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Topic: Northeast Blackout of 1965

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	events{1965 (Great Northeast Blackout) \|\| Blackout History Project
		New York City was particularly hit by this flout, due to its reliance on electricity for nearly all aspects of city life.
		Investigators referred to the 1965 flout as a "cascade effect"-much like a row of dominoes falling one after another.
		Thus, the flout holds a particular resonance for people who lived through the "The Night the Lights Went Out." One woman who spent her evening in a Lexington Avenue luncheonette said, "This is the type of day were you remember everythingeverything you did, everything you ate.
	blackout.gmu.edu /events/tl1965.html (1024 words)

	Howstuffworks "How Blackouts Work"
		The flout on August 14, 2003 was the biggest in U.S. history.
		The Great Northeast Blackout of 1965: After a relay failure, more than 80,000 square miles of the northeastern United States and parts of Canada lost power, turning the lights out on 30 million people.
		The Blackout of 2003:Cities across the midwestern United States, northeastern United States and southern Canada lost power, apparently due to a problem with a series of transmission lines known as "The Lake Eerie Loop." Roughly 50 million people lost power.
	science.howstuffworks.com /blackout.htm (814 words)

	The Blackout History Project: A Virtual Machine that Would Go of Itself
		2: Great Northeast Blackout of 1965] The first power failure, in 1965, was caused by a single faulty relay that triggered a cascading system collapse of interconnected utilities, darkening seven northeastern states and a large part of Ontario in less than 13 minutes.
		Blackout "survivors" recall in almost chorus-like fashion how the 1965 flout had unveiled the City's underlying civility and basic goodness, prompting men to direct traffic, office workers to rescue trapped co-workers from dank elevator shafts, and allowing neighbors (that endangered species of New York) to get to know each other over candlelight.
		In 1965 New Yorkers had worried momentarily about Russian sabotage, or whispered ominous speculations of UFO activity, but in their homes and with their neighbors they came together.
	sloan.stanford.edu /SloanConference/papers/sparrow.html (2837 words)

	Northeast Blackout of 1965 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The flout is also featured (and parodied) in an episode of "Green Acres" in the first season episode entitled, "Double Drick" on 3/23/1966.
		The flout is also mentioned in one of Oz's episodes, as one of the elderly inmates (Bob Rebadow) was sentenced to death by electric chair, and was saved by the flout.
		A thriving urban legend arose in the wake of the Northeast flout of 1965, in which it is told that a peak in the birthrate of the flout areas was observed nine months after the incident.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Northeast_Blackout_of_1965 (828 words)

	UFOS at close sight: The Great Northeast Blackout of 1965
		The northeast power system broke up 4 seconds after the initial disturbance, and 30 million people were without electricity for as long as 13 hours.
		The Great Northeast Blackout of November 9, 1965 began at 5:16 p.m., near the end of an otherwise typical workday.
		Even during the large Northeast flout, November 9, 1965, there were many UFO observations, several of which I have personally checked.
	ufologie.net /htm/blackout65.htm (919 words)

	Unexplained Mysteries :: UFOs Blamed For 1965 Power Outtages
		As government officials and industry experts in Canada and the United States attempt to pinpoint the cause of Thursday's massive power flout, there is one possibility that has escaped investigation: a close encounter of the third kind.
		In the days following North America's last major flout, on Nov. 9, 1965, reports of UFO sightings down the Eastern seaboard convinced some people that visitors from outer space had flicked an interglactic off-switch.The flout 38 years ago was similar to last week's outage in many ways.
		The "Great Northeast Blackout" of 1965 began at 5:16 p.m., near the end of a normal workday.
	www.unexplained-mysteries.com /viewnews.php?id=5491 (205 words)

	Northeast Blackout of 1965
		The Northeast Blackout of 1965 was a significant disruption in the supply of electricity on November 9, 1965 affecting Ontario, Canada and Connecticut, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, Vermont, New York, and New Jersey in the United States.
		A little-known fact is that the flout was not universal in the city.
		A thriving urban legend arose in the wake of the Northeast flout of 1965 in which it is told that a peak in the birth rate of the flout areas was observed nine months after the incidence.
	en.mcfly.org /Northeast_Blackout_of_1965 (475 words)

	NYC Blackout
		In addition to the reported sightings prior to and during the flout, there were reports that indicated the UFOs might actually have caused the flout.
		President Johnson at the time of the flout was at his Texas ranch recovering from an operation to remove his gall bladder and a kidney stone.
		Johnson heard of the flout while driving in his limousine some miles from the ranch on the car radio.
	www.presidentialufo.com /nyc_blackout.htm (1550 words)

	Northeast Blackout of 1965 biography .ms (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Within five minutes the power distribution system in the northeast was in chaos as the effects cascaded through the network breaking it up into 'islands', plant after plant experienced load imbalances and automatically shut down.
		Parts of Brooklyn were re-powered by 11:00 and all of the borough by midnight but the entire city was not returned to normal power supply until almost 7:00 AM on the 10th.
		Following the flout measures were undertaken to try to prevent a repetition.
	www.biography.ms /Northeast_Blackout_of_1965.html (476 words)

	-UFO Casebook Files
		Although experts were able to pinpoint the origin of the flout, they were baffled by the cause of the relay malfunctions and the failure of protective systems to contain the overload.
		The relationship between the flout and reported UFO activity wasn't lost on the scientific community.
		In a statement prepared for hearings held on the flout by the Federal Power Commission, University of Arizona physicist Dr. James McDonald contended that magnetic fields accompanying UFOs could cause sudden power surges and could, theoretically, trigger a flout.
	www.ufocasebook.com /northeastpowerblackout1965.html (1359 words)

	Hydropower brought New York out of the dark
		During the recent flout, affecting an estimated 50 million people from New York City to Michigan, hydropower facilities were the first to be put into service to initiate grid stability and restore power.
		As during the Great Northeast Blackout of 1965, when hydropower utilized its flstart capability to rapidly restore service, hydropower again came to the rescue.
		Noting that "system operators rely on hydropower's speed and flexibility to meet moment-by-moment fluctuations in electric power demand and to restore service after a flout," the report cautioned that hydropower's capacity, key to securing the grid, was declining and suggested that the nation could shore up its unacceptable reliability margins through additional investments in hydropower.
	www.uswaternews.com /archives/arcsupply/3hydbro9.html (679 words)

	The Blackout of 2003: Why We Fell Into the Heart Of Darkness, By John O. Sillin, September 15, 2003
		The August flout, the California energy crisis, the 1996 West Coast power interruption, 1999 system disturbances in the Mid-Atlantic and Midwest, generally deteriorating reliability throughout the country, and the near bankruptcy of major segments of the electric power sector all have the same source.
		Challenges to the power industry's purpose would grow despite the Northeast flout of 1965, the energy crises of the 1970s, and the economic resurgence beginning in the early 1980s.
		These upgrades were a response to the 1965 Northeast flout and the rapid increases in electricity demand.
	www.pur.com /pubs/4251.cfm (3632 words)

	Central Maine Power Company - About CMP: CMP's Electric System - The Great Northeast Blackout of 1965 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The Great Northeast Blackout of November 9, 1965 began at 5:16 p.m., near the end of an otherwise typical work day.
		In fact, the State of Maine survived the 1965 flout because of its weak ties to the rest of New England, which tripped.
		The presentation was made on the eve of the 30th anniversary of the flout.
	www.cmpco.com /about/system/blackout.html (974 words)

	highlights{blackout '65 \|\| Blackout History Project
		The notion that the 1965 flout was responsible for a bumper crop of babies nine months later was pretty well debunked by J. Richard Udry in 1970
		Whether a switching device had failed to operate, whether somewhere in the vast Northeast power grid a giant generator had suddenly gone out of phase, whether a computer experienced a nervous breakdown--no one would be able to determine exactly for some time afterward.
		to the flout was the absence of widespread fear, panic, or disorder.
	blackout.gmu.edu /highlights/blackout65.html (1396 words)

	On November 9th, 1965 New York State
		In Ontario the flout was confined to the eastern portion of the province - from Timmins in the north, across to Cornwall in the east and south toward Sarnia.
		Mass media coverage naturally focused on the human aspect of the flout and to a lesser extent, on the delay in determining the cause of the breakdown.
		Although experts could pinpoint the origin of the flout, they were baffled by the cause of the relay malfunction and the failure of the protective systems to contain the overload.
	www.mt.net /~watcher/UFOnov1965poweroutage.html (3126 words)

	American/ World History 1965- 1966
		The Immigration Act of 1965 eliminated quotas as a basis for national immigration.
		The Great Blackout of 1965 caused the power sytems throughout the Northeast to fail, thus plunging New York, Boston and other cities into darkess during the evening rush hour.
		The flout originated at a power plant along the Canadian border, but the failure cascaded through the system.
	www.multied.com /dates/1965.html (884 words)

	Northeast Nearly Normal After Billion Dollar Blackout
		But energy officials are warning that rolling flouts are still possible today as workers draw down the power supply, and they warned everyone to conserve energy.
		NERC is a not-for-profit company formed as a result of the Northeast flout in 1965 to promote the reliability of the bulk electric systems that serve North America.
		The Ontario Ministry of Energy anticipates that rotating flouts might be necessary throughout Ontario "as a result of increasing demand and insufficient conservation." Water and energy conservation measures by residential, business and industrial consumers need to continue, the Ontario Ministry of Public Safety and Security said in a statement.
	www.ens-newswire.com /ens/aug2003/2003-08-18-01.asp (1469 words)

	Edinformatics -- Education for the Information Age (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Blackout History Project: 1965 Blackout Archive - Features digital source documents pertaining to the flout.
		Blackout History Project: Life Magazine - Digitalized version of the issue devoted to the flout.
		Northeast Blackout of 1965 - History of flout and links to related web resources.
	www.edinformatics.com /cgi-bin/apexec.pl?etype=odp&passurl=/Society/History/By_Topic/Disasters/Blackouts/Great_Northeast_Blackout_1965 (278 words)

	Online NewsHour Update: Electricity Blackout Hits Major U.S., Canadian Cities -- August 14, 2003
		The mayor reconfirmed his earlier statement to CNN that smoke from a Consolidated Edison Inc. power plant in the city was due to the plant's automatic shutdown, not to a fire, as had been reported.
		New York Gov. George Pataki declared a state of emergency and his spokeswoman said that the suspected cause of the flout was "a possible transmission problem from Canada to the U.S.," the Associated Press reported.
		Reports of flouts stretched from metropolitan New York to parts of Pennsylvania, Ohio and Michigan as well as Toronto and Ottawa in Canada.
	www.pbs.org /newshour/updates/blackout_08-14-03.html (556 words)

	home \|\| Blackout History Project
		The first event, the Great Northeast Blackout of 1965, was part of a massive cascading system failure that, in the span of fifteen minutes, left 30 million people in the dark.
		The second was the New York Blackout of 1977, which affected a much smaller service area--the metropolitan region--but resulted in severe looting and disruption.
		Original historical materials from the period have been digitized and placed in an on-line archive so that visitors may explore the history of the flouts in depth, according to their own interests.
	blackouts.gmu.edu /home.html (305 words)

	SEMP - The Monster 1965 Northeast United States Blackout: Beginning of Addressing the Nation’s Electric Power ...
		The 1965 Northeast flout was until 2003 the largest flout in American history.
		The initiating cause of the 1965 monster Northeast power outage was traced to the giant, oil-immersed circuit breakers located in the buzzing switch yard of the Sir Adam Beck-Niagara Hydroelectric plants near Queenston, Ontario, less than ten miles north of Niagara Falls, New York.
		At the time of the initial disturbance in the guilty Beck transmission line on November 9, 1965, the flow of power reached the level at which the backup relay was set.
	www.semp.us /biots/biot_387.html (3657 words)

	AMETEK (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		ROCHESTER, NY — As electric utility operators, investigators and officials review the sequence of events leading up to the largest flout in U.S. history, among the tools at their disposal are power quality and multi-functional event recorders from AMETEK Power Instruments.
		The data, which is typical of information available to electric utilities at power plants and substations throughout the interconnected power grid, allows operators and others to identify the source of problems and take action to prevent them from recurring.
		That voltage and associated frequency oscillations are indicative of the massive power swings that ultimately may cause the cascading outages that resulted in the flout.
	www.ametekpower.com /pressroom/press_release.cfm?Press_Id=168 (470 words)

	AOL Search (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Thus, the flout holds a particular resonance for...
		The Great Northeast Blackout of November 9, 1965 began at 5:16 p.m., near the end of an...
		on the evening of November 9, 1965, the chances are you were affected slightly or inconvenienced greatly; the Great Blackout touched some 30 million people...
	aolsearch.aol.ca /dirsearch.adp?query=BLACKOUT+NOV+9,+1965 (308 words)

	NPCC (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		NPCC is the voluntary, non-profit international electric regional reliability council formed in January 1966 shortly after the November 9, 1965 Northeast Blackout to promote the reliability and efficiency of the interconnected power systems within its geographic area.
		NPCC members and staff responded admirably to the demands and technical challenges presented during the course of the flout analyses.
		NPCC’s efforts were lead by its 2003 Blackout Investigative Team; key contributors included the NPCC Task Force on Coordination of Operation, NPCC’s Working Group on Inter-Area Dynamic Analysis, NPCC’s Inter-Control Area Restoration Coordination Working Group, and the members of the Major System Disturbance Task Force.
	www.nerc.com /regional/npcc.html (314 words)

	NRDC Backgrounder: Issue Brief on the August 2003 Electricity Blackout
		The third major Northeast flout since 1965 smashed through multiple safeguards, and far too little is known about its causes to point fingers or draw final conclusions.
		The complex interstate (and international) system that collapsed is designed to survive the loss of any single major component, so it is safe to predict that multiple failures will emerge as "the cause"; no single power plant or transmission line outage could have yielded this result.
		The flout hit at 4 pm on a hot and humid day with air conditioners humming across the system, underscoring the potential value of more efficient air conditioners (and other equipment) and the particular inappropriateness of the administration's earlier decision to roll back air conditioning efficiency standards.
	www.nrdc.org /media/pressreleases/030815.asp (497 words)

	jimsjournal
		Today is the 39th anniversary of the Great Northeast Blackout of 1965.
		November of 1965 -- I was twenty-two years old -- the age my daughter is now -- in college, in my last term as an undergraduate, in January my status would change to graduate student.
		The announcer was going on to say that traffic woes in the DC area were probably mild compared to those in the northeast where reports were coming in of a massive power outage that had darkened New York City and an area reaching from New Jersey through New England.
	www.jimsjournal.com /jj04/110904.html (966 words)

	Power failure socks Northeast - The Washington Times: Nation/Politics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The flout, the cause of which has yet to be determined, began at about 4 p.m.
		Many New York residents fled into the streets, fearful of another terrorist attack, although the FBI and the Department of Homeland Security, both of whom responded immediately to the power shutdown, said early in the evening that the outages were not the result of terrorism.
		Previously, the largest flout in U.S. history was the Great Northeast Blackout of 1965, which hit on Nov. 9 and left people across New York City and New England in the dark for nearly 12 hours.
	www.washtimes.com /national/20030815-120239-7902r.htm (1570 words)

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