North-central Caucasian languages

North-central Caucasian languages - Factbites
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Topic: North-central Caucasian languages

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	MSN Encarta - Print Preview - Language
		Languages of the Algonquian and Iroquoian families constitute the major indigenous languages of northeastern North America, while the Siouan family is one of the main families of central North America.
		The family consists of a number of subfamilies or branches (groups of languages that descended from a common ancestor, which in turn is a member of a larger group of languages that descended from a common ancestor).
		The Austronesian languages, formerly called Malayo-Polynesian, cover the Malay Peninsula and most islands to the southeast of Asia and are spoken as far west as Madagascar and throughout the Pacific islands as far east as Easter Island.
	encarta.msn.com /text_761570647___36/Language.html (2188 words)

	Caucasian - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		in linguistics, the languages of the Caucasus are a large number of languages spoken in the Caucasus area; often specifically those that have no demonstrated relatives outside of that region, which are classified into the South, Northwest, Northeast, and North-central Caucasian language families.
		Caucasian is originally a geographical term, meaning relative or pertaining to the Caucasus region of Eastern Europe and West Asia.
		Usage of the term "Caucasian" for "White Colored Person" is common in many countries of the Anglosphere, but it is not universal.
	www.secaucus.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Caucasian (439 words)

	Caucasus Foundation
		All the Caucasian languages have a series of stops of three types--voiced, voiceless aspirated, and glottalized (i.e., pronounced, respectively, with vibrating vocal cords; with vocal cords not vibrating but with an accompanying audible puff of breath; and with accompanying closure of the glottis [space between the vocal cords]).
		Along with the consonants that occur in all the Caucasian languages, the Abkhazo-Adyghian languages are characterized by different sets of labialized consonants (formed by rounding the lips), strong (hard or tense) consonants, half-hushing consonants, and velarized consonants (formed with the back of the tongue approaching the soft palate).
		The consonant systems of the Nakh languages are relatively simple, coinciding, on the whole, with those of the South Caucasian languages (apart from a number of pharyngeal consonants characteristic of all the Nakh languages and a lateral sound peculiar to Bats).
	www.kafkas.org.tr /english/kultur/diledebiyat.html (2513 words)

	caucasian
		North Caucasian languages - North Caucasian languages is a blanket term for two distinct, but possibly related, phyla of languages spoken in the north Caucasus and in Turkey.
		Kabardian language - This Northwest Caucasian language is spoken in Russia, Jordan and Turkey.
		Caucasian - Caucasian is originally a geographical term, meaning relative or pertaining to the Caucasus region of eastern Europe.
	www.serebella.com /search/topic-caucasian.html (394 words)

	Alaskool - Many Tongues, Ancient Tales
		Central Alaskan Yupik is the largest ethnic group in Alaska and is the language now spoken by the largest number of native persons in both the American and Soviet sides of the North Pacific Rim.
		The languages on the Soviet side, with the definite exception of Yakut and possible exception of some Chukchi, are now spoken by few or none under the age of 20.
		This grouping does not imply any claims of genetic relationship but rather emphasizes that these languages are relics of families much more ancient to the Soviet Far East than the Tungusic and Turkic, which expanded more recently into it from the south and west.
	www.alaskool.org /language/manytongues/ManyTongues.html (3421 words)

	North Central Caucasian languages - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The North Central Caucasian languages (also Nakh languages or Vaynakh languages) are a family of languages spoken mostly in Russia (Chechnya and Ingushetia) and Georgia.
		The Chechen diaspora is spread all over the Muslim countries in the Middle East and Central Asia.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/North_Central_Caucasian_languages (89 words)

	North Central Conference
		The North Central Conference is a College Athletic Conference which operates in the north central United States.
		north central conference american conference conference phone pharma conference conference room conference software safety conference conference systems conference facilities conference table conference venue energy conference
		North Dakota State University, the University of Northern Colorado, and South Dakota State University are all transitioning their athletics programs from Division II to Division I. These schools have become founding members of the Division I-AA Great West Football Conference, which will begin play in the fall of 2004.
	www.serebella.com /encyclopedia/article-North_Central_Conference.html (368 words)

	Ingush language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Ingush and Chechen, together with Bats, constitute the Nakh language branch of the Northeast Caucasian language family.
		Ingush language is a language spoken by approximately 230,315 people (1989) across a region covering Ingushetia, Chechnya, Uzbekistan and Russia.
		Ingush is the official language of Ingushetia, a federal subject of Russia.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ingush_language (155 words)

	The Ingush People
		97% or more of the Chechen and Ingush claim these as their first languages, though most also speak Russian, generally quite fluently, and the generation that was of school age during the 1944-56 deportation is often Russian-dominant.
		The entire ethnic group and its leadership was referred to as `bandits', `gangsters', etc., during the war, and Caucasians in general but especially Chechens were and are publicly stigmatized as associated with organized crime.
		To place the question of language spreads and language origins in perspective, all three indigenous language families of the Caucasus have occupied their present territories for millennia longer than any language or language family of Europe, with the possible exception of Basque, has occupied its present territory.
	ingush.berkeley.edu:7012 /ingush_people.html (3730 words)

	ABKHAZIA.ORG - The Abkhaz Language
		When the Young Written Languages of the USSR were forced to move to Cyrillic-based scripts in 1936-38, Abkhaz (along with South Ossetic) was compelled to accept a Georgian-based orthography, which lasted until the death of (Georgian) Stalin.
		Following the expulsion of so many Abkhazians to the Ottoman Empire after Russia's conquest of the North Caucasus in 1864 and the forced immigration into Abkhazia of Slavs, Armenians and especially Mingrelians during the 1930s the Abkhazians are a 17% minority on their own territory.
		This will surely guarantee the survival and indeed strengthening of the language, which represents the only one the two communities share and which will underpin the consolidation of their ethnicity that both seem to desire.
	www.abkhazia.org /lang.html (1249 words)

	Language-planning for North Caucasian Languages in Turkey By George Hewitt
		On the whole, the indigenous Caucasian languages, which form either two or three distinct families (depending on whether or not one believes that North West Caucasian and Nakh-Daghestanian derive from a common ancestor) are spoken today over what are regarded as their ancestral territories (with some local expansion or reduction in certain cases).
		I found this series of meetings with the last speaker of his language, who was so keen to help in any way anyone with an interest in exploring the knowledge that he knew would perish with him, a profoundly moving experience that has coloured my attitude to the study of Caucasian languages ever since.
		As for the diaspora, it suddenly became necessary for ethnic N.W. Caucasians to become proficient in the local major language, which in most cases was either Turkish or Arabic, in addition to however many Caucasian languages they used in their home- and village-life.
	circassianworld.5u.com /hewitt.html (3978 words)

	Chechen Republic of Ichkeria
		In the west, it borders North Ossetia and Ingushetia, in the north, Stavropol Kray, in the east, Dagestan, and to the south, Georgia.
		The primary languages of Chechnya are Chechen and Russian.
		Situated in the eastern part of the North Caucasus, Chechnya is surrounded on nearly all sides by Russian territory.
	www.unpo.org /member.php?arg=14 (1349 words)

	Caucasian_languages
		The two extinct languages been grouped into the Hurro-Urartian family, and the name Alarodian has been proposed for the union of the Northeast (and perhaps North-central) Caucasian and Hurro-Urartian families.
		The reality of the North Caucasian family is not yet widely accepted; many of the cognates that have been claimed between its branches may actually be be loanwords.
		The term Caucasian languages is loosely used to refer to a large and extremely varied array of languages spoken by more than seven million people in the Caucasus region of Eastern Europe and Western Asia, between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea.
	www.comicscomics.com /search.php?title=Caucasian_languages (782 words)

	Caucasian languages - InfoSearchPoint.com
		The central branch gave rise to Lak and Dargwa, the southern branch to Lezgi and Xinalux or Khinalugh.
		Generally, the former are spoken south of the Caucasus and the latter north of the Caucasus watershed.
		Some analyses of Proto-South Caucasian indicate that this protolanguage possessed just one phonemic vowel; this bears an interesting resemblance to some reconstructions of the Proto-Indo-European language, which has also been reconstructed with just one vowel (although this is not widely accepted).
	www.infosearchpoint.com /display/Caucasian_languages (519 words)

	Languages : Dravidian Family
		North India is dominated by languages of the Indo-European Family.
		These constants give Indian languages their distinctive sound and are formed with the tongue rolled up to the top of the mouth.
		The languages once covered all of the Indian sub-continent and originated in the Indus Valley (modern Pakistan).
	www.krysstal.com /langfams_dravidian.html (161 words)

	Ellipsis - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In some programming languages (Perl, Ada etc), a shortened 2-character ellipsis is used to represent a range of numbers.
		In Polish language ellipsis (called wielokropek which means multidot) is always composed of three dots without any spaces between.
		There is also no space between the ellipsis and the preceding word, but there is always a space after ellipsis, unless the next character is a closing bracket or quote mark, in which case the space is used after that character.
	lighthousepoint.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/... (1003 words)

	Graduate Application, School of Business, North Carolina Central University
		North Carolina Central University is a constituent of The University of North Carolina, which is committed to equality of educational opportunity and does not discriminate against applicants, students, or employees based on race, origin, religion, gender, age, or disability.
		Moreover, North Carolina Central University is open to people of all races and actively seeks to promote racial integration by recruiting and enrolling a larger number of white students.
		International applicants who are graduates of institutions of higher education located outside of the U.S.A. in non-English speaking countries are required to demonstrate proficiency in the English language, generally by having official scores from the Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL) submitted as part of the application packet.
	www.nccu.edu /business/graduate/app/application.htm (767 words)

	LINKS TO NORTH CAUCASIAN SITES
		Kabardino-Balkaria, autonomous republic in southwestern Russia, in the north central Caucasus Mountains.
		POPULATION OF THE NORTH CAUCASIAN REPUBLICS IN 1992-1995
		Language of Dissent: Language, Ethnic Identity, and Bilingual Education Policy in the North Caucasus
	www.geocities.com /Eureka/Enterprises/2493/cauclink.html (2264 words)

	Ibero-Caucasian languages - Famous Women
		The Ibero-Caucasian group would also include the extinct languages Hattic, Hurrian and Urartian, which have been connected by some linguists to the Northwest and Northeast families.
		The name "Iberian" refers to Caucasian Iberia, a kingdom centered in Eastern Georgia which lasted from the 4th century BC to the 5th century AD, and is not related to the Iberian Peninsula.
		Because of its historical connections to the country of Georgia, the use of "Iberian" to refer to the four language families is deprecated by some speakers of those languages.
	www.famous.tc /Iberian-Caucasian_languages.html (187 words)

	stds35.cod
		Language classification is often tentative, especially at higher levels (e.g., phyla), and is a source of considerable disagreement among linguists.
		Language continent is not strictly a linguistic classification, but a possible index of historical provenience.
		These are provisional rather than definitive language codes, for use primariliy in testing hypotheses where these codes are a proxy for the degree of language similarity via common origin.
	eclectic.ss.uci.edu /~drwhite/worldcul/stds35.cod (470 words)

	Language
		Amerindian (600 languages of North and South America) -- the most speculative of all; most specialists in American Indian languages consider these to be independent families.
		Georgian [4]) -- speculative: most consider at very least that Georgian (Kartvelian) is separate from the other Caucasian languages.
		Caucasian (in the Caucasus Mountains of Russia, e.g.
	www.ship.edu /~cgboeree/genpsyintrolang.html (441 words)

	North Caucasian Bibliography
		George Hewitt is Professor of Caucasian Languages at the School of Oriental and African Studies, the University of London.
		The Kryz language is a subdivision of Dzhek, which forms with Lezghian, Agul, Tsakhur, Tabasaran, Budukh, and Rutul, the Samurian subdivision of the NE Caucasian languages.
		The Kubachi language (Ughbughan hub) forms with the closely related Dargwa and Kaitak the Dargwa sub-group of the Lak-Dargwa group of the NE Caucasian languages.
	www.geocities.com /Eureka/Enterprises/2493/circbibliog.html (8643 words)

	Repertoires of characters
		Some of Europe's languages (particularly in the Caucasus) still have no tradition of writing and so are not represented in the main body of the report; though other information on them is provided in Annex C for the sake of completeness.
		Some languages, such as Welsh, treat a string of two characters as a single letter for alphabetizing: thus, for Welsh "a b c ch d...", all words beginning with "ch" follow all words beginning with "cy" and precede words beginning with "da".
		For some of these languages, the populations speaking them are rather large; some of the languages with standard orthographies have very small numbers of speakers.
	www.evertype.com /standards/tc304wg2/p11 (2415 words)

	Caucasian Languages Encyclopedia Article, Definition, History, Biography
		Search for caucasian languages - Find results for caucasian languages and anything else you are looking for instantly!
		Looking For caucasian languages - Find caucasian languages and more at Lycos Search.
		Look for caucasian languages - Find caucasian languages at one of the best sites the Internet has to offer!
	www.karr.net /search/encyclopedia/Category:Caucasian_languages (211 words)

	North Central Caucasian languages -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article
		North Central Caucasian languages -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article
		(A northern Caucasian language spoken by the Chechen people) Chechen &; approximately 950,000 speakers.
		[Categories: Language families, Languages of Russia, Caucasian languages]
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/N/No/North_Central_Caucasian_languages.htm (83 words)

	CIA - The World Factbook -- Northern Mariana Islands
		Oceania, islands in the North Pacific Ocean, about three-quarters of the way from Hawaii to the Philippines
		Philippine languages 24.4%, Chinese 23.4%, Chamorro 22.4%, English 10.8%, other Pacific island languages 9.5%, other 9.6% (2000 census)
		A new government and constitution went into effect in 1978.
	www.cia.gov /cia/publications/factbook/geos/cq.html (928 words)

	MSN Encarta - Search Results - Adyghe
		The three language families in the North Caucasian group are North-West Caucasian; North-Central Caucasian, also known as Nakh or Veinakh; and...
		Exclusively for MSN Encarta Premium Subscribers--quickly search thousands of articles from magazines such as Time, Newsweek, The Atlantic Monthly, and Smithsonian.
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	encarta.msn.com /Adyghe.html (50 words)

	The World Factbook 2004 -- Australia
		generally arid to semiarid; temperate in south and east; tropical in north
		Caucasian 92%, Asian 7%, aboriginal and other 1%
	www.brainyatlas.com /geos/as.html (1079 words)

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Topic: North-central Caucasian languages

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