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Topic: North Atlantic Drift

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	Atlantic - Encyclopedia.WorldSearch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		Bounded by North and South America on the west and Europe and Africa on the east, the Atlantic is linked to the Pacific Ocean by the Arctic Ocean on the north and the Drake Passage on the south.
		The Puerto Rico Trench, in the North Atlantic, is the deepest.
		Due to the Coriolis force, water in the North Atlantic circulates in a clockwise direction, whereas water circulation in the South Atlantic is counter clockwise.
	encyclopedia.worldsearch.com /atlantic.htm (2070 words)

	The North Atlantic Drift Current
		The N. Atlantic drift is the broad, northward flow of surface waters that replaces the sinking waters in the N. Atlantic polar seas.
		Because of the rapid advection of the North Atlantic gyre, the temperature of the surface waters of the NADC almost always exceeds that of both surrounding waters and the overlying atmosphere (Rossby, 1996).
		According to Krauss and Käse (1984), the North Atlantic Current, and not interference with the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, is the main source of eddy energy in the North Atlantic.
	oceancurrents.rsmas.miami.edu /atlantic/north-atlantic-drift.html (1750 words)

	TOBIN Demo
		North of the Gulf Stream these rings tend to be at the smaller end of this range and they rotate clockwise and enclose warm water.
		The North Atlantic pumps, and the Gulf Stream, are parts of the global ocean circulation system (dubbed the “conveyer belt” by oceanographers).
		At North Atlantic pumps, warm surface water arriving from the south is cooled by sub-Arctic air and sinks, so driving the pumps.
	www.referenceworld.com /tobindemo/gulfstream.html (1375 words)

	Barents Sea - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		It is a rather deep shelf sea (average depth 230 m), bordered by the shelf edge towards the Norwegian Sea in the west, the island of Svalbard (Norway) in the north-west, and the islands of Franz Josef Land and Novaya Zemlya (Russia) in the north-east and east.
		There are three main types of water masses in the Barents Sea: Warm, salty Atlantic water (temperature >3°C, salinity>35) from the North Atlantic drift, cold Arctic water (temperature <0°C, salinity<35) from the north, and warm, but not very salty coastal water (temperature >3°C, salinity<34,7).
		In the western parts of the sea (close to Bjørnøya), this front is determined by the bottom topography and is therefore relatively sharp and stable from year to year, while in the east (towards Novaya Zemlya), its can be quite diffuse and its position varies a lot between years.
	www.pineville.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Barents_Sea (474 words)

	NAO Chapter 2. Environment
		This portion of the manual is concerned primarily with the North Atlantic Region north of 27°N. This is the main "fly-way" between North American and European/Northwest African terminals.
		Hurricanes and tropical storms affect the southern regions of the North Atlantic particularly in the Caribbean sector and the area between Cape Verde and the Leeward and Windward Islands.
		The North Atlantic Drift passes just to the south on its course northeastwards, and one of its branches, the Irminger Current encircles the south, west and partly the north coasts.
	www.faa.gov /ats/aat/IFIM/NAOC02.HTM (2310 words)

	Gulf Stream
		The North Atlantic Drift forms the extension to the Gulf Stream which flows past the south coast of Labrador towards the west coast of Europe.
		In the North Atlantic, the heavy salt water becomes cold enough to sink, forming a deep ocean current called the North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW).
		This slowed and diverted the course of the Gulf Stream to such as extent that the regional climate of the Northeast Atlantic became considerably cooler.
	www.ace.mmu.ac.uk /eae/Climate/Older/Gulf_Stream.html (334 words)

	Gulf Stream - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Its extension toward Europe, called the North Atlantic drift, makes West-European countries considerably warmer than they would be otherwise.
		As it travels north, some of the warm water transported by the Gulf Stream evaporates.
		This increases the salinity of the water in the stream, and in the North Atlantic Ocean the water is so cold and dense with salt that it begins to sink.
	www.bucyrus.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Gulf_Stream (574 words)

	North Atlantic current - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The North Atlantic current is a powerful warm ocean current that continues the Gulf Stream northeast.
		One branch (the Canary current) goes south while the other continues north along the coast of northwestern Europe where it has a considerable warming influence on the climate.
		Climate change, especially global warming, may have a significant effect on the current.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/North_Atlantic_drift (100 words)

	PhD thesis for HTML -- Paper I (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		A possible coupling between the Arctic freshwater, the Arctic sea ice cover and the North Atlantic drift.
		The increased transport of salt into the northern North Atlantic and the Nordic Seas counteract the impact of the increased freshwater originating from the Arctic, leading to a stabilization of the NAD.
		The positive feedback on the North Atlantic Drift from an open Canadian Archipelago, as found in the perturbed simulations, underlines the need for representing this passage in global models used for climate studies.
	www.nrsc.no /~oddho/PhD_thesis/thesis_html_10.html (366 words)

	Western Europe - Climate
		The climate of Europe is adversely effected by the North Atlantic Drift (gulf stream) This brings warm, humid air from over the Gulf Stream to Europe.
		The warm waters of the North Atlantic Drift flow along the Atlantic coast of Norway and have a pronounced moderating effect on the climate.
		Influenced by Atlantic weather disturbances, precipitation is frequent and heavy, although amounts decrease toward the north.
	www.k12.nf.ca /swiftcurrent/ecosys/eclimate.html (709 words)

	North Atlantic current - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		If this current is sufficiently disrupted it could cause the mean temperature for Western Europe to fall by 5° Celsius.
		It is thought this may be caused by global warming leading to increased rainfall and melting of the Arctic pack ice.
		As the current is powered both by water temperature and salinity in the North Atlantic, such an increase of fresh water may pose a risk of disruption.
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/North_Atlantic_drift (191 words)

	CRU Information Sheet no. 7: Thermohaline circulation
		It is warmer in the North Atlantic because warm water is brought by the thermohaline circulation from the tropical and South Atlantic.
		Increased rainfall and warming over the North Atlantic are both expected as a result of increased greenhouse gas concentrations, and so it can be argued that global warming may cause a rapid collapse of the thermohaline circulation.
		The northern North Atlantic and NW Europe have annual temperatures that are about 9 degrees C above the average for their latitude, but this cannot all be attributed to the THC, since the wind driven ocean circulation helps to transport heat to these regions too.
	www.cru.uea.ac.uk /cru/info/thc (792 words)

	Arctic Rivers' Fresh Water Flows Could Change Atlantic Ocean Current
		The North Atlantic is the site where North Atlantic deep water is formed and it's a critical site in the global thermal circulation of the world's oceans.
		North Atlantic Drift, or the North Atlantic deep water formation, which is where the North Atlantic Drift ends up.
		If the North Atlantic Drift that brings the warm Gulf of Mexico water to Europe should stop, average winter temperatures in the Northeastern United States and in Western Europe could abruptly drop 10 degrees Fahrenheit.
	www.cambodianonline.net /earthmelt006.htm (2101 words)

	GULF STREAM FACTS AND INFORMATION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		The Gulf Stream, also known as the North Atlantic Drift, is a powerful, warm, and swift Atlantic ocean_current that originates in the Gulf_of_Mexico, exits through the Strait of Florida, and follows the eastern coastlines of the United States and Newfoundland.
		The Gulf Stream has a modifying influence on the climate of the east coast of North America from Florida to Newfoundland It is influential on the climate of the east coast of Florida, especially southeast Florida helping to keep temperatures warmer than in the rest of the southeastern United_States in the winter.
		This increases the salinity of the water in the stream, and in the North Atlantic_Ocean the water is so cold and dense with salt that it begins to sink.
	www.gottaorderflowers.com /Gulf_Stream (521 words)

	Fish Ireland - Your Ultimate Resource for Tuna Fishing in Ireland
		The North Atlantic Drift is a slow-moving body of water considered to be an extension of the North Atlantic Current.
		It is shallow, widespread and variable wind-driven surface movement of warm water that covers a large part of the eastern North Atlantic and slowly spills into the Nordic Seas.
		It is thought of as the boundary between the cold, sub-polar region and the warm, subtropical waters of the Northeastern Atlantic.
	www.fishireland.com /albacore.html (279 words)

	n00b : uh.. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		e largest vegetation zone in Europe, cutting across the middle portion of the continent from the Atlantic to the Urals, is a belt of mixed deciduous and coniferous trees—oak, maple, and elm intermingled with pine and fir.
		And in central Europe, the annual temperatures are steady throughout the region, ranging between 7º and 9º C, with milder climates in the west.
		It is also a shallow, widespread and variable wind-driven surface movement of warm water that covers a large part of the eastern subpolar North Atlantic and slowly spills into the Nordic Seas.
	www.greatestjournal.com /go.bml?journal=n00b&itemid=12162&dir=prev (1098 words)

	Climate Control Requires a Dam at the Strait of Gibraltar
		Although mixing with North Atlantic Drift water doubtless occurs, Reid's [1979] temperature and salinity data suggest that much of the cold outflow water passes on into the Nordic Seas.
		The diversion of North Atlantic Drift water as a function of the Mediterranean outflow is difficult to measure accurately because of the complex and fluctuating currents within the northern gyre.
		Probably not, because the redirection of warm North Atlantic Drift into the Nordic Seas would duplicate the strong meridional North Atlantic circulation of 8000 years ago, when the outflow was smaller, the Labrador Sea was cold, and deglaciation was rapidly removing the Laurentide Ice Sheet.
	www.agu.org /sci_soc/eosrjohnson.html (2664 words)

	Amazon.co.uk: Music: North Atlantic Drift (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		North Atlantic Drift simply continues the story on from Mechanical Wonder yet if a listener jumps from Moesley Shouls to the lastest release the difference in styles is quite apparent.
		Title track ‘North Atlantic Drift’ is simply excellent and on first listen is firmly planted in your mind.
		North Atlantic Drift is an album that should be in everyone’s collection this summer, standing up well alongside soundtracks to summer 1996 featured on Moseley Shoals.
	www.amazon.co.uk /exec/obidos/ASIN/B0000793XX (1232 words)

	Gulf Stream biography .ms (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		The Gulf Stream, also known as the North Atlantic Drift is a powerful warm, swift Atlantic ocean current that flows along the coast of the Eastern United States and makes Ireland, Great Britain, and the Scandinavian countries warmer than they would be otherwise.
		Its extension toward Europe is called the North Atlantic drift.
		This increases the salinity of the water in the stream, and in the North Atlantic Ocean the water is so cold and heavy with salt that it begins to sink.
	gulf-stream.biography.ms (385 words)

	Search Tuna Report for Gulf Stream Ocean (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		North of Cape Hatteras, it is separated from the coast by a narrow southern extension of the cold Labrador Current and flows NE into the Atlantic Ocean.
		The Sargasso Sea is a large North Atlantic area with floating seaweed and associated abundant marine life that lies between 20°-35°N and 30°-70°W, at the lower right corner of the images....
		The Gulf Stream - Classic CZCS Scenes The climate of the United Kingdom and continental Europe is considerably moderated by the influence of the warm water transported by the Gulf Stream....
	searchtuna.com /ftlive/2770.html (3324 words)

	Europe: Physical Geography
		The reasons for Europe’s mild climate are due to two factors; prevailing westerly winds and the North Atlantic Drift ocean current [euocncur].
		This is due to the North Atlantic Drift [euocncur].
		The warm water (relatively speaking) of the North Atlantic Drift warms the air masses that invade Europe from the west and provides enough moisture and instability that gives much of Europe beneficial precipitation [eupreces].
	www.harpercollege.edu /mhealy/g101ilec/europe/eud/euphys/euphytx.htm (1053 words)

	EO Newsroom: New Images - Temperature of the Gulf Stream
		The cool, shelf water from the north entrains the warmer outflows from the Chesapeake and Delaware Bays.
		The north wall of the Gulf Stream reveals very complex structure associated with frontal instabilities that lead to exchanges between the Gulf Stream and inshore waters.
		Several clockwise-rotating warm core eddies are evident north of the core of the Gulf Stream, which enhance the exchange of heat and water between the coastal and deep ocean.
	earthobservatory.nasa.gov /Newsroom/NewImages/images.php3?img_id=3975 (358 words)

	TroyRutter.com - Music : North Atlantic Drift (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		"North Atlantic Drift" is another fine collection of songs from Ocean Colour Scene.
		With North Atlantic Drift, Ocean Colour Scene continue to explore the brand of Northern soul they reinvented in the early 90's and was then made popular by bands like The Verve and Stereophonics.
		Though the palette is similar to past releases, North Atlantic Drift is more muscular and consistent...
	www.troyrutter.com /B0000ADXDO/North_Atlantic_Drift.htm (437 words)

	The Christian Science Monitor \| csmonitor.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		In broad terms, differences in sea water's heat and salt drive the formation of North Atlantic deep water, the subject of the study.
		They note that changes in North Atlantic thermohaline circulation, as the overall circulation regime is called, can vary widely over time scales ranging from decades to millenniums.
		More-conclusive results are likely to come, she continues, if researchers can deploy a series of remote-sensing buoys throughout the Atlantic to gauge not only what is happening at the surface, but at depth, over long periods of time.
	www.csmonitor.com /durable/2001/06/21/p15s1.htm (637 words)

	Mar-Eco - Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		Are the MAR communities extensions of the communities inhabiting the North Atlantic continental slope regions?
		In the region of the North Atlantic Drift, what is the effect of eastward drift and import of material from the west?
		Is the trophic structure of the northern mid-Atlantic ecosystem similar to that on the slope regions of the eastern and western sides of the Atlantic?
	www.mar-eco.no /activities/research (136 words)

	11/27/99 -- Freezing future
		Several teams have found signs that the current, which brings warm water to northwest Europe from the Gulf Stream, is being disrupted by a growing amount of freshwater entering the Arctic Ocean.
		The North Atlantic Drift is part of a global conveyor belt that brings warm surface water from the Gulf of Mexico to northwest Europe and sends cold deep water back.
		The belt is driven by two "pumps", one in the Greenland Sea and one in the Labrador Sea, where the surface water cools, sinks and then returns south.
	www.climateark.org /articles/1999/freefutu.htm (682 words)

	North Atlantic Drift on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		warm ocean current in the northern part of the Atlantic Ocean.
		It is a continuation of the Gulf Stream, the merging point being at lat.
		Britain, Australia, New Zealand and the Challenge of the United States, 1839-46: A Study in International History.(Book Review)
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/N/NA1tlD1r.asp (343 words)

	11/24/99 -- Ocean drift disruption could chill Europe
		The current, called the North Atlantic Drift, brings warm water northwards from the Gulf Stream.
		The belt is driven by two "pumps", one in the Greenland Sea and one in the Labrador Sea, where the surface water cools, becomes denser, sinks and then returns south.
		A computer model developed by Stefan Rahmstorf of the Potsdam Institute in Germany has already suggested that global warming could turn off the North Atlantic Drift but there has been no evidence that this is really happening.
	www.climateark.org /articles/1999/ocdridis.htm (647 words)

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