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Topic: Northern Dynasties

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Northern Wei Dynasty

Southern Dynasties

Southern and Northern Dynasties

Qi Dynasty

Liang Dynasty

Southern and Northern Dynasties of Vietnam

Sixteen Kingdoms

Northern Song Dynasty

479

Wu Hu

550

Huang Taiji

Qin (state)

Zhou Dynasty

Zhu Yuanzhang

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	Wu Hu
		The Rebellion of the Eight Kings[?] during Western Jin Dynasty triggered the large scale Wu Hu uprising since 304, which sacked the Chinese capitals at Luoyang (311) and Changan and took the Jin emperors as prisoners.
		As the Eastern Han Dynasty slowly disintegrated into an era of "warlords", battles for predominance eventually ushered in the Three Kingdoms; however, years of war generated a severe shortage of labor, a solution to which was encouragement of immigration of Wu Hu herdsmen.
		Thus an era of prosperity was observed after the unification under the Western Jin Dynasty as the relocated tribes adopted agriculture and contributed to revival of economy.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/wu/Wu_Hu_barbarians.html (3059 words)

	[No title]
		Northern Wei's use of eunuchs to consolidate autocratic rule was as much a sign of sinicization as the strengthening of eunuch power and the hastening of the end of the dynasty.
		The conquest dynasties in the tenth to thirteenth centuries coexisted with the indigenous Song dynasty, where eunuchs were not associated with the political upheavals characteristic of the Han, Tang, and Ming.
		"Yuandai huanhuo kao" [On the eunuch menace in the Yuan dynasty].
	mcel.pacificu.edu /aspac/papers/scholars/Jay/jay.htm (4424 words)

	Southern and Northern Dynasties - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Southern and Northern Dynasties (Chinese: 南北朝; pinyin: nánběicháo; 420-589) followed the Sixteen Kingdoms and preceded Sui Dynasty in China and was an age of civil war and disunity.
		During this period the process of sinicization accelerated among the non-Chinese arrivals in the north and among the aboriginal tribesmen in the south.
		This barrier was only overcome by the first Emperor of the Sui Dynasty, who built a large invading navy in the Sichuan basin.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Southern_and_Northern_Dynasties (331 words)

	Southern and Northern Dynasties of Vietnam Summary
		In the History of Vietnam, the Southern and Northern Dynasties (南北朝) (1527-1592, 1627-1672) followed the Le Dynasty (Later Le Dynasty) (後黎朝) (1428-1527) and preceded the Third Le Dynasty (1592-1627) of the Trinh (鄭) family in Vietnam.
		The North Dynasty (1527-1592) was ruled by the Mac (莫) family whereas the South Dynasty (1527-?) was ruled by the Nguyen family.
		Southern and Northern Dynasties of Vietnam from Wíkipedia.
	www.bookrags.com /Southern_and_Northern_Dynasties_of_Vietnam (387 words)

	Chinese History - Northern Dynasties å—æ (www.chinaknowledge.de)
		Northern Zhou å—å‘¨ (557-581) and Northern Qi å—é½ (550-577)
		After hundred and thirty years of foreign rule by various tribes over northern China, the period of the Sixteen Kingdoms ååå, the chieftains of the Tuoba æ“è· clan of the Xianbei é®®å‘ ethnicity were able to unite the northern part of China.
		The result of this almost two hundred year long period was the gradual reconstruction of the northern economy and the homogenization of the Chinese with the Non-Chinese population.
	www.chinaknowledge.de /History/Division/beiwei.html (317 words)

	Mingqi Six dynasties
		The end of the Han dynasty was marked by the separation of the large families of that dynasty.
		The agricultural part of Northern China was administered bureaucratically as it was in earlier chinese dynasties.
		The Southern and Northern Dynasties followed the three Kingdoms and preceded Sui Dynasty in China and was an age of civil wars and disunity.
	home.planet.nl /~claes027/dynasties/six_dynasties.htm (553 words)

	Period of the Northern and Southern Dynasties (386-589 A.D.) \| Special Topics Page \| Timeline of Art History \| The ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		The period between 386 and 581 A.D. in Chinese history is conventionally called the Northern and Southern Dynasties, when North China—under the control of the Tuoba clan of the Xianbei tribe (a proto-Mongol people)—was politically separated from, yet culturally connected with, the Chinese dynasties established in Jiankang (Nanking).
		The Northern Wei rulers were ardent supporters of Buddhism, a foreign religion utilized as a theocratic power for ideological and social control of the predominantly Chinese population.
		Marked by the adoption of Chinese language, costume, and political institutions, the Northern Wei reform contributed greatly to an artistic and cultural amalgamation in sixth-century China, which was also manifested in painting, calligraphy, the funerary and decorative arts, and the style of the cave-temples at Longmen in Henan Province.
	www.metmuseum.org /toah/hd/nsdy/hd_nsdy.htm (454 words)

	ancient coins of China - AD 221 to AD 590
		The Liang Dynasty was established by general Hsiao Yen of the Southern Ch'i Dynasty, but since he was, however distantly, related to the ruling house of the Southern Ch'i, one might think of this as simply a name change of the Southern Ch'i.
		The Northern Ch'i Dynasty was founded by Wen Hsuan Ti, the Son of a general who helped overthrow the Northern Wei in AD 535 and the Eastern Wei in AD 550.
		The Northern Zhou dynasty was established in AD 557 by the son (whose name we do not yet know) of a general who helped overthrow the Wei dynasty, and then overthrew the Western Wei which he had ruled through puppet emperors.
	www.calgarycoin.com /reference/china/china3.htm (6836 words)

	Han , Sui, Tang Dynasties
		The Han Dynasty was founded by the Liu family.The Chinese people consider the Han Dynasty to be one of the greatest periods in the entire history of China.
		Prestige of a newly founded dynasty during the reigns of the first three emperors was barely able to hinder the corruption; however Confucian scholar gentry turned against eunuchs for their corrupted authorities, while consort clans and eunuchs struggled for power in subsequent reigns.
		It was marked by the reunification of Southern and Northern China and the construction of the Grand Canal, though it was a relatively short Chinese dynasty.
	www.crystalinks.com /chinadynasties2.html (2575 words)

	History of China - China History - China
		The Han Dynasty emerged in 202 BC; it was the first dynasty to embrace Confucianism, which became the ideological underpinning of all regimes until the end of imperial China.
		As China was ruled by two independent dynasties, one in the south and the other in the north, this is called the era of Southern and Northern Dynasties.
		The Qing DynastyQing (Ch'ing) dynasty (1644-1911) was founded after the defeat of the Ming, the last native Chinese regime, by the Manchus, a central Asian people who invaded from the north in the late seventeenth century.
	www.famouschinese.com /virtual/History_of_China (5968 words)

	Dunhuang Art During the Sixteen Kingdoms and the Northern Dynasties (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		During its early stages, the Han Dynasty adopted a series of military measures such as the construction of fortifications, warning towers, garrisons and a wall of defence inside the territory of Dunhuang.
		From Northern Liang through Northern Wei, Western Wei and Northern Zhou of the Northern Dynasties, in more than one hundred and sixty years, a total of thirty-nine of the existing caves are accounted for.
		In the Northern Wei period, on either side of the niche's lintel, there appeared the decorations of pterodactyl and phoenix, the former as a demonstration of power and the latter of swiftness.
	ignca.nic.in /ks_19012.htm (3024 words)

	Five Dynasties Period and Ten Kingdoms Period
		The dispersal of political and economic power that marked the collapse of the Tang dynasty resulted in a brief period of disunion known as the Five Dynasties period (AD 907-960).
		Although foreign invaders did not overrun China during this period, the Liao dynasty (AD 916-1125) of the Khitan Mongols, based in Manchuria and Mongolia, was able to extend its influence over parts of northern Hebei and Shanxi provinces.
		While the Qidan were building up a strong state, the central government of the Tang Dynasty had been much weakened by the increasing power of the frontier commanders who were in charge of the country's military regions.
	www.paulnoll.com /China/Dynasty/dynasty-five-dynasties.html (630 words)

	Chinese Porcelain History
		Traditionally the northern Yellow River area has been recognized as the cradle of the Chinese civilization.
		The historians described a Chinese political pattern of dynasties, one following another in a cycle of ascent, achievement, decay, and rebirth under a new family.
		In the thirteenth century, the Mongols from the northern steppes became the first alien people to conquer all of China.
	www.gotheborg.com /chronology/chinhist_1.shtml (568 words)

	Chinese history:The Southern and Northern Dynasties (420-589 AD)
		The Song Dynasty established by Liu Yu and the three successive dynasties of Southern Qi, Liang and Chen are known as the Southern Dynasties.
		During the Sixteen States period, the Former Liang and the Northern Liang were the Buddhist centers in the north.
		The Southern Dynasties laid greater claim to fame in literature and historical studies than did the Northern Dynasties.
	www.chinavoc.com /history/southandnorth.htm (372 words)

	Wu Hu - Ancient China - China
		The Rebellion of the Eight Kings during the Western Jin Dynasty (265-420)Jin Dynasty triggered the large scale Wu Hu uprising from 304, which sacked the Capital of ChinaChinese capitals at Luoyang (311) and Changan.
		The dynasty also had to deal with Qiang and Di on the western border, who had constantly been involved in skirmishes, individually and together, against the dynasty since the middle of Western Han Dynasty (around mid-1st century BC).
		Thus an era of prosperity was observed after the unification under the Western Jin Dynasty (265-420)Jin Dynasty as the relocated tribes adopted agriculture and contributed to revival of economy.
	www.famouschinese.com /virtual/Wu_Hu (3215 words)

	Diplomacy & commercial relationship - SN dynasties - China History Forum, chinese history forum
		The Northern Wei had deliberately planted some jewelries of gold and jade from the palace to the merchants to be put up on sale cheap in Liu Zuan's presence.
		In both northern and southern dynasties, the selection of envoys was a weighty decision.
		The arrival of an envoy of the (Southern) Liang Dynasty in Ye Cheng, capital of Eastern Wei, caused a sensation among the nobles and officials.
	www.chinahistoryforum.com /index.php?showtopic=2139 (1007 words)

	Chinese History
		In 206 BC, when the Han dynasty was founded, China stretched from modern Shenyang (some 500 km north of Beijing) in the north to around Guilin in the south; from the Pacific in the east to well past Chongqing in the west.
		While there was a great deal of political activity occurring during this period, most of it, consisting as it was of various wars between different kingdoms (one of the great novels of China, The Romance of the Three Kingdoms, is about this period), was not terribly important to the later development of China.
		The northern half of China was conquered by barbarians, forcing the dynasty to abandon a northern capital in the early 1100's.
	www.chinatour.com /countryinfo/history.htm (5732 words)

	China, 1–500 A.D. \| Timeline of Art History \| The Metropolitan Museum of Art (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		Internal tensions and pressures from northern tribes such as the Xiongnu and the Xianbei eventually force the Han Chinese south of the Yangzi River, where a minor prince gathers the court together and establishes the Eastern Jin (ca.
		For the next 270 years, China is divided into the northern dynasties governed by non-Han rulers and the southern regimes under Han Chinese control.
		This era is known as the Six Dynasties, in reference to the native rulers in the south, or the
	www.metmuseum.org /toah/ht/05/eac/ht05eac.htm (928 words)

	Dunhuang Art During the Sixteen Kingdoms and the Northern Dynasties... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		On the northern slope is painted a chariot drawn by four dragons.
		As early as the Han Dynasty it was already in vogue to "use the canopy to pay homage to Buddha and Laozi".
		The screens excavated from the graves of the Eastern Han Dynasty at Wuwei are also adorned with the lonicera design which has also been embroidered on the silk fabrics excavated from the graves of Eastern Han at Minfeng.
	ignca.nic.in /ks_19014.htm (3355 words)

	[No title]
		According to Goulde, the collapse of the Han dynasty in China, the appearance of many barbarian kingdoms in the north and west, along with the rising power of the kingdom of Paekche to the south, all posed threats to Koguryo borders.
		In the northern dynasties, Buddhist monks claimed to have magical powers and were able to predict the future.
		The northern dynasties were vastly different from the south in cultural, political, social, and religious structures.
	www.dpg.devry.edu /~akim/sck/bud.htm (4725 words)

	Northern and Southern Dynasties: Ancient Chinese Dynasties (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		In 439, the Beiwei Empire unified the region north of the Yellow River and settled the capital in present Datong, Shanxi Province, marking the beginning of the Northern Dynasties.
		Historically, the Northern Dynasties referred to the regimes of the Beiwei, the Dongwei, the Xiwei, the Beizhou and the Beiqi.
		During Northern Wei period, the rulers were the most generous patrons in both the north and south.
	www.travelchinaguide.com /intro/history/southern_northern/index.htm (1235 words)

	Wei, Jin & Northern and Southern Dynasties
		The Wei, Jin and Northern and Southern Dynasties were a time of much chaos.
		The students tended to be landowners' children, and the teaching material was similar to that of the Han Dynasty.
		After Liu's Song Dynasty was founded in the Southern Dynasty, four schools were established: Confucianism School, Yuan Su School (Element School), Shi School (History School), and Wen School (Literature School).
	library.thinkquest.org /C005704/content_hl_wjns.php3 (596 words)

	China and Inner Asia Sessions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		The "reunification of China" that was achieved by the Sui and Tang dynasties after 589 was not predestined or inevitable.
		With the exception of the eclipse of the heavy cavalry, the military transition from the Northern Dynasties to Tang was characterized more by continuity than change.
		Under the Northern Dynasties (386–581), the army—at least the effective army—was more than an assembly of called-up troops; it was a militarized community that had taken shape over generations of protracted warfare, in the course of which youngsters learned from more seasoned warriors how to fight, and how to view themselves.
	www.aasianst.org /absts/2005abst/China/C-172.htm (1236 words)

	Imperial Era: II
		China was reunified in A.D. 589 by the short-lived Sui dynasty (A.D. 581-617), which has often been compared to the earlier Qin dynasty in tenure and the ruthlessness of its accomplishments.
		Domestic economic instability and military defeat in 751 by Arabs at Talas, in Central Asia, marked the beginning of five centuries of steady military decline for the Chinese empire.
		The Song dynasty is notable for the development of cities not only for administrative purposes but also as centers of trade, industry, and maritime commerce.
	www-chaos.umd.edu /history/imperial2.html (909 words)

	Chinese Ceramics 3Period of Division (221 to 589AD) at On-Line Store
		A magnificent and quite rare ancient Chinese pottery model of a horse and rider, dating to the Northern dynasties, circa 1,500 years ago.
		A superb red painted pottery horse and rider with a drum, dating to the Northern Dynasties, circa 1,500 years ago.
		A rare pair of ancient Chinese painted pottery tomb guards or soldiers, modeled standing at attention, their shield held against their body, a hole in their hands where a pole arm (spear etc) was once held.
	www.allensantiques.com /store/cc3_div.html (233 words)

	China Discovery Tours offers China tour packages, river cruises and tours throughout Asia
		was established by northern Manchurian tribes from 1644.
		Everincreasing incursions by foreign interests led to the Opium Wars, the Taiping Rebellion, and the Sino-Japanese War, all of which weakened the Qing, the last dynasty which fell in 1911.
		Today visitors can see the great palaces and temples of past dynasties in Beijing existing now much as they did in ancient times.
	www.chinadiscoverytours.com /CD/china-introduction.html (455 words)

	Northern Dynasties Research Journal: China: East Asian Library (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		Northern Dynasties Research is a quarterly journal, in Chinese, published by the "Pingcheng Beichao Yanjiuhui" in the city of Datong.
		The tables of contents of issues 17 through 29 (1995-1998) may be viewed by clicking on the issue number.
		If you would like to have a copy of an article included in any of these issues, you may send in a request to Ken Klein, along with your fax number or mail address.
	www.usc.edu /isd/archives/arc/libraries/eastasian/china/ndrjournal.html (99 words)

	Asian Spirit - China - Wei & Northern Wei (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		After three centuries of Civil Wars under the Chin (265-320 AD), and Southern and Northern Dynasties (420-589 AD) China was finally reunited under the Sui Dynasty.
		Gray ware figurines remained popular during this period, but for the first time ever we see introduced many of the mythological animals and human/animal figurines which are so appreciated by the Asian antique collectors of the world today.
		During the Southern and Northern Dynasty’s period of both Northern and Southern China, we begin to see truly unique shapes of vessels designed just for Green ware.
	asianspiritgallery.com /china_wei.html (214 words)

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