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Topic: Northern Circars

	Circar - LoveToKnow 1911
		In English it is principally employed in the name ' of the Northern Circars, used to designate a now obsolete division of the Madras presidency, which consisted of a narrow slip of territory lying along the western side of the Bay of Bengal from 15° 40' to 20° 17' N. lat.
		In 1759, by the conquest of the fortress of Masulipatam, the dominion of the maritime provinces on both sides, from the river Gundlakamma to the Chilka lake, was necessarily transferred from the French to the British.
		Hereupon the fort of Kondapalli was seized by the British, and on the 12th of November 1766 a treaty of alliance was signed with Nizam Ali by which the Company, in return for the grant of the Circars, undertook to maintain troops for the nizam's assistance.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Circar (510 words)

	Northern Circars - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Northern Circars was a former division of British India's Madras Presidency, which consisted of a narrow slip of territory lying along the western side of the Bay of Bengal from 15º 40' to 20º 17' north latitude, in the present-day Indian states of Andhra Pradesh and Orissa.
		The territory derived its name from Circar or Sarkar, an Indian term applied to the component parts of a subah or province, each of which is administered by a deputy governor.
		These Northern Circars were five in number, Chicacole, Rajahmundry, Ellore, Kondapalli and Guntur, and their total area was about 30,000 square miles.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Northern_Circars (639 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		CIRCAR, an Indian term applied to the component parts of a subah or province, each of which is administered by a deputy-governor.
		In English it is principally employed in the name of the NORTHERN CIRCARS, used to designate a now obsolete division of the Madras presidency, which consisted of a narrow slip of territory lying along the western side of the Bay of Bengal from 150 40' to 200 17' N. lat.
		By a second treaty, signed on the 1st of March 1768, the nizam acknowledged the validity of Shah Alam's grant and resigned the Circars to the Company, receiving as a mark of friendship an annuity of £50,000.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /correction/edit?locale=en&content_id=15897 (504 words)

	Ganjam - LoveToKnow 1911
		Its early history is involved in obscurity, and it was not till after the Gajapati dynasty ascended the throne of Orissa that this tract became even nominally a part of their dominions.
		In 1753 Chicacole, with the Northern Circars, were made over to the French by Salabat Jang for the maintenance of his French auxiliaries.
		In 1765 the Northern Circars (including Ganjam) were granted to the English by imperial firman, and in August 1768 an English factory was founded at Ganjam, protected by a fort.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Ganjam (623 words)

	South India (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The Vindhya and Satpura ranges and the Narmada River are the traditional boundary between northern and southern India.
		South of the Satpuras, at the center of the peninsula, is the Deccan plateau, defined by the Western Ghats mountain range, which runs along the western edge of the peninsula, and the Eastern Ghats along the eastern edge.
		But frequent droughts in Northern Karnataka, Rayalaseema and Telangana regions are leaving farmers debt-ridden, forcing them to sell their livestock and sometimes even to suicides.
	south-india.iqnaut.net (2397 words)

	CIRCAR - Online Information article about CIRCAR (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		NORTHERN CIRCARS, used to designate a now obsolete See also:
		Company, granted them in return for their services the district of Kondavid or Guntur, and soon afterwards the other Circars.
		Ali by which the Company, in return for the grant of the Circars, undertook to maintain troops for the nizam's assistance.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /CHR_CLI/CIRCAR.html (625 words)

	Hobson Jobson Dictionary
		The territory to the north of the Coromandel Coast, formerly held by the Nizam, and now forming the districts of Kistna, Godávari, Vizagapatam, Ganjám, and a part of Nellore, was long known by the title of "The Circars," or "Northern Circars" (i.e.
		The Circars of Chicacole (now Vizagapatam Dist.), Rajamandri and Ellore (these two embraced now in Godávari Dist.), with Condapilly (now embraced in Kistna Dist.), were the subject of a grant from the Great Mogul, obtained by Clive in 1765, confirmed by treaty with the Nizam in 1766.
		is the surrender of the Guntoor Circar to the Company, by which it becomes possessed of the whole Coast, from Jaggernaut to Cape Comorin.
	dsal.uchicago.edu /cgi-bin/philologic/getobject.pl?c.0:1:560.hobson (457 words)

	Temples &Legends Of Andhra Pradesh/Simhachalam/(Page1) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Pilgrims may also have a bath in the sacred Pushkarani, which is about a furlong from the foot of the hill.
		The way up the hill to the temple runs through picturesque trees etc. Near the top of the northern side of the hill, in a wooded hollow surrounded by a wide circle of higher ground resembling an amphitheater, is the temple of Lord Narasimha.
		This is a famous and rich temple of the Northern Circars.
	www.hindubooks.org /temples/andhrapradesh/simhachalam/page1.htm (180 words)

	Untitled Document
		The total length of the Indian coastline (excluding the islands) is 6100 kms.The coasts facing the Arabian Sea are The Konkan coast and the Malabar coast.
		The coasts facing the Bay of Bengal are The Northern Circars and the Coromondal coast.
		The retreat starts in Northern India by the second week of September.The retreat is gradual, unlike the sudden arrival.
	www.classteacher.com /content/curriculum/samplepapers/12/tough/geography12samplepaperquesans.html (980 words)

	Jaffna (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The Jaffna Peninsula and the rest of Sri Lanka's vast Northern Province comprise the country's driest region.
		Jaffna, the center of Sri Lanka's Tamil culture, was the capital of an independent medieval kingdom and later a key colonial outpost for the Portuguese and Dutch.
		By his campaign against the Singhalese he annexed northern Ceylon, building a number of stone temples in the Ceylonese capital Polonnaruva, of which one now stands to Shiva.
	www.tamil.net /people/george/jaffna.html (1491 words)

	James Mill, History of British India, vol. 3 (1826): The Online Library of Liberty
		CHAPTER V. First Nabobship of Meer Jaffier—Expedition against the Northern Circars—Emperor's eldest Son, and Nabobs of Oude and Allahabad, invade Bengal—Clive resigns the Government, and is succeeded by Mr.
		And on the northern side of this division was a space, covered by the hovels of the country, in which the mass of the natives resided.
		At last they were carried within 800 yards of the wall; when it was found impossible to extend them any further, on account of a large morass; while, on the northern side of the town, they might have been carried to the foot of the glacis.
	oll.libertyfund.org /Texts/MillJames0324/BritishIndia/0381-03_Bk.html (15546 words)

	WikiMiki.net - Andhra Pradesh (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		In 1953, the northern, Telugu-speaking portion of Madras State voted to become the new state of Andhra Pradesh, the first of India's linguistic states.
		In 1956, 10 Nizam districts and four districts of Rayalaseema were merged to the so-called Northern Circar districts forming the modern telugu vernacular state of Andhra Pradesh.
		The rest of northern, central and eastern India consists of the fertile Indo-Gangetic plain.
	andhra.pradesh.en.wikimiki.net (11003 words)

	INDIA PHYSICAL FEATURES (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Western Ghats are known by different regional names such as the Sahyadris in Maharastra and Karnataka, the niligris in Tamil Nadu and Annamalai and the Cardamon hill along the Kerala and Tamil nadu border.
		The northern half is called Northern Circars or Kalinga coast, while the southern half is known as the Coromandal coast.
		It is only in the northern part between Mahanadi and Godavari that Eastern Ghats exhibit true mountain character comprising Maliya and Maduguala konda ranges, South of Godawari the broken hill ranges are Nallamalai, Palkonda, and Javadi, Shavroy and Biligiri Rangan hills.
	www.prabhaiasips.com /geography.html (5426 words)

	Francis Rawdon-Hastings
		The enemy's frontier was 600 miles long, and Lord Moira, who directed the plan of the campaign, resolved to act offensively along the whole line.
		At the same time the existence of the Pindari state was not only dangerous to the British, as being a warlike power always ready to turn against them, but it was a scourge to India itself.
		In 1816, however, the Pindaris entered British territory in the Northern Circars, where they destroyed 339 villages.
	www.nndb.com /people/121/000101815 (1451 words)

	Chapter POOJAH <i>to</i> CIVILIAN of C by The Hobson Jobson Dictionary
		The Circars of Chicacole (now Vizagapatam Dist.), Rajamandri and Ellore (these two embraced now in Godá vari Dist.), with Condapilly (now embraced in Kistna Dist.), were the subject of a grant from the Great Mogul, obtained by Clive in 1765, confirmed by treaty with the Nizam in 1766.
		The Nizam made himself master of that province, soon after Hyder’s invasion of the Carnatic, as an equivalent for the arrears of peshcush, due to him by the Company for the other Circars.”—Letter of T. Munro, in Life by Gleig, i.
		1836.—“The district called the Circars, in India, is part of the coast which extends from the Carnatic to Bengal.… The domestic economy of the people is singular; they inhabit villages (!!), and all labour is performed by public servants paid from the public stock.”—Phillips, Million of Facts, 320.
	www.bibliomania.com /2/3/260/1270/19942/2.html (699 words)

	Raja Raja Chola's Conquests....
		By his campaign against the Singhalees he annexed northern Ceylon, building a number of stone temple in the Ceylonese capital Polonnaruva, of which one now stands to Shiva.
		He conquered the Gangas of Mysore(capital at Talakad), the country of Nolambas (Bellary and Eastern Mysore), Tadigaipadi (the district of Mysore), vengi (southern part of Northern Circars), Coorg (kudamalainadu) and the Pandyas.
		During the next three years, Rajarajan subdued Quilon and the northern kingdom of Kalinga, through his son Rajendra Cholan.
	magiclantern.8m.com /conquest.html (477 words)

	History of Andhra Pradesh
		The political beginning of the Andhras appear to be near the mouth of the river Krishna.
		But when the French were defeated in the Third Carnatic war, Robert Clive obtained, in 1766, the Northern Circars through a Sanad.
		The Zamindars in the Northern Circars and Palegars in the Rayalseema region who exercised almost independent powers in the earlier period did not reconcile with the loss of power under the British.
	members.fortunecity.com /talavagu/shistory2.html (3127 words)

	Information of Andhra Pradesh Land,Andhra Pradesh India Information,Tourist Information on Andhrapradesh India
		There are three major regions in Andhra Pradesh - (1) Northern Circars or coastal Andhra including Srikakulam, Visakhapatnam, East Godavari, West Godavari, Krishna, Guntur, Ongole and Nellore districts; (2) Rayalaseema or Ceded districts including Kurnool, Cuddapah, Chittoor and Anantapur districts; and (3) Telangana including Khammam, Nalgonda, Warangal, Karimnagar, Medak, Nizamabad, Aadilabad, Mahbubnagar and Hyderabad districts.
		The Circars or Coastal districts are the vital districts compared to the other two regions and at the same time well developed.
		In the northern part of the state, there are Simhachalam and Annavaram hills.
	www.indiasite.com /andhrapradesh/land.html (782 words)

	A model institution
		ANDHRA University is not just one of the oldest educational institutions in the country but is also the first to be conceived as a residential and teaching-cum-affiliating university, mainly devoted to post-graduate teaching and research.
		The people of the State have an emotional attachment to the institution, since it came into being after a prolonged and collective struggle of the Telugu elite for a university in the educationally backward northern Circars and ceded districts of the erstwhile Madras Presidency.
		The 80-year-old institution is lucky to have Sir C.R. Reddy as it founder Vice-Chancellor, as the steps taken by this visionary proved to be fruitful in the long run.
	www.hindu.com /fline/fl2312/stories/20060630002610200.htm (622 words)

	Amazon.com: Circar (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		History of the rise of the Mahomedan power in India till the year A.D. 1612: To which is added an account of the conquest by the kings of Hydrabad of those...
		Teloogoo selections, with translations and grammatical analyses: To which is added, a glossary of revenue terms used in the northern circars by John Carnac Morris (Unknown Binding - 1823)
		region known as the Northern Circars, and was under Muslim rule...
	www.amazon.com /s?ie=UTF8&keywords=Circar&tag=dragoncon&index=blended&link_code=qs&page=1 (843 words)

	South India Encyclopedia Article @ RiverLocale.com (River Locale) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Mahanadi rivers form the northern boundaries of the region, while the
		Narmada at the northern edge of the region.
		Malnad - the Sahyadri hills between the coast and the plateau in Karnataka
	www.riverlocale.com /encyclopedia/South_India (2395 words)

	Andhra Pradesh - Article from FactBug.org - the fast Wikipedia mirror site
		During the 17th century, the British acquired the Coastal Andhra region along the Bay of Bengal, then known as the Northern Circars, from the Nizams, which became part of the British Madras Presidency.
		Demands for a separate state for Telugu speakers culminated by a 58-day fast-unto-death by Potti Sreeramulu (He was venerated as Amarajeevi - the eternally alive one after his death) led to the formation of Andhra Pradesh on October 1, 1953 from the 11 northern districts of Madras state.
		Kurnool was the first capital of the Andhra state with the high court established at Guntur.
	www.factbug.org /cgi-bin/a.cgi?a=2377 (1591 words)

	ASAF JAHI DYNASTY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		In 1766 the Nizam signed a treaty with the British where by in return of northern Circars.
		The debts of palmer and Company were settled and the Nizam lost a large territory in lieu of the payment.
		The Nizam wavied the Peshkash (tribute) of Rs.7 lakh per annum, which the company was paying on account of Northern Circars.
	www.aptimes.com /Hyderabad/asaf_jahi_dynasty.htm (2644 words)

	Crossmap INDIA > Christian Organizations-Denominations and Churches
		ELC is working towards the cause of spreading the message to the poverty struck and lower stratas of society for their emanicipation.
		This council is a body of various churches in the northern part of the country.
		This convention of churches covers the region of Northern circars and its vicinity regions where they are fast spreading the word of God.
	in.crossmap.com /cmboard/list.php?&bbs_id=org12&page=4 (167 words)

	FRANCIS HASTINGS - Online Information article about FRANCIS HASTINGS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		northern part of Oudh, and when called upon to relinquish these, they deliberately elected (See also:
		At the same time the existence of the Pindari state was not only dangerous to the British, as being a warlike power always ready to turn against them, but it was a See also:
		Pindaris entered British territory in the Northern Circars, where they destroyed 339 villages.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /HAN_HEG/HASTINGS_FRANCIS.html (2225 words)

	Convention of Baptist Churches of Northern Circars... - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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		Start the Convention of Baptist Churches of Northern Circars...
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	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Convention_of_Baptist_Churches_of_Northern_Circars... (153 words)

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