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	Official Records of the Union and Confederate Navies in Cornell University's Making of America
		Volume 4: Operations in the Gulf of Mexico (November 15, 1860 - June 7, 1861); Operations on the Atlantic Coast (January 1, 1861 - May 13, 1861); Operations on the Potomac and Rappahannock Rivers (January 5, 1861..
		Volume 5: Operations on the Potamac and Rappahannock Rivers (December 7, 1861 - July 31, 1865); Atlantic Blockading Squadron (April 4, 1861 - July 15, 1861).
		Volume 17: Gulf Blockading Squadron (December 16, 1861 - February 21, 1862); East Gulf Blockading Squadron (December 22, 1862 - July 17, 1865).
	cdl.library.cornell.edu /moa/browse.monographs/ofre.html (576 words)

	Frequently Referenced Vessels \| Bibliographies \| Resources \| Monitor Center
		On September 6, 1861, the Congress was assigned to duty in the North Atlantic Blockading Squadron.
		On March 8, 1862, while the Cumberland was on duty in Hampton Roads, she was rammed and sunk by the Virginia.
		Launched in 1855 at Boston Navy Yard, this sailing/screw frigate was the flagship of the Pacific Squadron before heading to the East Coast for repairs and decommissioning.
	www.monitorcenter.org /resources/bibliographies/reffvessels (1225 words)

	NCHS - Fort Fisher: Running the Blockade
		Blockaders that closed within range of Confederate shore batteries were sure to draw hostile fire.
		Blockaders engaging a suspicious vessel had to give proper signals as to the direction of the chase, in order to ensure the vessel's capture.
		For example, if a runner eluded the bar tending line of blockaders, the middle line was to be notified so that it could either stop the runner, or notify the cruiser line of the runner's approach.
	www.ah.dcr.state.nc.us /sections/hs/fisher/blockade.htm (602 words)

	USS Advance
		The second Advance—a schooner-rigged, sidewheel steamer built at Greenock, Scotland, by Caird and Co. was launched on 3 July 1862 as the Clyde packet Lord Clyde—was jointly purchased by the state of North Carolina and the firm of Lord Power and Co. to serve as a blockade runner during the Civil War.
		In addition to her reversed role— catching blockade runners as opposed to being one—she participated in the two expeditions against Fort Fisher, located on Confederate (Federal) Point at the mouth of the Cape Fear River.
		After a visit to Norfolk for supplies between 31 December 1864 and 11 January 1865, Advance returned to her blockade station off the Cape Fear River mouth on 13 January—Friday the 13th, to be exact, an ominous dav for the Southerners defend- Fort Fisher.
	www.navyhistory.com /CWNavy/Advance.html (1103 words)

	Naval History of the Civil War September 1864
		The blockade had been lifted in mid-February by Presidential proclamation (see 18 February 1864), but on 15 August Secretary of State Seward had informed Secretary Welles that it should be re-enforced once more because of the withdrawal of Union troops stationed in the area.
		the blockade of those places will be resumed from to-morrow morning (9th)." At this point in the war Union strength at sea was such that specific ports like Brownsville could be reclosed as necessary, while at the same time the iron ring of the entire coastal blockade tightened.
		North Carolina drew too much water to pass over the bars at the mouth of the Cape Fear River, and had spent virtually her entire career at Smithville.
	www.multied.com /Navy/cwnavalhistory/September1864.html (2757 words)

	NCHS - Fort Fisher: Running the Blockade
		Blockaders that closed within range of Confederate shore batteries were sure to draw hostile fire.
		Blockaders engaging a suspicious vessel had to give proper signals as to the direction of the chase, in order to ensure the vessel's capture.
		For example, if a runner eluded the bar tending line of blockaders, the middle line was to be notified so that it could either stop the runner, or notify the cruiser line of the runner's approach.
	www.fortfisher.nchistoricsites.org /blockade.htm (602 words)

	USS Britannia
		Britannia, a side-wheel steamer, was built in 1862 at Leith, Scotland; captured as a blockade runner by Santiago de Cuba in the Bahama Islands 25 June 1863; sent to Boston for adjudication; purchased by the Navy Department in September 1863; and commissioned 16 September 1863, Acting Master H. Savage in command.
		After repairs at Boston Navy Yard, she was ordered to join the North Atlantic Blockading Squadron off Wilmington, N. Enroute she developed boiler trouble and had to be towed to Beaufort, S. C., for temporary repairs.
		Between 24 and 16 March 1864 she was a unit of an expedition to Squadron and Roar Creek, N. C., during which one Confederate schooner was destroyed.
	www.historycentral.com /NAVY/CWNavy/Britannia.html (177 words)

	fort_don (Site not responding. Last check: )
		She was condemned as a prize at Boston, acquired by the Navy and placed in commission on 29 June 1864, with Acting Volunteer Lieutenant Thomas Pickering in command.
		She was assigned to the North Atlantic Blockading Squadron, cruising in blockade of the North Carolina coast through the remainder of 1864 with brief periods of repair at Norfolk.
		She operated with the South Atlantic Squadron until June when ordered to the West Gulf Squadron, was found to be in such poor condition that she returned to Norfolk.
	www.hazegray.org /danfs/steamers/f_donels.htm (208 words)

	Top 20 Encyclopedia
		The Union blockade refers to the naval actions between 1861 and 1865, during the American Civil War, in which the United States Navy maintained a massive effort on the Atlantic and Gulf Coast of the Confederate States of America designed to prevent the passage of trade goods, supplies, and arms to and from the Confederacy.
		The Gulf Blockading Squadron was a squadron of the United States Navy in the early part of the American Civil War.
		The North Atlantic Blockading Squadron was based at Hampton Roads, Virginia and was tasked with coverage of Virginia and North Carolina.
	encyc.connectonline.com /index.php/Union_blockade (1332 words)

	Merchant Marine in the Civil War
		The North conveniently forgot the War of 1812 was fought to defend the principle of freedom of the seas, and seized neutral ships trading with the South.
		This effort was short-lived because of the effectiveness of the blockade, the successful capture of privateers by the North, and their subsequent trials for piracy.
		The Onward was the inside ship of the blockading squadron in the main channel, and was preparing to fire when her commander made out the white flag.
	www.usmm.org /civilwar.html (2403 words)

	Civil War: Official Records of the Union and Confederate Navies
		Operations: Atlantic Blockading Squadron, July 16-October 29, 1861.
		Operations: North Atlantic Blockading Squadron, February 2-August 3, 1865.
		Operations: Gulf Blockading Squadron, December 16, 1861-February 21, 1862.
	www.archives.gov /research/alic/reference/military/civil-war-navies-records.html?template=print (389 words)

	Amazon.com: From Cape Charles to Cape Fear: The North Atlantic Blockading Squadron during the Civil War: Books: Jr, ...
		The Squadron grew out of Union General Winfield Scott's celebrated "Anaconda Plan," intended to choke the South by controlling the Mississippi River and blockading the southern coast, which would cut off commerce to the Confederacy.
		Originally the "Atlantic Blockade Squadron," it was later divided into a northern and southern blockade, with the more important northern blockade falling under command of three different commanders during the course of the war.
		Lee was the second commander of the Squadron, between Louis M. Goldsborough and David Porter, and Browning offers a sober and dispassionate assessment of his value to the navy during his arduous tenure as commander.
	www.amazon.com /Cape-Charles-Fear-Atlantic-Blockading/dp/081730679X (850 words)

	USN Ships--USS Malvern (1863-1865)
		Commissioned in February 1864 as USS Malvern, she was employed for much of the remainder of the Civil War as flagship of the North Atlantic Blockading Squadron.
		As such, she was present during the capture of Fort Fisher, North Carolina, in January 1865 and received credit for the subsequent capture of the blockade running steamers Charlotte and Stag.
		Beyond her is USS Malvern, flagship of the commander of the North Atlantic Blockading Squadron, Rear Admiral David Dixon Porter.
	www.history.navy.mil /photos/sh-usn/usnsh-m/malvern.htm (896 words)

	Lehigh
		A week later the new monitor joined the North Atlantic Blockading Squadron at Newport News, Va. She performed blockade duty in the Hampton Roads-Virginia Capes area, and on the night of 10 June joined a flotilla under Rear Adm. S.
		In March 1865, Lehigh joined the North Atlantic Blockading Squadron and served in the James River through the end of the Civil War.
		In April 1876 she was assigned to the North Atlantic Station, and operated in the vicinity of Port Royal.
	www.history.navy.mil /danfs/l5/lehigh-i.htm (414 words)

	Civil War Book Review -- Reviewers
		Fitzhugh Brundage is the William B. Umstead Professor of History at the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, and the author of The Southern Past: A Clash of Race and Memory (Belknap Press of Harvard University Press).
		is Kenan Professor of Anthropology at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
		He is the author of Black Identity and Black Protest in the Antebellum North (University of North Carolina Press, 2002), and co-editor (with Richard Newman and Phillip Lapsanksy) of Pamphlets of Protest: An Anthology of Early African-American Protest Literature, 1790-1860(Routledge, 2000).
	www.cwbr.com /civilwarbookreview/reviewers.html (13526 words)

	Official Records of the Union and Confederate Navies in Cornell University's Making of America
		Volume 5: Operations on the Potamac and Rappahannock Rivers (December 7, 1861 - July 31, 1865); Atlantic Blockading Squadron (April 4, 1861 - July 15, 1861).
		Volume 6: Atlantic Blockading Squadron (July 16, 1861 - October 29, 1861); North Atlantic Blockading Squadron (October 29, 1861 - March 8, 1862).
		Volume 17: Gulf Blockading Squadron (December 16, 1861 - February 21, 1862); East Gulf Blockading Squadron (December 22, 1862 - July 17, 1865).
	moa.cit.cornell.edu /moa/browse.monographs/ofre.html (576 words)

	Abel Parker Upshur
		He was promoted to master, 18 July, 1855, and to lieutenant, 14 September, 1855, served in the frigate "Cumberland" on the coast of Africa to suppress the slave-trade in 1858-'9, and was an instructor at the naval academy in 1859-'61.
		When the war began he was assigned to the North Atlantic blockading squadron, and participated in the capture of the forts at Hatteras inlet and in the sounds of North Carolina in 1861.
		He was promoted to lieutenant-commander, 16 July, 1862, assigned to the steam frigate "Minnesota," of the North Atlantic blockading squadron, in 1863-'4, and had the steamer "A. Vance" (a blockade-runner whose name was changed to the " Frolic ") in 1864.'5, in which he took part in both engagements at Fort Fisher.
	famousamericans.net /abelparkerupshur (778 words)

	CivilWar.com
		Chartered by the Navy in April 1861, as the Civil War began, she captured one suspected blockade runner in May. Purchased after the charter period ended, she was placed in commission a month later.
		Operations with the South Atlantic Blockading Squadron began in January 1862, and Keystone State took part the seizure of positions along the Florida and Georga coasts during March 1862.
		She was part of the fleet that assaulted Fort Fisher, North Carolina, in December 1864 and captured it in January 1865.
	www.civilwar.com /http://members.tripod.com/modules/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=3677&Itemid=143 (404 words)

	The Mariners' Museum - Monitor: History and Legacy
		The Saugus was assigned to the North Atlantic Blockading Squadron at Fort Monroe, Virginia.
		She was to protect army transports heading up the James River in an attack on Richmond.
		When Admiral Farragut declined an appoint to the North Atlantic Blockading Squadron plans were scrapped for attacking Wilmington and the Saugus was reassigned to the James River.
	www.mariner.org /monitor/08_legacy/class_monitor_8.html (476 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: )
		In addition to blockading duties, her men often took part in shore expeditions against the Confederates, as on 15 March 1862 on the Georgia coast.
		She also captured schooner ALBERT 1 May and British blockade runner CAMBRIA 26 May. As Union naval power increased the pressure on Charleston in coordination with the Army, HURON engaged batteries in the Stono River 30 May and took part in an engagement with Fort McAllister 29 July 1862.
		The veteran blockader made two more captures in December 1863-January 1864, and later in 1864 moved north to join the North Atlantic Blockading Squadron, whose main attention was turned to Wilmington, N.C., and its powerful defender, Fort Fisher.
	www.hazegray.org /danfs/steamers/huron.txt (504 words)

	USS Foote TB-3
		Commanding Portsmouth in the East India Squadron on 20 and 21 November 1856, Foote led a landing party which seized the barrier forts at Canton, China, in reprisal for attacks on American ships.
		She served as picket, patrolled, and carried orders from the flagship to ships of the squadron, and fro.m 23 April, patrolled the Cuban coast closely, primarily off the Cardenas entrance to Havana Harbor.
		From 27 June 1911 to 15 November 1916, she was assigned to the North Carolina Naval Militia, based at New Bern, then Iay at Charleston until returned to full commission 7 April 1917.
	www.historycentral.com /NAVY/TB/Foote.html (332 words)

	Joseph Lanman
		He was commissioned lieutenant, 3 March, 1835, and served in the West India squadron in 1840, on ordnance duty in 1845-'6, and in the Pacific squadron in 1847-'8.
		On 29 August of that year he was made commodore and assigned to the steam-sloop "Lancaster," of the Pacific squadron, in 1863, and the frigate "Minnesota," of the North Atlantic blockading squadron, in 1864-'5.
		Commander Lanman commanded the 2d division of Admiral Porter's squadron at the two attacks on Fort Fisher, and was commended in the admiral's official report.
	www.famousamericans.net /josephlanman (455 words)

	Samuel Phillips Lee, Rear Admiral, United States Navy
		In 1862, he was transferred to the West Gulf Blockading Squadron, and in April commanded the Corvette USS Oneida in the attacks under Flag Officr David G. Farragut on Fort Jackson and Fort St.
		In addition to blockade work, in which more than 50 blockade runners were captured or destroyed, his squadron supported a great many Army operations on shore, including General Benjamin Butler's army at Bermuda Hundres and movements on the James River.
		In October 1864, he was succeeded by Admiral David Dixon Porter and placed in command of the Mississippi Squadron, which provided valuable support on the Cumberland and Tennessee rivers to General George H. Thomas in his campaigns against General John B. Hood.
	www.arlingtoncemetery.net /sphlee.htm (539 words)

	USS Dawn (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Arriving on station 14 May she patrolled the coastal and inland waters of South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida, frequently exchanging fire with enemy shore batteries, and joining in the attacks on Fort McAllister of 21 January and 1 February 1863.
		She also assisted in the capture of several blockade runners, including the Confederate privateer Nashville with a valuable cargo of cotton.
		Out of commission at New York from 9 July to 2 December 1863 for repairs, Dawn departed 10 December to join the North Atlantic Blockading Squadron and cruised in the James River from 14 December 1863 to 25 March 1865, performing picket duty and assisting in keeping the river banks free from enemy batteries.
	www.multieducator.com /Navy/CWNavy/Dawn.html (275 words)

	Naval History of the Civil War September 1861
		Other blockade runners, unaware that the Union Navy now controlled the inlet, were also taken as prizes.
		Armored ships or batteries may be employed advantageously to pass fortifications on land for ulterior objects of attack, to run a blockade, or to reduce temporary batteries on the shores of rivers and the approaches to our harbors.'' The Board recommended construction of three ironclads (Monitor.
		Secretary of the Navy Welles instructed Flag Officer Du Pont, commanding South Atlantic Blockading Squadron: "The Department finds it necessary to adopt a regulation with respect to the large and increasing number of persons of color, commonly known as 'contrabands.' now subsisted at the navy yards and on board ships-of-war.
	www.multied.com /Navy/cwnavalhistory/September1861.html (1301 words)

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