mouton-online.com /anae.php (355 words)

	American English - The Complete Beatles Tribute!
		It amazes me how each individual member of American English is so like his counterpart in The Beatles.
		American English has performed on all major networks:
		American English® is not endorsed by or affiliated with Apple Corps Limited.
	www.americanenglishbeatles.com /mainpage.htm (281 words)

	AOU - Check-list of North American Birds
		The A.O.U. Check-list of North American Birds is the official source on the taxonomy of birds found in North and Middle America, including adjacent islands.
		LIST OF THE 2,041 BIRD SPECIES (WITH SCIENTIFIC AND ENGLISH NAMES) KNOWN FROM THE A.O.U. This list incorporates changes made in the 42nd, 43rd, 44th, 45th, 46th, and 47th Supplements to the Check-list, as published in The Auk 117: 847-858 (2000); 119:897-906 (2002); 120:923-932 (2003); 121:985-995 (2004); 122:1026-1031 (2005); 123:926-936 (2006).
		The symbol "*" preceding name indicates a species that is probably misplaced in the current phylogenetic listing but for which data indicating proper placement are not yet available.
	www.aou.org /checklist/index.php3 (323 words)

	Walter de Gruyter - The Atlas of North American English (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Walter de Gruyter - The Atlas of North American English
		The Atlas re-defines the regional dialects of American English on the basis of sound changes active in the 1990s and draws new boundaries reflecting those changes.
		23 chapters that re-define the geographic boundaries of North American dialects and trace the influence of gender, age, education, and city size on the progress of sound change;
	www.degruyter.de /rs/bookSingle.cfm?isbn=3-11-016746-8&fg=SK&L=E&ad=he (598 words)

	textbooks (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		NOTE: All textbooks are for North American English unless otherwise noted.
		Texts for varieties of English other than the one you customarily use often are adaptable to other teaching contexts.
		Bradford, B. Intonation in context: intonation practice for upprer-intermediate and advanced learners of English.
	www.public.iastate.edu /~jlevis/SPRIS/textbooks.html (295 words)

	LINGUIST List 11.465: Chinese/English Taboo,North American dialects (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		This policy was instituted to help control the huge volume of mail on LINGUIST; so we would appreciate your cooperating with it whenever it seems appropriate.
		I'm an undergrad doing a paper on the comparison of English taboo and swearing to that of Chinese.
		I have a NIST spoken language corpus which identifies eight (New England, Northern, North Midland, South Midland, Southern, NYC, Western and 'Army Brat' (i.e.
	www.linguistlist.org /issues/11/11-465.html (245 words)

	Atlas of North American English
		The Atlas of North American English is an interactive CD-ROM that supplements the printed articles and maps by providing a database with measurements of more than 100,000 vowels and mean values for 439 speakers.
		It presents sound samples of North American dialects and multimedia material for further study.
		If you have questions, comments, or suggestions, please use the Ohio University Libraries' Feedback Form.
	infotree.library.ohiou.edu /single-records/3667.html (82 words)

	Chap (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Standard English (Fourth Edition.) Arnold Publishers, London, U.K. Chap.
		Non - systematic differences between North American English and English English pronunciation
		Further differences between American English and Canadian English pronunciation
	www.salisbury.edu /ace/books/t's_9.htm (66 words)

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