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Topic: Northern, Sudan

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History of Sudan

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	Sudan - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		It borders Egypt to the north, the Red Sea to the northeast, Eritrea and Ethiopia to the east, Kenya and Uganda to the southeast, Democratic Republic of the Congo and the Central African Republic to the southwest, Chad to the west, and Libya to the northwest.
		Sudan is situated in Northern Africa, bordering the Red Sea, between Egypt and Eritrea.
		Largest Christian denominations are the Roman Catholic church, the Episcopal Church of the Sudan, the Presbyterian Church in the Sudan and the Coptic Orthodox Church.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Sudan (2023 words)

	Why Christianity die out in Northern Sudan?
		The church in Northern Sudan was heavily centralised with ecclesiastial heirarchy and a separation between the clergy and the laity.
		Hence, Christianity in Northern Sudan was a religion of the educated elite and not of the common man. The churches were also strong in the towns and cities but had far less of an impact amongst the rural farming communities.
		The over-dependence of Northern Sudan on foreign bishops and priests later starved the church of leadership as the Muslim armies cut off all contact between Egypt and Nubia in the thirteenth century.
	www.frontline.org.za /articles/why_Christianity_die_nsudan.htm (981 words)

	Ethnologue 14 report for Sudan
		Northern Sudan, Kordofan Province, northwest of Dilling on range of hills of which Jebel Nyimang is a part, and on the Mandal range.
		Northern Sudan, Nuba Hills, Keiga Jirru west of Debri, and in 6 villages, northeast of Kadugli.
		Northern Sudan, hills south of the Nuba Hills on Jebel Tulishi south of Katla, on Jebel Kamdang north of Lagowa, south of Tulishi.
	www.ethnologue.com /14/show_country.asp?name=Sudan (3860 words)

	Slavery, Abduction and Forced Servitude in Sudan
		Through the mediation of Senator Danforth, the Government of Sudan and the SPLM/A agreed in December, 2001, to facilitate and support the visit to Sudan of a U.S.-led and internationally supported mission to investigate, on the ground, means for preventing abductions, slavery and forced servitude.
		The Government of Sudan, governments of countries whose nationals or companies are engaged in oil development, the companies themselves, and international organizations operating in the area should support independent and impartial human rights impact assessments by experts on human rights in those areas and should act on the recommendations made.
		The intensity of raids in 1986 and 1987 led to widespread famine and displacement in northern Bahr al Ghazal.
	www.state.gov /p/af/rls/rpt/10445.htm (16458 words)

	Eastern Africa and the Horn Weather Analysis 2001/2002
		The exception being central Sudan, where the ITCZ was south of normal resulting in temperatures that averaged 3 to 5 degrees C above normal.
		Light to moderate rains in northern Tanzania eased the drought that had persisted from the beginning of the short rain season.
		Near-normal rainfall (25-75 mm) prevailed in central and northern Uganda, southwestern and south-central Kenya, southern Sudan and southwestern Ethiopia.
	vf-tropi.com /vf-ea02.html (8382 words)

	Rift Valley Institute (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The RVI Sudan Abductee Database is the outcome of an eighteen-month field investigation conducted in Southern Sudan, in the areas of Northern Bahr-el-Ghazal controlled by the Sudan Peoples Liberation Movement / Army (SPLM/A) and the contiguous part of Abyei district.
		The Sudan Government controls the northern part of Abyei (including Abyei town), the garrison towns of Wau, Gogrial and Aweil in Bahr-el-Ghazal, and a number of stations along the railway that runs from Babanusa to Wau.
		In the absence of research in Northern Sudan, the number of abductees who are - or were - held in slavery cannot be established with certainty.
	www.riftvalley.net /inside/projects.htm (2010 words)

	Sudan
		Type I (commonly referred to as clitoridectomy and referred to as "sunna" in Sudan), Type II (commonly referred to as excision) and Type III (commonly referred to as infibulation) are the forms of female genital mutilation (FGM) or female genital cutting (FGC) widely practiced in the northern part of Sudan.
		It is not practiced in the south, although some southern women who are married to northern men and live in the north part of the country, elect to undergo the procedure.
		In northern Sudan an elaborate ceremony generally surrounds the procedure.
	www.state.gov /g/wi/rls/rep/crfgm/10110.htm (1707 words)

	Sudan - Country Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Former UN Resident and Humanitarian Coordinator for Sudan, Mukesh Kapila, stated that FGM is a clear indicator of Sudanese society’s broad condoning of gender inequality, violence against women and children, and the violation of women’s reproductive and health rights, as well as children’s rights.
		UNDP data suggests that in Northern urban and rural areas rates of female household headship are 6 per cent and 7 per cent, respectively, of total households.
		An inter-agency mission with representation from 11 agencies and four NGOs was deployed to Sudan from 1-17 November 2002 to assist the UN Country Team (UNCT) in developing a strategy for the displaced population.
	www.womenwarpeace.org /sudan/sudan.htm (11932 words)

	Sudan - As-Sudan
		Nimeiry became the Sudan's first elected President in 1972, and signed the Addis Ababa agreement, in an attempt to end strife between north and south.
		The northern opposition under the umbrella of the "National Democratic Alliance" (NDA), including the SPLM, had also took up arms against al-Bashir rule and occupied territories in eastern Sudan and northern Blue Nile.
		Sudan is a member state of the League of Arab States
	www.nationsonline.org /oneworld/sudan.htm (642 words)

	Guardian Unlimited \| The Guardian \| Sudan uses missiles against rebels
		Less than two years after Sudan began pumping oil, earning more than $1m (£715,000) a day in new revenue, the government has acquired, and is using, surface-to-surface missiles in its war against the southern-led rebels of the Sudan People's Liberation Army.
		Steve Hind, director of Church Ecumenical Action in Sudan, an international church consortium working in southern Blue Nile, said CEAS was "extremely worried" by the introduction of powerful new weapons into a war that has already claimed more than two million lives.
		Although OLS's mandate extends to all war-affected areas of Sudan, the government bans it from southern Blue Nile and the Nuba mountains - two predominantly Muslim areas of northern Sudan that are resisting attempts to impose an Arab-Islamic culture on a multi-ethnic, multi-cultural country.
	www.guardian.co.uk /international/story/0,3604,536422,00.html (916 words)

	Sudan on the Internet
		"Sudan’s peace process is entering its final, most difficult phase and it is essential that the United States make a clear commitment to its bilateral relationship with Sudan and remain closely involved in the post-agreement process.
		Sudan Liberation Movement and the Sudan Liberation Army (SLM/A) In Arabic and English.
		Sudan Archaeological Society in Berlin/ Die Sudan-archaologische Gesellschaft zu Berlin E.V. Based at Humboldt-Universitat, describes their projects, has tips for travelers to the Sudan, table of contents of its bulletin, photographs of wall paintings, temples, many links to other Sudan archaeology web sites, and an annotated bibliography of publications on the Sudan.
	www-sul.stanford.edu /depts/ssrg/africa/sudan.html (7231 words)

	Catholic World News : Sudan's Christians celebrate peace accord
		Khartoum, Jul. 12 (CWNews.com) - Christians in Sudan are celebrating the signing of a power-sharing constitution, which guarantees them key benefits, including the freedom of worship, if its put into action.
		Sudan's President Omar Bashir signed the power-sharing constitution, moments before the Dr. John Garang, the leader of the Sudan People's Liberation Army (SPLA), a Christian, was sworn in as vice-president for a united Sudan.
		Christians in northern Sudan, where Islamic law has applied since the country's independence, hope they will now be free to displays crosses in the church buildings-- a practice which the country's laws had forbidden.
	www.cwnews.com /news/viewstory.cfm?recnum=38363 (279 words)

	CIA - The World Factbook -- Sudan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Sudan has been embroiled in a civil war for all but 10 years since then.
		The war is rooted in northern economic, political, and social domination of non-Muslim, non-Arab southern Sudanese.
		Some northern opposition parties have made common cause with the southern rebels and entered the war as part of an anti-government alliance.
	www.cia.gov /cia/publications/factbook/geos/su.html (1369 words)

	The World Factbook 2004 -- Field Listing - Location
		Northern North America, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean on the east, North Pacific Ocean on the west, and the Arctic Ocean on the north, north of the conterminous US
		Northern Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea, Gulf of Bothnia, and Gulf of Finland, between Sweden and Russia
		Northern Asia (that part west of the Urals is sometimes included with Europe), bordering the Arctic Ocean, between Europe and the North Pacific Ocean
	www.brainyatlas.com /fields/2144.html (3300 words)

	Rift Valley Institute (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		"The Decision to Migrate in Sudan" (Masalit) by Dennis Tully
		Sudan from A to Z (historical, geographical and political survey)
		"Henry Wellcome (1853-1936) and archaeological excavation in Sudan" by Ahmed A.A.Adeel
	www.riftvalley.net /inside/slinks.htm (1240 words)

	USATODAY.com - Returning Sudanese face uncertain future at home (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		They are returning to a land of torched villages, farms riddled with land mines, ransacked schools and clinics — and little help to begin anew.
		U.N. officials expect as many as 1.2 million to return this year after the Arab Muslim-dominated government in Khartoum signed a peace deal with rebels fighting for more autonomy and a greater share of the country's wealth in the mostly African Christian and animist south.
		"Life as a displaced person in northern Sudan is not easy, but at least some of them were able to make a living, to be involved in a cash economy, put their children in schools."
	www.usatoday.com /news/world/2005-01-23-sudanese_x.htm (965 words)

	FUSION OF LANDSAT-TM, ASTER AND SIR-C/X-SAR REMOTE SENSING DATA: APPLICATION FOR UNDERSTANDING STRUCTURAL CONTROLS ON ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The Nile in northern Sudan and southern Egypt is called the Cataract Nile where it flows across the east-west trending Nubian Swell - a 500-km wide zone of uplifted Neoproterozoic crystalline basement and Cretaceous sediments in the eastern Sahara.
		The Cataract Nile is in a youthful stage, particularly in northern Sudan where it flows through the Batn el Hajar or "Belly of Stones" as shown by structurally controlled 90° turns, frequent bifurcation of channels through the basement, disruption by several cataracts, and near-absence of flood plains.
		The absence of vegetation and soil cover outside the Nile channel, coupled with little geologic knowledge of the region and the importance of the Nile's water for regional development make the Batn el Hajr an exciting place to test new remote sensing technologies.
	gsa.confex.com /gsa/2001AM/finalprogram/abstract_26806.htm (504 words)

	WHKMLA : History of Sudan, ToC
		Sudan Page, from African Studies at UPenn; from Africa South of the Sahara at Stanford
		Sudan, from Land Forces of Britain, the Empire and Commonwealth
		Insurgencies in Sudan, Uganda and Zaire, pp.203-227, in : John W. Turner, Continent Ablaze.
	www.zum.de /whkmla/region/northafrica/xsudan.html (443 words)

	AllRefer.com - Sudan - Northern Arabized Communities in Sudan \| Sudanese Information Resource (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		AllRefer.com - Sudan - Northern Arabized Communities in Sudan
		In other cases, a fully settled former nomad with profitable holdings allowed his poorer kin to maintain his livestock, both parties gaining from the transaction.
		Arab nomads in Sudan in the early 1990s were generally camel or cattle herders.
	reference.allrefer.com /country-guide-study/sudan/sudan54.html (1790 words)

	No such things as Ethiopian Jews exist. The bible word is not Ethiopian but Cushite and their land was from southern ...
		The bible word is not Ethiopian but Cushite and their land was from southern Egypt to northern Sudan.
		Chad, Libya and Sudan are African countries much closer to Canaan and Egypt, so when you seen something in their news about the "Jews" bringing the Chad Jews, the Libya or the Sudan Jews into Israel?
		Here are some people from Sudan (which is much closer to the middle east than Ethiopia).
	arabisraelites.fortunecity.net /f1950.htm (3292 words)

	Books > Subjects > History > Countries & Regions > Africa > Northern > Sudan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Synopsis Sudan, governed by an Islamic fundamentalist dictatorship, has come into conflict with the United States and other countries not because of its orientation but because of its...
		Book Description Gordon of Khartoum and British battles in Sudan Synopsis Beautifully illustrated from the work of pioneer war photographers, this is marvellously readable account of the...
		Synopsis Nowhere is the crumbling of state structures more self-evident than in Somalia, the Sudan and Ethiopia.
	www.priceclash.co.uk /books/23899/20 (573 words)

	\|\|The Cradle of Nubian Civilisation\|\|
		The Rediscovery of Ancient Nubia An exhibit in conjunction with the Centennial celebration of The Universityof Chicago Nubia is located in today's southern Egypt and northern Sudan.
		Excavations Between Abu Simbel and the Sudan Frontier Part 1 : The A-Group Royal Cemetery at Qustul : Cemetery L (Nubian Expedition) by Bruce Williams.
		The Mahdist revolt in the Sudan brought the fieldwork to a temporary halt, but Lepsius's 1889 work on Nubian grammar advanced his interest in regional languages.
	www.thenubian.net /links.php (1550 words)

	Books > Subjects > History > Countries & Regions > Africa > Northern > Sudan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Requiem for the Sudan: War, Drought and Disaster Relief on the Nile
		Review of Mahdist State in the Sudan: A Study of Its Origins, Development and Overthrow
		Gordon and the Sudan: Prologue to the Mahdiyya 1877 -
	www.priceclash.co.uk /books/23899/80 (422 words)

	BookkooB: Social and Technical Guide to Irrigated Shelterbelt Establishment in Northern Sudan - Stephen Bristow
		Social and Technical Guide to Irrigated Shelterbelt Establishment in Northern Sudan: Including Traditional Water Extraction from the Nubian Sandstone Aquifer
		Above you will see a list of UK book stores, along with their stock and price details for Social and Technical Guide to Irrigated Shelterbelt Establishment in Northern Sudan: Including Traditional Water Extraction from the Nubian Sandstone Aquifer by Stephen Bristow.
		View other editions of Social and Technical Guide to Irrigated Shelterbelt Establishment in Northern Sudan.
	www.bookkoob.co.uk /book/1901459195.htm (280 words)

	News from labs
		Iacumin P., Bocherens H., Chaix L. and Mariotti A. 1998 - Stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes asdietary indicators of Nubian populations (Northern Sudan).
		The Ancient Biomolecules Group at Newcastle was set up in 1994, and since that time has been concerned with the preservation and identification of biomolecules in the archaeological record.Our research has encompassed; bone proteins(collagen and osteocalcin), milk proteins,tuberculosis and DNA.
		This project isbased in northern Chile where PhD student Aaron (Stig) Walsh is examining relatively young bone beds with faunistic components similar to nearby extant ecosystems so that he canassess the degree of taphonomic biasing in the bonebed assemblage.
	biomin.geol.u-psud.fr /tdnews/webdoc7.htm (8939 words)

	Wombs and Alien Spirits: Women, Men, and the Zar Cult in Northern Sudan (New Directions in Anthropological Writing) ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Wombs and Alien Spirits: Women, Men, and the Zar Cult in Northern Sudan (New Directions in Anthropological Writing) Edifying Spectacle
		Book / Wombs and Alien Spirits: Women, Men, and the Zar Cult in Northern Sudan (New Directions in Anthropological Writing)
		Wombs and Alien Spirits: Women, Men, and the Zar Cult in Northern Sudan (New Directions in Anthropological Writing)
	edifyingspectacle.org /thanks/asinsearch_0299123146 (177 words)

	UW Press - : Wombs and Alien Spirits Women, Men, and the Zar Cult in Northern Sudan, Janice Boddy
		UW Press - : Wombs and Alien Spirits Women, Men, and the Zar Cult in Northern Sudan, Janice Boddy
		Women, Men, and the Zar Cult in Northern Sudan
		Based on nearly two years of ethnographic fieldwork in a Muslim village in northern Sudan, Wombs and Alien Spirits explores the zâr cult, the most widely practiced traditional healing cult in Africa.
	www.wisc.edu /wisconsinpress/books/0452.htm (308 words)

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