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Topic: North Anatolian Fault Zone

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	Earthquakes in Turkey - All About Turkey
		Initiated the eastward migration of significant earthquakes on the North Anatolian fault.
		Earthquakes on the North Anatolian fault are caused by the northwards motion of the Arabian plate against the Eurasian plate, squeezing the small Turkish micro plate westwards.
		The small Turkish micro plate is bounded on the east by the East Anatolian fault zone (EAFZ), on the north by the North Anatolian fault zone (NAFZ), on the west by a diffuse zone of deformation surrounding the greater Aegean region, and on the south by the Hellenic and Cyprus arcs.
	www.allaboutturkey.com /deprem.htm (1976 words)

	Progressive failure on the North Anatolian fault
		Faults are assumed to be vertical and to slip in the sense indicated by the arrows, except for the west end of the 1939 rupture, which dips 50°N and has oblique reverse slip.
		Faults were digitized at 5-km increments, with calculations performed with the fault projected in UTM coordinates, as in Fig.
		Barka, A. A., The North Anatolian fault zone, Annales Tectonicae, VI suppl., 164-195, 1992.
	quake.wr.usgs.gov /research/deformation/modeling/papers/anatolia.html (8973 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The Aegean- Anatolian Plate is moving towards the west at an average rate of around 25 mm/y relative to the adjacent Eurasian Plate.
		While failure on one part of a fault plane will tend to reduce stress in the rocks surrounding the rupture zone, it is likely to increase the stress in some other part of the fault plane, or on other nearby fault planes.
		Stress changes related to fault rupture affect specific areas of the fault zone in different ways, and if the physics of the fault is sufficiently well understood it should be possible to determine which areas have been subjected to stress reduction and which to stress increase following an earthquake.
	www.mala.bc.ca /~earles/anatolian-mar00.htm (973 words)

	Geological Society of America - GSA Today - v. 10, no. 6, June 2000 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The Marmara Sea is located on the transform fault, at a place where a notable southwestward swing occurs in the velocity field of the Aegean-Anatolian plate and where a broad zone of faults swings gradually to the southwest to connect the North Anatolian transform fault to the Saros-Ganos fault (Figs.
		The linkage of the faults in the ridges with the sidewall faults is poorly resolved because of the spacing of the seismic grid.
		This fault is interpreted as a footwall splay of the southern sidewall fault.
	www.geosociety.org /pubs/gsatoday/gsat0006.htm (2840 words)

	Geological Society of America - GSA Today - v. 10, no. 1, January 2000 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The North Anatolian fault is a major, right-lateral, continental strike-slip fault that accommodates the westward motion and counterclockwise rotation of Anatolia and extends approximately 1200 km from the Karliova triple junction to the Aegean Sea (Figure 1).
		The 1999 Izmit earthquake, on a fault segment specifically identified as a seismic gap (Toksoz et al., 1979; Stein et al., 1997), appears to be a continuation of the westward migrating historic earthquake sequence.
		While faults beneath the Marmara Sea are known to generate earthquakes (e.g., Barka, 1997), the geometry and nature of these active faults remain unclear, and the distribution of slip on specific faults within the Marmara is unknown.
	www.geosociety.org /pubs/gsatoday/gsat0001.htm (2970 words)

	North Anatolian Fault Field Trip Report
		Sag-ponds mark the fault trace and we noted and discussed the fact that the southern block of the fault is often uplifted.
		The northern fault block is uplifted along this section, and in the Ilgaz-Eksik area west of Berçin, we measured several right-lateral offsets of channels of 3.0 m, 5.0 to 6.0 m, and 2.3 to 3.8 m along the edges of streams.
		The fault traverses the city of Gerede and extends to the west and southwest until the Burnuk huge quarry showing a large and outstanding view of the fault zone with folded units and successive displacements of young alluvial deposits and paleosols.
	www.scec.org /news/newsletter/34anatolian.html (3574 words)

	BACKGROUND
		For this study the historic seismicity record in the vicinity of the North Anatolian Fault Zone (NAFZ) is used as the sole estimate of activity rate as input to the PSHA.
		The NAFZ is the northern boundary of the Anatolian block, which is moving to the west as a result of the continuing northward movement of the Arabian plate towards Eurasia (Figure 1).
		Dextral strike-slip faulting along the NAFZ appears to continue eastward, beyond the triple junction (41°E) with the East Anatolian Fault Zone (EAFZ), but is not as continuous as it is along the NAFZ (Jackson, 1992).
	meltingpot.fortunecity.com /wisconsin/238/naf.htm (3156 words)

	The Earthquake of 20 September 1999 in Taiwan - by Dr. George Pararas-Carayannis
		Briefly restated, the North Anatolian fault is a major fracture that transverses the Northern part of Asia Minor and marks the boundary between the Anatolian tectonic plate and the larger Eurasian continental block.
		The earthquake of November 12, 1999 occurred on the northern branch of NAFZ and broke a 60-80 km segment between Duze and Bolu.
		The NAFZ is a very large and well known system but there has been speculation that perhaps this latest November 12, 1999 quake occurred on a parallel branch to the major fault.
	www.drgeorgepc.com /Earthquake1999Turkey2.html (2017 words)

	TEMPORAL VARIATIONS OF THE FRACTAL PROPERTIES OF SEISMICITY
		Seismically-active fault zones are complex natural systems exhibiting scale-invariant or fractal correlation between earthquakes in space and time, and a power-law scaling of fault length or earthquake source dimension consistent with the exponent b of the Gutenberg-Richter frequency-magnitude relation.
		The North Anatolian Fault Zone (NAFZ) is a seismically-active dextral strike slip fault zone which forms the northern boundary of the westward moving Anatolian plate.
		The North Anatolian Fault and the East Anatolian Fault respectively defines the northern and southern east boundary of the westward moving Anatolian block.
	www.angelfire.com /al/geophysics/non/non.htm (3804 words)

	earthquake prediction-meteoquake (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Contrary, the Bitlis Thrust Fault Zone, which is not identified neither in the 3rd nor in the 6thdistributions, but this time identified by the six 4th earthquakes that they are characteristic magnitudes for a thrust fault zone.
		The great dextral NAFZ and sinistral EAFZ strike slip faults are produced by the “compression stress and torque stress” of Arabian autochthon, driven by African Plate and the “Sea Floor Spreading” Activity of Red Sea.
		This fault can be identified as a transform fault in the west part of Havza Town, a continental joint on the near east of Havza Town and a transcurrent fault on the Karliova Cross.
	www.meteoquake.org /uk.html (6027 words)

	North Anatolian Fault - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Anatolian Plate is grinding past the two plates at a rate between 1 and 20 cm per year.
		The NAF is a transform fault or right lateral strike-slip fault and crosses Turkey east to west.
		By analysing the stresses caused along the fault by each earthquake, they were able to forecast a disturbance that hit the town of Izmit with such devastating effect in August 1999.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/North_Anatolian_Fault_Zone (250 words)

	The Earthquake and Tsunami of August 17, 1999 in the Sea of Marmara, Turkey - by Dr. George Pararas-Carayannis
		The North Anatolian fault is a major fracture that transverses the Northern part of Asia Minor and marks the boundary between the Anatolian tectonic plate and the larger Eurasian continental block.
		It appears that most of the seismic strain along this section of the North Anatolian fault was released by the August 17, 1999 earthquake.
		A number of grabbens, fault offsets and other structural topomorphological features at the bottom of the Sea of Marmara indicate that seismic activity and movements of branches of the North Anatolian fault extend under the sea.
	www.drgeorgepc.com /Tsunami1999Turkey.html (2386 words)

	BSSA, Volume 95:4
		To the west of the main shock, 3.5 m of average slip on the Eften fault segment propagated into the 2-km-wide Cevizlik releasing double bend, where it was largely arrested, with smaller (<0.5 m) slip continuing westward on the Golyaka intervening segment, west of Lake Eften.
		This is similar to the termination of slip observed on the Karadere fault segment in the 1999 Izmit earthquake, where 1.5 m of slip was largely terminated by a releasing double bend at the Golyaka intervening segment, with minor slip continuing eastward near Lake Eften.
		From here to the east, the 2.5 m of average slip on the Kaynasli fault segment continued to decrease, reaching zero at the releasing step-overs to the Elmalik fault.
	www.seismosoc.org /publications/BSSA_html/bssa_95-4/04082.html (444 words)

	June 'Geology' and 'GSA Today' highlights
		The paper documents a tulip-shaped fault system, where the stem of the tulip, 5 km below the surface, is the seaward continuation of the plate boundary transform.
		This fault branches upward to define the margins of a series of extensional basins, with mainly southwest-oriented long axes, that serve to accommodate both transform motion and crustal extension.
		At shallower depths in the tulip-shaped fault zone, deformation appears to proceed by aseismic creep.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2000-05/GSoA-JaTh-3105100.php (1270 words)

	nuretdin kaymakci-proceedings
		Kaymakci, N. Geological constraints on the deformation machanism of eastern part of the Anatolian Block and characteritics of the East Anatolian Fault Zone.
		International Workshop on the North Anatolian, East Anatolian and Dead Sea Fault Systems: recent progress in tectonics and paleoseismology, and field training course in paleoseismology.
		Kansu, E. and Kaymakci, N. Reactivation tectonics in the Sungurlu segment of the Ezinepazari-Sungurlu Slay Fault Zone of the North Anatolian fault Zone (Turkey).
	www.metu.edu.tr /~kaymakci/proceedings.htm (837 words)

	IRIS Newsletter Volume 2000, No. 1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		This collision zone is further characterized by a 1500 meter topographic high (Anatolian plateau) with corresponding seismicity indicating that this region is still actively deforming.
		The North and East Anatolian faults have been active since the Miocene and are associated with large pull-apart basins, such as the Karliova Basin located at the junction of these two fault systems.
		The East Anatolian plateau and Bitlis suture offer a unique and excellent opportunity to understand the early stages of continental collision and its consequences: this understanding is also essential to develop better models for the later stages of this process.
	www.iris.edu /news/IRISnewsletter/volume2000no1/page-14-16.htm (1704 words)

	North Anatolian Fault Zone (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The NAFZ is the most prominent active fault in Turkey and has been the source of numerous large earthquakes throughout the history.
		The NAFZ zone splays into three strands to the west of about 30.5E (Barka and Kadinsky-Cade, 1988).
		To explain the structure of the northern strand of the NAFZ in the Marmara Sea, Barka and Kadinsky-Cade (1988) and Wong et al.
	tanasi.gg.utk.edu /izmit4/NAFZ.htm (132 words)

	Anatolian Plate - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Anatolian Plate is a continental tectonic plate consisting primarily of the country of Turkey.
		The southerly side is both a convergent boundary and a transform boundary with the African Plate to the west and the Arabian Plate to the east.
		The westerly side is a convergent boundary with the Eurasian Plate as Turkey is being pushed west as it is being squeezed between the Eurasian Plate on the north and both the African Plate and the Arabian Plate on the south.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Anatolian_Plate (160 words)

	Earthquake Research Project - Intro
		Here, the fault zone has a width of roughly 3 km and is clearly characterized by a distinct north-south contrast in the rock type: metamorphic rock in the north, right laterally displaced with respect to limestone in the south.
		There are indications for the hypothesis that this part of the North Anatolian Fault Zone may be a fault region of "difficult slip", and that here tectonic stresses may be building up considerably faster than in other areas of the fault.
		Additionally, geoelectric and seismic methods are involved in order to study the shallow structure of the fault zone down to a maximum depth of 2 km.
	www.gfz-potsdam.de /pb2/pb21/Mudurnu/intro.html (1426 words)

	Background Material
		Most earthquakes in the San Andreas Fault Zone show strike-slip motion and this is the dominate style of motion along the plate boundary (see, for example, the Annual Moment Tensor Maps).
		This type of faulting reflects the fact that the San Andreas Fault Zone is not perfectly parallel to the plate boundary and that some compression is the result.
		A new study of Bay Area faults is under way (a preliminary report was issued in 1996) and should be completed this year.
	seismo.berkeley.edu /eqw/99.08.18.background.html (633 words)

	Coseismic ruptures and tectonic landforms along the Düzce segment of the North Anatolian Fault Zone (Ms 7.1, ...
		As a whole, the long-term geomorphic expression of the Düzce Fault near the 1999 ruptures is evidence of the principal slip zone at depth that accommodates the bulk of the displacement during an individual rupture event.
		The long-term tectonic and geomorphic expression of the fault in a broader area around the 1999 ruptures defines a wider deformation zone.
		In fact, an old and complex fault arrangement has been mapped, partially coinciding with the 1999 rupturing fault, suggesting that the 1999 ruptures are an incomplete expression of the long-term Düzce fault system.
	www.agu.org /pubs/crossref/2006/2004JB003578.shtml (426 words)

	Earth-prints: Item 2122/1500
		Because of the mechanical interaction of the faults in the release junction, the western section of the Düzce fault undergoes a lower normal stress that may justify its complexities and earlier stage of evolution at the surface.
		The boundary at the surface between the two portions of the Duzce fault is not only a surface characteristic but it separates at depth a portion of fault plane characterized by a big single asperity, to the east, from a portion of plane with lower slip, to the west.
		[17] Barka, A.A., and P.L. Hancock (1984), Neotectonic deformation patterns in the convex-northwards arc of the North Anatolian fault zone, J. Geol.
	www.earth-prints.org /handle/2122/1500?mode=full (2341 words)

	ACT Appeals
		The second earthquake occurred on the North Anatolian Fault Zone (NAFZ) with a macro-seismic epicentre near the town of Golcuk (Kocaeli Province) in the western part of Turkey.
		The earthquake occurred on the North Anatolian Fault Zone (NAFZ) with a macro-seismic epicentre near the town of Golcuk (Kocaeli Province) in the western part of Turkey.
		The earthquake took place along the Duzce Fault Zone and caused damage and loss to be felt in the areas of Duzce, Kaynasli, Bolu, Akcakoca, Zonguldak and Adapazari.
	www.act-intl.org /appeals/appeals_2001/METR11.html (14979 words)

	DRAINAGE EVOLUTION ALONG THE NORTH ANATOLIAN FAULT ZONE, EASTERN MARMARA-TURKEY
		Physiographic prolongations in the region are E-W under the structural control of the North Anatolian Fault Zone (NAFZ).
		Late Pliocene paleo-morphology is distinctive on the Kocaeli Peninsula, situated in the northern block of the NAF between Central Marmara bend and Sakarya Basin.
		Average elevation of the surface is 200 m on the peninsula and slightly tilted toward north and paleo-valleys hanged along the northern margin of the Izmit Bay.
	gsa.confex.com /gsa/2004AM/finalprogram/abstract_77197.htm (510 words)

	Strain Partitioning and Stress Rotation at the North Anatolian Fault Zone from aftershock focal mechanisms of the 1999 ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Strain Partitioning and Stress Rotation at the North Anatolian Fault Zone from aftershock focal mechanisms of the 1999 Izmit Mw=7.4 Earthquake
		Strain Partitioning and Stress Rotation at the North Anatolian Fault Zone from aftershock focal mechanisms of the 1999 Izmit M
		The distribution of aftershock focal mechanisms corresponds to fault segmentation of the NAFZ in the Izmit-Düzce region produced by coseismic slip.
	www.gfz-potsdam.de /pb3/pg32/projects/Anatolian.html (279 words)

	Missouri Division - Turkey Earthquake Report By Jim Cooper
		The North Anatolian Fault Zone and the capital of Ankara is where the action was.
		Then with the drop of the span, the fault zone actually went underneath the drop span, resulting in a domino type of collapse.
		Of course, it's difficult to predict where that fault zone is. That's the problem for the seismologists, geologists, and for the design engineer in trying to accommodate it.
	www.fhwa.dot.gov /modiv/turkey.htm (4261 words)

	Turkelli et al. 2003, GRL (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		This paper focuses on the hypocentral distribution of local earthquakes located during the operation of the network and provides new insights into the active faulting in the Anatolian plateau.
		A total of 1165 earthquakes were located and classified into four different categories based on the reliability of the locations as established by the data coverage.
		Our results also suggest that the North Anatolian Fault zone extends farther toward the southeast, well beyond the Karliova triple junction, and that a number of unmapped active, seismogenic faults exist in the region.
	atlas.geo.cornell.edu /turkey/publications/Turkelli-et-al_2003.htm (313 words)

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