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Topic: Northern Frisian language

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Frisian language

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East Frisian Low Saxon

West Frisian language

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	Frisian language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Frisian is a Germanic group of closely related languages, spoken by about half a million members of an ethnic group living on the southern fringes of the North Sea in the Netherlands and Germany.
		Frisian is officially recognised and protected as a minority language in Germany and is one of the two official languages in the Netherlands, together with Dutch.
		Although the earliest definite written examples of Frisian are from approximately the 9th century, there are a few examples of runic inscriptions from the region which are probably older and possibly in the Frisian language.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Frisian_language (1150 words)

	Northern Low Saxon - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Northern Low Saxon (in Low Saxon, Noordneddersassisch) is a West Low Saxon dialect.
		As such, it covers a great part of the West Low Saxon-speaking areas of northern Germany, with the exception of the border regions where Eastphalian and Westphalian are spoken.
		The other subdialects are East Frisian Low Saxon, Emslänner Platt, Heidjerisch, a subdialect spoken East of Bremen and a subdialect in Bremen and West of Bremen.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Northern_Low_Saxon_language (363 words)

	Northvegr - Holy Language Lexicon
		Arabic, the Semitic language of the Arabs and the language of Islam.
		Frisian, West Germanic language spoken in Friesland, the lowland coast of the North Sea and nearby islands, closely related to Dutch and Old English.
		O.N. Old Norse, the Norwegian language as written and spoken c.100 to 1500 C.E., the relevant phase of it being "Viking Norse" (700-1100), the language spoken by the invaders and colonizers of northern and eastern England c.875-950.
	www.northvegr.org /holy/abbrev.php (2555 words)

	Dutch Language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The most important event in the history of the language during this period was the publication from 1619 to 1637 of the Statenbijbel, the authorized version of the Scriptures, which did much to spread this form of Dutch in the Low Countries.
		Frisian Language, language of the historical Frisian people, now an official language in the Dutch province of Friesland, with dialects still spoken on the Frisian Islands, and in a few German villages.
		Frisian was once the prominent tongue along the North Sea coast and on nearby islands, from the present Dutch-Belgian border to the modern German-Danish border.
	www.starreveld.com /Netherlands/Where4.html (524 words)

	Wikinfo \| Frisian language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Frisian (varyingly Frysk, Frasch, "Fresk", or "Friisk") is a language spoken by a small ethnic group living in the northwestern part of Europe.
		Frisian is officially recognized and protected as minority language in Germany.
		Frisian is highly similar to Old English, and is linguistically classified as the closest existing language to English.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=Frisian_language (624 words)

	Language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Frisian is a member of the Germanic family of languages, and is the closest living language related to English.
		The Frisian was to be free to defend himself against the sea and the attack of the Òwild VikingÓ (Mahmood 2).
		I feel that the study of Frisian, especially in light of its relation to English and its status as a minority language, is most valuable because of the questions it raises.
	web.quipo.it /minola/frysk/language.htm (2529 words)

	MavicaNET - Frisian Language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		North Frisian is spoken along the North Sea coast of Germany and on the Frisian Islands, and East Frisian is spoken farther inland in NW Germany.
		Frisians were a wary and terrible nation, according to ancient sources, and a headache of all conquerors.
		Frisian is a West Germanic language (see characterisation of the Germanic language family) which is spoken by about 400,000 people in the province of Friesland in the Netherlands.
	www.mavicanet.com /lite/hrv/1366.html (596 words)

	Dutch Language - Search Results - MSN Encarta (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Dutch Language, member of the Low-Franconian language group in the western branch of the Germanic languages, spoken by over 17 million people.
		Dutch is the official language of the Netherlands, while Western Frisian holds co-official status in Friesland Province, where it is the first...
		Flemish Language, also Vlaams, language of historic Flanders (comprising what is now the northern part of Belgium and part of the Netherlands and...
	uk.encarta.msn.com /Dutch_Language.html (124 words)

	Northern Low Saxon language : Standard Low Saxon
		Northern Low Saxon (in Low Saxon, Nordneddersassisch or Platt) is a Low Saxon dialect.
		As such, it covers a great part of the Low Saxon-speaking areas of northern Germany, with the exception of the border regions where Eastphalian,Westphalian, Mecklenburgisch and Pomeranian are spoken.
		The diminuitive (-je) (Dutch and Eastern Frisian -tje, Eastphalian -ke, German -chen, Alemannic -le, li) is hardly used.
	www.fastload.org /st/Standard_Low_Saxon.html (362 words)

	Ethnologue 14 report for language code:FRI
		The following is the entry for this language as it appeared in the 14th edition (2000).
		Not intelligible with Eastern and Northern Frisian of Germany (E. Matteson SIL 1978).
		Literacy rate in first language: Speakers not generally literate in Frisian.
	www.ethnologue.com /show_language.asp?code=FRI (112 words)

	A Scandinavian language \| Antimoon Forum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		In Dutch terminology "West Frisian" normally means the Dutch dialect spoken in the region West-Friesland in the province of Noord-Holland, originally inhabited by Frisians, who thus probably left a Frisian substratum in the Dutch dialect of West-Friesland.
		The West Frisian language (Frysk) is a language spoken mostly in the province of Fryslân in the north of the Netherlands.
		West Frisian is the name by which this language is usually known outside of the Netherlands, to distinguish it from the closely related languages of East Frisian and North Frisian, which are spoken in Germany.
	www.antimoon.com /forum/t262-75.htm (1146 words)

	Writing English - Proofreading and Copyediting Services
		Languages of the Germanic branch of the Indo-European language family are usually classified on the basis of similarities in grammar, vocabulary, and phonology into three categories.
		Frisian Language is the language most closely related to English.
		It is spoken in the Frisian Islands and northern Holland and northwestern Germany.
	www.writingenglish.com /germanic.htm (471 words)

	Language
		Language families can be divided into smaller phylogenetic units, conventionally referred to as branches of the family, because the history of a language family is often represented as a tree diagram.
		Languages that cannot be reliably classified into any family are known as language isolates.
		A language isolated in its own branch within a family, such as Greek within Indo-European, is often also called an isolate, but such cases are usually clarified.
	www.angindia.com /biographyland/biography_language.html (454 words)

	Northern Fulmar - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about Northern Fulmar (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Any of several species of petrels of the family Procellariidae, which are similar in size and colour to herring gulls.
		The northern fulmar Fulmarus glacialis is found in the North Atlantic and visits land only to nest, laying a single egg.
		This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /Northern+Fulmar (102 words)

	dutchlanguage (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Dialects and languages in the Netherlands and Belgium
		The language is officially called Dutch by the governments of Belgium and the Netherlands, but the people living in the historic Flanders region still often use the term Flemish because of its historical and sociocultural connotations.
		Flemish, the language spoken in Flanders, became a model for the Dutch language.
	www.rabbel.info /dutchlanguage.html (2845 words)

	It Frysk (Frisian) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Is the language spoken in the northern province of Friesland (Fryslân) in Nederland.
		It is considered a seperate language from Dutch (Het Nederlands).
		Frisian language resources are hard to find, but there is a wealth of Frisian literature and art.
	www.calvin.edu /~dmd3/languages/Dutch/Frisian.htm (133 words)

	U.S.ENGLISH Foundation Official Language Research - Germany: General Information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Danish and Northern Frisian are spoken in Schleswig-Holstein, Sater Frisian in the Saterland, Sorbian (High Sorbian and Low Sorbian) in the southeast of the republic, close to the Czech and Polish borders.
		The Romany language is spoken by Gypsies, whom are scattered throughout the territory.
		The minority languages are protected by law and enjoy a certain level of legal recognition inside the Länder (district) where they are used, with the exception of Romany.
	www.usefoundation.org /foundation/research/olp/viewGeneral.asp?CID=57 (157 words)

	The English Language
		Old English was an inflected language characterized by strong and weak verbs; a dual number for pronouns (for example, a form for "we two" as well as "we"), two different declensions of adjectives, four declensions of nouns, and grammatical distinctions of gender.
		The conjugation of verbs was simplified by the omission of endings and by the use of a common form for the singular and plural of the past tense of strong verbs.
		A simplified form of the English language based on 850 key words was developed in the late 1920s by the English psychologist Charles Kay Ogden and publicized by the English educator I.
	www.kuleuven.ac.be /iccp/2000/iccp6/Englishlanguage.HTML (3541 words)

	mahistory
		language Malagasy is spoken on the island of Madagasgar.
		The approximate modern locations of the four original language families, across the continent of Africa, are indicated by color in Figure 1.
		At this level, the sub-divisions are referred to as dialects, because while Maa speakers themselves are aware of, and react to, the differences as marking speakers from different houses (very large clan groupings) or areas, the speech varieties are mutually intelligible.
	darkwing.uoregon.edu /~dlpayne/maasai/mahist.htm (634 words)

	History Channel Search Results (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Germanic languages are spoken by more than 480 million people in northern and western Europe, North America, South Africa, and Australia.
		NORWEGIAN LANGUAGE, (qq.v.), and Faroese (intermediate between Icelandic and western Norwegian dialects); eastern group—the
		In terms of unwritten regional dialects, the Scandinavian languages form a single speech area of high mutual intelligibility (except for Icelandic, which was long isolated and retains many archaisms), within which Danish has diverged the most.
	www.historychannel.com /encyclopedia/article.jsp?link=FWNE.fw..ge034200.a (184 words)

	Ethnologue 14 report for language code:FRR
		Schleswig-Holstein, on the coastal strip between the rivers Eider in the south and Wiedau in the north, and adjacent islands of Föhr, Amrum, Sylt, Norstrand, Pellworm, the ten islands of the Halligen group, and Helgoland.
		Not intelligible to Eastern Frisian of Germany or Western Frisian of the Netherlands except to a few educated bilingual speakers of West Frisian.
		There is ethnic pride, efforts to revive Frisian literature and bilingual education.
	www.ethnologue.com /show_language.asp?code=FRR (239 words)

	i-Friesland: The history of the ancient Frisian people
		Frisia captured Utrecht and Dorestad, which formed the northern border of the Frankish empire, on Clovis’ death in 511. But in 628 the Frankish king Dagobert defeated a combined Saxon and Frisian force, gained Utrecht back, and established a church there to start converting the heathen Frisians.
		East Frisia, which is in present-day northern Germany, remained a free fragment of the empire until conquered by Charlemagne in 785. The great Frankish leader formed the first strong, centralized government in early medieval Europe. He codified the laws of all the conquered people.
		The Frisians produced the Lex Frisonium, which is fascinating for the picture it presents of a people in a state of flux, caught between the ancient pagan ways and the new Catholic creed taught by missionaries like Liudger and Boniface.
	www.i-friesland.com /history.html (571 words)

	AskOxford: History of English
		The invaders all spoke a language that was Germanic (related to what emerged as Dutch, Frisian, German and the Scandinavian languages, and to Gothic), but we'll probably never know how different their speech was from that of their continental neighbours.
		However, the resemblances between the two languages are so great that in many cases it is impossible to be sure of the exact ancestry of a particular word or spelling.
		The written and spoken language of London continued to evolve and gradually began to have a greater influence in the country at large.
	www.askoxford.com /worldofwords/history/?view=uk (1251 words)

	Frisian Fonts, Frisian OCR, Frisian Reference, Frisian Software - Mac, Frisian Software - Windows, Frisian System,
		Frisian is spoken in northern Holland, mainly in the Netherlands, in the northermost province of Friesland (capital: Leeuwarden), which includes the outlying West Frisian Islands.
		Frisian is a Germanic language, closer to English than Dutch in some respects.
		They are names of Frisian immigrants who are still living, a proof of the fact that literary art among the Frisian immigrants did not come to early fruition.
	www.worldlanguage.com /Languages/Frisian.htm?CalledFrom=210325 (232 words)

	North Frisian Language Institute under threat - Indymedia Ireland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The Language Institute provides books and educational materials as well as conducting academic research and is the sole institution in the language area to provide such work.
		The North Frisian minority is estimated to be 10.000 active speakers with nine different dialects.
		However, the special situation of the North Frisian language and its nine dialects means that learning materials have to come from the North Frisians themselves.
	www.indymedia.ie /newswire.php?story_id=44499&results_offset=5850 (768 words)

	Overview of the German Language to Help You Learn German
		Diverse modern dialects of the German language are spoken in Germany, Austria, Liechtenstein, northern Italy, much of Switzerland, eastern France (Alsace and parts of Lorraine), as well as parts of Luxembourg and Belgium.
		Low German dialects are spoken in the flatlands of the northern regions of Germany.
		The German language belongs to the West Germanic sub-branch (along with English, Frisian, Yiddish, Dutch, and Afrikaans) of the Germanic branch of the Indo-European languages.
	www.transparent.com /languagepages/german/overview.htm (840 words)

	Ethnologue: Germany
		Not intelligible with Western Frisian of the Netherlands or Northern Frisian (E. Matteson SIL 1978).
		Not intelligible with Eastern Frisian of Germany or Western Frisian of the Netherlands.
		Officially recognized as a regional language in 8 states of Germany and in the northeastern provinces of the Netherlands.
	www.christusrex.org /www1/pater/ethno/Germ.html (1115 words)

	The Ultimate East Frisian Low Saxon - American History Information Guide and Reference (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		East Frisian Low Saxon, as a member of the Low Saxon language family is a dialect spoken in the Eastern Friesland peninsula of northwestern Lower Saxony.
		Although an eastern dialect of the Frisian is spoken by about 2000 People in the three villages of Ramsloh, Strücklingen and Scharrel in the Saterland region outside Eastern Friesland, East Frisian Low Saxon is unrelated to Frisian.
		East Frisian Low Saxon differs from the Northern Low Saxon language by many details which are often Frisian heritage.
	www.historymania.com /american_history/Eastern_Friesland_Low_Saxon (471 words)

	English: A Germanic Language \| University of Northern Colorado
		These changes came about in two major waves called “sound shifts.” The shifts in pronunciation originated in the southernmost parts of the Germanic language areas (present-day Bavaria and Austria) and moved gradually to the north and west.
		Germanic words taken to England by tribes such as the Angles, Saxons, and Jutes represent even older language forms than do their counterparts in today’s standard German.
		Cognates are words in two different languages that show evidence of a common origin.
	www.unco.edu /foreignlang/german/gr_english.htm (334 words)

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