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Topic: North Darfur

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West Darfur

Shamal Darfur

North Kurdufan

Shamal Kurdufan

Marrah Mountains

Kordofan

Gum arabic

Geography of Sudan

Fulani language

	Darfur Peace and Development - Projects
		Darfur region which is about the size of France is 1/5 of Sudan with the population of 6.5 million.
		The goal of the Darfur Schools Project is to pay salaries for a local administrator, teachers and support staff and to facilitate the delivery of textbooks and supplies for the students so that academic achievement can be sustained for a minimum of one school year.
		Darfur Peace and Development Organization (DPADO) is a 501 (c) 3 non-governmental, non-profit and non-sectarian organization with the mission of promoting reconciliation and peaceful coexistence, achieving sustainable development, and advocating for human rights in Darfur.
	www.darfurpeaceanddevelopment.org /projects.php?project=schools (866 words)

	Darfur Background
		While the situation in Darfur is complex, the factors underlying this humanitarian catastrophe bear a striking similarity to the economic, ethnic, and political motivations that have contributed to previous incidents of genocide and “ethnic cleansing” throughout the world.
		The Darfur region of western Sudan – the states of North Darfur, West Darfur and South Darfur - is approximately the size of Texas.
		At that time, rebels in Darfur, seeking an end to the region's economic and political marginalization, also took up arms to protect their communities against an on-going campaign by government-backed militias recruited among groups of Arab culture in Darfur and Chad.
	www.the-ethic.org /darfurbackground.htm (1129 words)

	Sudan: Death Toll in Darfur
		The most important factor distorting the debate on deaths in Darfur has been the application of elevated mortality rates derived from site-specific surveys of displaced populations to the broader affected populace, of which they are not representative.
		The highest numbers of deaths are believed to have occurred during this period, primarily in West and North Darfur, with violence a major cause of death.
		The highest rates of mortality were already subsiding—and the cleansing of primarily non-Arab populations from large sections of Darfur was already completed—when the international community realized the scope of crisis in Darfur in the spring of 2004.
	www.state.gov /s/inr/rls/fs/2005/45105.htm (1447 words)

	espac.org - DARFUR IN PERSPECTIVE
		Al-Fasher, the historic capital of Darfur, is the capital of North Darfur state; Nyala is the capital of South Darfur state; and al-Geneina is the capital of West Darfur state.
		Darfur is an ecologically fragile area and had already seen growing– and often armed – conflict over natural resources between some 80 tribes and clans loosely divided between nomadic and sedentary communities.
		These forces have used Darfur as a battlefield on which to wage war against the Khartoum government– and ironically were, in large part, the same people who ruthlessly put down the attempted insurrection in 1990.
	www.espac.org /darfur-in-perspective (2148 words)

	Darfur Information.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-05)
		SMC said that in a separate incident, rebels on Monday attacked a truck chartered by the UN World Food Programme in North Darfur, unloaded and took away the food it was was carrying and then allowed the driver to drive on after beating him.
		Abdallah said other areas such as Al-Fashir in North Darfur and Nyala in South Darfur were not affected by the rains because they had a railway and asphalted roads.
		Al Ayam, reporting from the South Darfur capital, said the university administration on Tuesday announced the suspension of studies after clashes the previous day between students of the ruling National Congress party and those in opposition parties during a campaign for elections of the student union.
	www.darfurinformation.com /r_38_killed.asp (627 words)

	Darfur - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The agriculturalists settled around predictable water sources, primarily wadis that flooded during the rainy season from June to September, while the Baggara, Zaghawa and other pastoralists are semi-nomadic or transhumant, taking their herds north during the rainy season as the arid landscape turns green and then retreating south as the vegetation withers.
		The Tunjur sultans intermarried with the Fur and sultan Soleiman (reigned c.1596 to c.1637) is considered the founder of the Keira dynasty.
		During the mid-18th century the country was wracked by conflict between rival factions, and external war with Sennar and Wadai.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Darfur (1524 words)

	The New Yorker: Fact
		Darfur, which is roughly the size of Texas, was an autonomous sultanate until 1916, when it was conquered by Britain and incorporated into Sudan.
		Darfur’s inhabitants felt that the region was being ignored.
		Ibrahim Suleiman, the former governor of North Darfur, told me that whenever one of Hilal’s men died in an attack on a rival tribe he was beheaded by his fellow-tribesmen.
	www.newyorker.com /fact/content/?040830fa_fact1 (10991 words)

	news-darfur (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-05)
		The amount of rainfall determines the character of the population in broad bands going from north to south: camel herders in the northern arid zone, settled peasants in the center, cattle nomads in the south bordering on the Bahr-el-Ghazal Province.
		The “African” rebels point out that in spite of being a loyal part of the Muslim north, Darfur is in fact as badly off in terms of lack of infrastructure, neglect of education and economic underdevelopment as the Christian south.
		The SPLA has accepted not to mention the Darfur crisis in the course of the negotiations while the Khartoum government is trying to delay the signature of any agreement with the South long enough to crush the western insurrection.
	www.crimesofwar.org /onnews/news-darfur.html (2357 words)

	Press Briefing - Sudan
		In total, some 300,000 IDPs in North Darfur are cut off from WFP food aid as long as the current fighting continues to close most of the roads in the state for UN personnel.
		In South Darfur on 21 November, a police station was attacked on the edge of the Kalma IDP camp outside Nyala, resulting in the deaths of several police and alleged SLA fighters.
		But further north in the same area, around the towns of Rokero and Golo, there is a continuing climate of fear and uncertainty.
	www.wfp.org /newsroom/briefing/2004/Sudan/041125.html (633 words)

	Q & A: Crisis in Darfur (Human Rights Watch, 5-4-2004)
		Thanks to the prevailing climate of impunity in Darfur, the ceasefire agreement reached in April 2004 was repeatedly violated by all sides to the conflict, and the DPA’s permanent ceasefire agreement seems to be suffering the same fate.
		In his July 28, 2006 Report on the Situation in Darfur, Secretary General Kofi Annan proposed deployment of a U.N. peacekeeping mission in Darfur by January 2007, composed of from 15,000 to 19,000 troops with equipment adequate to protect civilians, and in the interim greatly enhanced U.N. support for AMIS (logistics, communications and staff).
		One was the referral of the situation in Darfur to the International Criminal Court in The Hague because of crimes against humanity and war crimes in Darfur.
	www.hrw.org /english/docs/2004/05/05/darfur8536.htm (3848 words)

	Around 70 000 farming families receive seeds and tools in North Darfur
		Some 550 tonnes of field crop seeds, including millet, sorghum and groundnut, and around 79 000 tools, including hand tools and donkey ploughs, were distributed outside displacement camps to conflict-affected households, but also to households in host communities to encourage people to stay on their land.
		There has been tension in Darfur for many years over land and grazing rights, however, after two years of conflict, drought and failed harvests, very few farmers in North Darfur have seeds to plant.
		Most of the population of North Darfur are dependant on locally produced grain for food.
	www.fao.org /newsroom/en/news/2005/105616/index.html (698 words)

	CNN.com - The war crime of rape in Darfur - Oct 27, 2004
		When I met her last month in a displaced persons camp in North Darfur, Aisha was sitting on the ground in a makeshift shelter with four other teenage girls.
		Rape in Darfur is a weapon of war, one that is illegal, illegitimate and yet dismayingly widespread.
		The women whom I spoke to at the refugee camp in North Darfur tried to report their rape to the local police outpost, but the police response was telling.
	edition.cnn.com /2004/LAW/10/27/rape.darfur (809 words)

	Mail & Guardian Online: Africa
		A new Darfur rebel alliance is ready for talks with the government but demands self-determination for the war-torn, arid west of the country, senior rebel leaders said on Thursday.
		Darfur rebels called on a former ally to rejoin their ranks on Wednesday as a top United Nations envoy said the government had lost two major battles in the western region, with reports of "very high" losses.
		North Africa Former Darfur rebels clash with police in Khartoum
	www.mg.co.za /articleList.aspx?area=north_africa (1060 words)

	USATODAY.com - Violence in north Darfur hinders aid delivery (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-05)
		One road west of El Fasher, the capital of North Darfur, leading to the town of Tawilla has been declared a "no-go" zone for U.N. personnel following reports of "serious disturbances" and rumors of "heavy skirmishes" between the government and the rebel Sudan Liberation Army, said Barry Came, a World Food Program staffer in Khartoum.
		The AU mission to Darfur has 300-500 personnel on the ground in Darfur, with a total of 3,320 troops to be deployed by Nov. 30.
		The United Nations considers the situation in Darfur to be the most serious humanitarian crisis in the world.
	www.usatoday.com /news/world/2004-11-21-darfur-aid_x.htm (560 words)

	USAID: Sudan: Darfur Humanitarian Emergency
		U.N. Under-Secretary General for Humanitarian Affairs Jan Egeland condemned the attack and blamed all parties to the Darfur conflict for the increasing number of attacks targeting humanitarian workers in recent weeks.
		On September 26 and 27, several hundred women and children IDPs Darfur Humanitarian Emergency — September 30, 2005 demonstrated, in one case blocking the entrance to the AMIS Civilian Police compound, and in another case congregating peacefully outside an NGO compound.
		Between September 27 and 28, Zam Zam camp in North Darfur received more than 7,000 new IDPs and lacks sufficient space to accommodate all those wishing to remain in the camp.
	www.usaid.gov /locations/sub-saharan_africa/sudan/darfur.html (1132 words)

	Darfur Watch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-05)
		This is relevant because there hasn't until now been a consensus on the number of Sudanese no longer alive as a result of the Darfur violence and as a result, the authors of the study assert, the press has resorted to using the ambiguous "tens of thousands" to pin a number on the situation.
		The tag line of Darfur Watch is "the World is Watching," but as I mention in the about section, the question is whether we should put a question mark at the end of that statement.
		Darfur Watch aims to help clarify where attention on Darfur is lacking and where it is still strong.
	darfurwatch.com (4193 words)

	Sudan: The Passion of the Present: North Darfur refugees live in increasing fear of Arab militias
		North Darfur refugees live in increasing fear of Arab militias
		A small patrol of AU troops, part of a 7,000-strong peacekeeping mission to Darfur, was tugging two of its cars out of a sandy riverbed when the fighters rushed by.
		Darfur Stereotyping Fraught with Danger: Widespread dissemination of misperceptions may impede peace negotiations (by Ayesha Kajee)
	platform.blogs.com /passionofthepresent/2006/10/north_darfur_re.html (933 words)

	SignOnSanDiego.com > News > World -- Sudan lifts state of emergency in North Darfur
		EL FASHER, Sudan –; Sudan said it had lifted all restrictions on aid workers and revoked a state of emergency in the troubled North Darfur state on Saturday, after rebels pulled out from a town they occupied last week.
		Following the attack, the World Food Programme said it had withdrawn all its staff to the North Darfur capital of El Fasher and frozen all operations, leaving 300,000 refugees out of reach.
		The Governor of North Darfur state, Osman Kebir, told visiting European Commissioner for Development and Humanitarian Aid, Louis Michel, that all restrictions on aid work due to this emergency had been lifted.
	www.signonsandiego.com /news/world/20041127-1037-sudan-darfur.html (553 words)

	Agency issues statements on North Korea, Darfur, violence - UMC.org
		WASHINGTON (UMNS) -- Nuclear weapons testing in North Korea, the continuing humanitarian crisis in Darfur, and the recent school shooting in Pennsylvania were of utmost concern to the members of the United Methodist Board of Church and Society during the agency's fall meeting.
		"Clearly the action by North Korea is a major destabilizing action not only for the world but specifically for the Korean peninsula," said the Rev. Steve Sprecher, chairperson of the Peace with Justice/United Nations and International Affairs work area of the board.
		Congress recently passed the Darfur Peace and Accountability Act, directing President Bush to block assets of and deny visas to individuals believed to be involved in acts of genocide or other war crimes in Darfur.
	www.umc.org /site/c.gjJTJbMUIuE/b.2177049/k.4903/Agency_issues_statements_on_North_Korea_Darfur_violence.htm (597 words)

	SudanTribune article : Darfur holdout group says control entire North Darfur region (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-05)
		The National Redemption Front (NRF) declared that the State of North Darfur is now entirely clear of any forces belonging to Minni Minawi, the signatory to the Abuja Agreement, DPA in last May.
		Three Darfur rebel groups that have refused to sign up to an African Union-mediated peace deal for the troubled western Sudanese region formed a new alliance to fight Khartoum on 30 June.
		Khalil Ibrahim, a member of the NRF Leadership Authority and President of the rebel Justice and Equality Movement (JEM) said that the NRF had to repel continuous attacks by “Minawi’s forces and his Janjaweed and government allies”.
	www.sudantribune.com /article.php3?id_article=16766 (454 words)

	Large clashes reported between rebel and government forces in North Darfur North County Times - Nation / World -
		The U.N. refugee agency said Tuesday it was hoping to move 40,000 Darfur refugees living in Chad away from camps close to the Sudanese border because of nearby gunfire and bombardment.
		The rebels said in a statement that they were attacked by a force of Sudanese army and a pro-government militia of Arab nomads known as the janjaweed, accused of some of the worst atrocities against ethnic African villagers in fighting that began in 2003.
		But three international observers based in Darfur said they believed the assault was jointly launched by NRF rebels and a unit from the Chadian army that had crossed the border into Sudan.
	www.nctimes.com /articles/2006/10/11/news/nation/16_50_4610_10_06.txt (1227 words)

	The Online NewsHour: Crisis in Sudan \| Janjaweed Militia \| PBS
		On Feb. 27, 2003, bandits mounted on horses stormed into the town of Tawilla in Sudan's north Darfur region and executed a "well-organized attack" on its residents.
		The Janjaweed has been a key force in the government's campaign in Darfur "that has resulted in the murder, rape and forced displacement of thousands of civilians," said Human Rights Watch, a nonprofit organization particularly concerned about Darfur.
		An audio slide show depicting refugees at two of Darfur's displacement camps caught in the middle of a three-year conflict between Sudan's government and rebel forces.
	www.pbs.org /newshour/indepth_coverage/africa/darfur/militia.html (961 words)

	Escalating violence displaces 25,000 in North Darfur
		"Access to the local population in North Darfur is at an all-time low," she warned.
		The situation in Darfur has deteriorated since the signing of the Darfur Peace Agreement (DPA) between the Sudanese government and the largest of the three main rebel factions, the Sudan Liberation Movement/Army (SLM/A) under the command of Zaghawa leader Minni Minnawi, said a political analyst, who declined to be named.
		Kingibe and Pronk urged all the parties to "cease attacks and refrain from provoking attacks", stressing that a military solution to the ongoing conflict "was not an option".
	www.yubanet.com /artman/publish/article_39877.shtml (704 words)

	Sudan - Amnesty International
		In Darfur in western Sudan government forces and allied militias continued to kill thousands and displace tens of thousands of people living in rural areas, especially during the first three months of 2004.
		A ceasefire signed in April by the government and armed groups based in Darfur — the Sudan Liberation Army (SLA) and the Justice and Equality Movement (JEM) — was violated by all sides.
		Twelve people from Mellit, North Darfur state, arrested by the Positive Security in August were tortured to make them confess to fabricating a video tape showing rapes.
	web.amnesty.org /report2005/sdn-summary-eng (2482 words)

	Welcome to HIC - Humanitarian Information Centre for Darfur
		The HIC is a common service for the whole humanitarian community working in the Darfur region of Sudan.
		Managed by OCHA, the HIC strives to be a common information sharing platform for improved strategic and operational decision making in Darfur.
		Return-oriented Profiling in the Southern Part of West Darfur and corresponding Chadian border area
	www.humanitarianinfo.org /darfur (112 words)

	Scoop: Sudan: Attacks On Rebels In North Darfur Must Stop (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-05)
		The incident in the area of Kulkul in North Darfur State was preceded by fighting between the same rebel group and the Sudan Liberation Army/Minni Minawi faction, and then between the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) and the rebel group.
		All parties involved in the ongoing conflict in Darfur are required to “fully cooperate with the African Union in order to ensure prompt and thorough investigations into any reported fighting,” the envoys noted.
		Nuke Crisis: North Korea Re-Commits To Nuke Talks - United Nations Secretary-General Kofi Annan, who has repeatedly called on the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK) to return to the six-party talks seeking to resolve the issue of its nuclear programme, today hailed news of their resumption and called for an early meeting.
	www.scoop.co.nz /stories/WO0608/S00026.htm (725 words)

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