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Topic: Northern France Campaign (1944)

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Rundstedt Offensive

Falaise pocket

Operation Cobra

Northern France Campaign

Battle of the Bulge

August 25

Bismarck Archipelago Campaign

World War II

	History of France - France.com
		France's humiliation was abruptly reversed in 1429 by the appearance of a restorationist movement symbolised by the Lorraine peasant maid Joan of Arc, who claimed the guidance of divine voices for the campaign which rapidly ended the English siege of Orlens and ended in Charles VII's coronation in the historic city of Reims.
		Despite the conclusion of a Concordat between France and the Papacy (1516), granting the crown unrivalled power in senior ecclesiastical appointments, France was deeply affected by the Protestant Reformation's attempt to break the unity of Roman Catholic Europe.
		During the reign of Louis XIV (1643-1715), France was the dominant power in Europe, aided by the diplomacy of Richelieu's successor (1642-1661) Cardinal Mazarin and the economic policies (1661-1683) of Colbert.
	www.france.com /docs/88.html (1995 words)

	Northern France Campaign - Raoul Santos, 716th, 732nd,& 744th ROB
		After Cherbourg was captured the 2nd MRS set up operations there and soon two Railway Operating battalions were sent to Northern France the 728th and the 729th, along with the 707th Railway Grand Division.
		The 716th arrived in France in August 1944 and was soon sent to it's first assignment at Dreux.
		France the men were not only harassed by the German fighters, but the V-1 Buzz bombs were a nuisance as well.
	www.angelfire.com /va2/worldwar2family/raoul2.html (2973 words)

	France (10/06)
		France deployed additional military forces to Cote d’Ivoire in 2002 and to Central African Republic in 2003 to address crises in both countries and, with EU partners, led an international military operation to the Democratic Republic of the Congo in 2003.
		France is an active participant in the major supplier regimes designed to restrict transfer of technologies that could lead to proliferation of weapons of mass destruction: the Nuclear Suppliers Group, the Australia Group (for chemical and biological weapons), the Non-Proliferation Treaty, and the Missile Technology Control Regime.
		France participates actively in the Proliferation Security Initiative, and is engaged with the U.S., both bilaterally and at the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW), to curb nuclear, biological, and chemical (NBC) proliferation from the D.P.R.K., Iran, Libya, and elsewhere.
	www.state.gov /r/pa/ei/bgn/3842.htm (5781 words)

	Southern France Campaign (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The following essay is one of a series of campaign studies highlighting those struggles that, with their accompanying suggestions for further reading, are designed to introduce you to one of the Army's significant military feats from that war.
		In addition, the Southern France Campaign resulted in the arrival of the third Allied army group opposite the German border, without which General Dwight D. Eisenhower's army groups would have been stretched thinner and pressed harder during the German Ardennes offensive in the winter of that year.
		The acceleration of the campaign was the root cause of Allied logistical difficulties.
	www.lyonresearch.com /html/body_southern_france_campaign.html (9267 words)

	France: History, Geography, Government, and Culture — FactMonster.com
		France was split into an occupied north and an unoccupied south, Vichy France, which became a totalitarian German puppet state with Pétain as its chief.
		Frances Foster - Frances Foster actress Born: 6/11/1924 Birthplace: Yonkers, New York An actress with the Negro...
		Frances Slocum - Frances Slocum Indian captive Born: 3/4/1773 Birthplace: Warwick, R.I. Frances Slocum was the...
	www.factmonster.com /ipka/A0107517.html (2030 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Northern Ireland \| Tears shed at D-Day ceremony
		In the square, the French Mayor spoke of the gratitude of people there for what the British achieved in 1944 and how the bravery of the men before him, and all those who died, is, and always would be, remembered.
		Shells and rockets were being fired at the beach as he built a metal runaway for vehicles to use to cross the beach.
		It had a feature in the shape of a Celtic cross to mark the Irish involvement in the campaign, and the RAF monument is made from Mourne granite.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/low/northern_ireland/3782729.stm (866 words)

	ABOUT WORLD WAR II (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		While the Germans were retreating in Italy in the summer of 1944, the Allies diverted some of their strength in the theater to the invasion of Southern France.
		The effectiveness of interdiction in northern Italy was shown by the success of the final Allied drive in that area in April 1945.
		The Ryukyus campaign began on 26 March 1945 with the capture of small islands near Okinawa, where forward naval bases were established.
	www.aboutww2.info /campaigns.html (3021 words)

	Lorraine Campaign: an Overview, Sept - Dec 1944
		The Lorraine Campaign, which included failures as well as successes, was chosen because it encompassed a variety of operations that involved such factors as logistics, intelligence, and weather.
		On 6 June 1944, Allied troops landed in Normandy, and the liberation of German-occupied France was underway.
		Thus, at the outset of the Lorraine campaign, Third Army was logistically starved, depleted in strength, and denied the full use of its air assets.
	www-cgsc.army.mil /carl/resources/csi/gabel3/gabel3.asp (9735 words)

	Southern France Campaign
		In addition, the Southern France Campaign resulted in the arrival of the third Allied army group opposite the German border, without which General Dwight D.
		Eisenhower's forces in northern France were already suffering from a lack of operational ports even as they raced toward Antwerp and Brest; Patch, with even less over-the-beach supply capability, could not afford similar difficulties.
		During the last stages of the campaign, VI Corps captured another 183,000 gallons of high-octane gasoline and 36,500 gallons of diesel in a German fuel depot along the Doubs, enough to push Truscott's forces a bit closer to the Belfort Gap, but not enough to do much more.
	www.45thdivision.org /CampaignsBattles/southern_france.htm (9050 words)

	U.S. Army Divisions of World War II - Northern France Campaign
		Northern France Campaign (25 Jul 44 - 14 Sep 44) in the European Theater
		The enemy fell back on the Siegfried Line, and by mid-September 1944 nearly all of France had been liberated.
		During these operations in France, while light and medium bombers and fighter-bomber aircraft of Ninth Air Force had been engaged in close support and interdictory operations, Eighth and Fifteenth Air Forces had continued their strategic bombing.
	www.historyshots.com /usarmy/DisplayCampaign.cfm?CID=24 (215 words)

	Campaigns
		Following from my Jagdflieger Campaign, this campaign allows you to fly the missions flown by the 9th Fighter Squadron, 49th Fighter Group over New Guinea from May 1943 through to March 1944.
		This campaign is about a Fiat Cr42 pilot of the "Regia Aereonautica Italiana",starting with the attack ordered by Mussolini against the opinion of the general Graziani until the counter offensive of Wavell and loss of Tobruk and the whole of Cirenaica.
		This campaign is a rewrite of the original VVS fighter campaign from the original IL-2 Sturmovik simulator as released in 2001.
	www.airwarfare.com /Sims/FB/fb_campaigns.htm (5666 words)

	Northern France
		In the cases of the Falaise gap, the liberation of Paris, the long envelopment to the Seine, establishment of boundaries, and debate over the single versus broad front, it is not surprising that coalition politics hampered the efficient exercise of command.
		At least with regard to the campaign in northern France, this does not appear to be necessary.
		General studies which cover the campaign include Russell F. Weigley, Eisenhower's Lieutenants: The Campaign of France and Germany, 1944-1945 (1981); Carlo D'Este, Decision in Normandy (1983); Nigel Hamilton, Master of the Battlefield: Montys War Years, 1942-1944 (1983); and Chester Wilmot's classic and controversial The Struggle for Europe (1952).
	www.army.mil /cmh-pg/brochures/norfran/norfran.htm (8938 words)

	Normandy, British, Isles, Inshore, Thane, Manners, Walpole, Icarus, Amethyst, Hart, Peacock, Starling, HMS
		Originally code-named 'Anvil', the South of France invasion was planned to coincide with the Normandy landings.
		From central France towards the east and the German border south of the Saar.
		As the last remaining German forces surrendered in France, Germany, Norway and elsewhere, and the Allies completed the liberation of all Europe from their hold, the four major powers moved into their zones of occupation in Germany and Austria.
	www.naval-history.net /WW2CampaignsWFront1944.htm (6312 words)

	Jagdflieger Campaigns
		Later parts of the campaign will see you ascend through the ranks of the Jagdwaffe flying with various western front units, and flying a number of variants of the Fw190 and Me262...
		These campaigns are my first attempts at writing flightsim freeware since releasing my RAF Spitfire: Battle for Europe, 20th Fighter Group, Defence of the Reich and Home Defence campaigns for CFS/CFS2 some years ago.
		My next project will be a campaign focussing on the missions of the 9th FS, 49th FG over New Guinea between July 1943 and February 1944, flying the P38 and P47.
	www.airwarfare.com /Sims/FB/fb_campaigns_jagdflieger.htm (1631 words)

	1944-1945: PHILIPPINES CAMPAIGN
		By the summer of 1944, American forces were only 300 miles southeast of Mindanao, the southernmost island in the Philippines.
		On 20 October 1944, the U.S. Sixth Army, supported by naval and air bombardment, landed on the favorable eastern shore of Leyte, one of the three large Philippine Islands, north of Mindanao.
		On 15 December 1944, landings against minimal resistance were made on the southern beaches of the island of Mindoro, a key location in the planned Lingayen Gulf operations, in support of major landings scheduled on Luzon.
	www.olive-drab.com /od_history_ww2_ops_battles_1944philippines.php (1105 words)

	Military History Online - D-Day June 6, 1944
		After the invasion and subsequent fall of France in 1940, the German army controlled the entire coast of Northern France.
		In 1944, the German war machine was still very powerful despite the many setbacks on the Eastern Front.
		Montgomery arrived in Britain in January 1944 and began to evaluate the feasibility of the operation.
	www.militaryhistoryonline.com /wwii/dday (2240 words)

	Italy
		The Italian Campaign (September 3, 1943 - May 2, 1945) placed Allied troops on the European mainland for the first time, but it was never intended as a substitute for an attack aimed at Germany by way of the more open and more remunerative route through northern France.
		In May 1944 the Allied forces made a carefully planned assault on the Winter Line, synchronizing their thrusts with an attack from the Anzio beachhead.
		But the campaign played an important part in determining the eventual outcome of the war, since the Allies, with a minimum of strength, engaged German forces that could possibly have upset the balance in France.
	www.worldwar2history.info /Italy (939 words)

	Operation Anvil/Dragoon
		On August 15, 1944, Allied forces in the European Theater during World War II invaded southern France, following the June 6 Invasion of Normandy, France, commonly referred to as "D-Day." That invasion, Operation Anvil, later renamed "Dragoon," occurred at the Gulf of Leon east of Marseilles.
		In addition, the Southern France Campaign resulted in the arrival of the Third Allied army group opposite the German border.
		At Hitler's personal order, vital coastal enclaves were to be defended to the last man. However, at that critical juncture in the Southern France Campaign (Anvil), the German High Command began to reevaluate its entire position in the west.
	www.u-s-history.com /pages/h1772.html (1370 words)

	Rhineland Campaign
		Instead of a quick dash into the heart of Germany, what awaited General Eisenhower's armies was an exhausting campaign in horrid weather against a foe whose determination was steeled by the belief that he was fighting for the very survival of his homeland.
		They also noted their preference for the northern advance to the Ruhr, over the southern route through the Saar, and echoed Eisenhower's views of the absolute necessity of opening Antwerp before the onset of inclement weather.
		One reason for Montgomery's demand was the fact that by 1944 the costs of the war were bankrupting Great Britain; shortening the war would relieve the overwhelming economic drain.
	www.45thdivision.org /CampaignsBattles/rhineland.htm (10029 words)

	Joseph L Begin 180th Engineer Battalion
		The Unit departed from the New York Port of Embarkation on 11 February 1944 on the Duchess of Bedford bound for England.
		During the time in England from 24 February 1944 to 20 July 1944, the Battalion was stationed at Congleton, Cheshire, assigned to the Third U.S. Army and trained at Chester, England on the River Dee in the construction of the floating Bailey Bridge, Fixed Bailey Bridge and the Heavy Ponton Bridge.
		From 24 July 1944 to 14 September 1944 the Battalion was utilized by Third Army to haul and move Engineer Supplies and equipment needed during the rapid advance across France.
	graywolf1.home.pipeline.com /joebegin.html (2490 words)

	[No title]
		On 6 August 1944, First Army had advanced as far south as MAYENNE and held the line shown on Map A. 1, p.
		The division participated in the hedgerow battles and was one of the spearhead divisions in the ST. LO breakthrough, and was now a part of XIX Corps of the First Army.
		On 5 August 1944, the U.S. 30th Infantry Division was shifted from XIX Corps to VII Corps.
	www.30thinfantry.org /Mortain-Operations.doc (5192 words)

	World War II United States Army Pictorials (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Covered in this volume are the buildup in the United Kingdom, the air offensive in Europe, and the Normandy, Northern France, Rhineland, Ardennes-Alsace, and Central Europe Campaigns.
		This volume is in six sections: (1) The Allied Defensive; (2) The Strategic Defensive and Tactical Offensive; (3) The Offensive 1944; (4) The Final Phase; (5) The China Burma India Theater; and (6) The Collapse of Japan and the End of the War in the Pacific.
		During this period the men were compelled to huddle in their foxholes under the dripping hedgerows in conditions of extreme discomfort, while the enemy, also entrenched behind the natural defenses of the country, was alert to every movement.
	www.paperlessarchives.com /wwii_army_pictorials.html (1023 words)

	Jewish and Kosher France - Jewish Links
		Details on the Jewish viticulturist from Northern France whose definitive commentaries accompany most editions of the Babylonian Talmud.
		Describes the expulsion of Jews from England and France.
		The Jewish resistance in France, 1940-1944 Title: The Jewish resistance in France, 1940-1944 / by Anny Latour ; translated from the French by Irene R. Ilton.
	www.kosherdelight.com /FranceJewishLinks.htm (469 words)

	World War II Maps - Perry-Castañeda Map Collection - UT Library Online
		Makin Atoll, November 1943 From the Central Pacific Campaign Brochure by Lt. Col.
		Northern Europe, 1944-1945 From American Military History, United States Army Center of Military History, 1989 (258K)
		North Apennines - II Corps Attack on the Livergnano, 1 - 15 October 1944 From the North Apennines Campaign Brochure by Dwight D. Oland (258K)
	www.lib.utexas.edu /maps/historical/history_ww2.html (1229 words)

	September 1944. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Eastern France 23 September to 22 October 1944
		Following the battle of Fortress Brest the battalion was moved to Dombasle, France under the Twelfth Corps.
		Immediately upon arrival, the mortars were set in position facing the enemy along a line running south from Metz to Luneville.
	www.private-art.com /archive/1944/sept/092544.html (75 words)

	HyperWar: ETO/Northern France--Contents
		Northern France: 25 July--14 September 1944 {U.S. Army Campaigns of World War II]
		The Lorraine Campaign: An Overview, September-December 1944, Dr. Christopher Gabel [Combat Studies Institute]
		The Lorraine Campaign: An Overview, September-December 1944, Dr. Christopher Gabel [Combat Studies Institute Reprint]
	www.ibiblio.org /hyperwar/ETO/NFrance/index.html (373 words)

	WarMuseum.ca - Democracy at War - The North West Europe Campaign, 1944-1945 - Operations
		In the long campaign to drive the Germans completely out of the territory it occupied and to invade Germany itself, General Dwight D. Eisenhower, the Anglo-American Supreme Commander, pursued a "broad front" strategy.
		Army, commanding at various times American, British, Czech and Polish formations who outnumbered the Canadians, fought along the left flank of this advance, clearing or bypassing the Channel ports, fighting heavily in the approaches to Antwerp and throughout the Netherlands (see The Liberation of the Netherlands).
		The final months of the war saw the Canadians fighting within northern Germany in the Rhineland and advancing to the North Sea.
	www.civilization.ca /cwm/newspapers/operations/northwesteurope_e.html (305 words)

	The National World War II Museum, New Orleans
		Amphibious Operations: Invasion of Northern France, Western Task Force, June 1944.
		Ambrose, Stephen E. D-Day: June 6, 1944: The Climactic Battle of WWII.
		Six Armies in Normandy: From D-Day to the Liberation of Paris, June 6th—August 25th, 1944.
	www.ddaymuseum.org /education/bibliography.html (265 words)

	John Ryan's Scrapbook, 94th Infantry Division
		This photo album is from the personal collection of 2nd Lieutenant John W. Ryan, Jr who served with the 301st as a Reconnaissance Officer in 2nd battalion, 301st Infantry regiment's Anti-Tank platoon.
		Hold mouse pointer over photograph to view Jack's own caption then click on the thumbnail photographs below to view enlarged picture.
		Brothers in arms, Lorient Pocket, Northern France Campaign 1944
	www.angelfire.com /va2/worldwar2family/ryan.html (97 words)

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