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Topic: Northern Fulmar

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	IBRRC: Abstract: Northern Fulmar
		Fulmar nesting colonies are dense, with as many as 200,000 pairs in one colony.
		Northern fulmars breed in the summer months and although their main population breeds along the Aleutian Islands they can be found as far south as Baja California during the fall and winter months.
		Northern fulmars in the Pacific average 544 grams, and require 1,116.3 Kj of energy on a daily basis.
	www.ibrrc.org /fulmar_abstract.html (549 words)

	Fulmar - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The two Fulmars are closely related seabirds occupying the same niche in different oceans.
		The northern species is grey and white, 43-52 cm in length with a 101-117 cm wingspan.
		The Fairey Fulmar was a British carrier-borne fighter aircraft.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Fulmar (290 words)

	The Common Fulmar
		I was much disappointed at not finding the Fulmar along the rocky shores of Labrador, where I had expected to meet with it, as it is regularly observed in spring moving northward in files opposite the entrance of the Straits of Belle Isle.
		Upon St. Kilda these birds are found in vast numbers during the spring and summer months, breeding in the caverns and holes of the rocks; and, from the various uses to which the down, feathers, and oil of the young are applied, contribute essentially to the comfort of the inhabitants.
		"When carrion is scarce, the Fulmars follow the living whale; and sometimes, by their peculiar motions, when hovering at the surface of the water, point out to the fisher the position of the animal of which he is in pursuit.
	www.audubon.org /bird/BoA/F43_G3b.html (1403 words)

	Fulmar (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		The two Fulmars are closely related seabird s occupying the same niche in different oceans.
		The Northern Fulmar, or just Fulmar lives the north Atlantic and north Pacific, whereas the Southern Fulmar is, as its name implies, a bird of the southern oceans.
		The northern species is grey and white, the southern is a paler bird with dark wing tips.
	www.serebella.com /encyclopedia/article-Fulmar.html (336 words)

	::Seabirds:: (Northern Fulmars) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		Northern fulmars are roughly the same size as glaucous-winged gulls, but have a distinctively thick-necked appearance.
		Northern fulmars are less attached to the mainland than most of the other seabird species we study.
		The northern fulmar is one of a very few members of the "tube-nosed" seabird family that breeds in Alaska- all other similar species breed in the Southern Hemisphere.
	www.absc.usgs.gov /research/seabird_foragefish/seabirds/flash_cards/northern_fulmar.html (238 words)

	All About Birds (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		A gull-like relative of albatrosses and shearwaters, the Northern Fulmar is a bird of the northern oceans.
		The Northern Fulmar is one of the longest-lived birds.
		The Northern Fulmar is well known among commercial fishermen for its avid scavenging of offal thrown from whaling and fishing boats.
	birds.cornell.edu /programs/AllAboutBirds/BirdGuide/Northern_Fulmar.html (313 words)

	Mortality of Northern Fulmar in California During October 2003
		In Monterey Bay, we recorded high deposition of dead fulmars on beaches (mean = 12.8 ± 3.2 SE birds km-2, range = 0.3 - 25, n = 10 beaches), and observed high densities of live fulmars at sea (mean = 14.0 ± 4.7 SE birds km-2, range = 2.4 - 40.1).
		We conducted post-mortem examinations of 186 fulmars to determine age, colony of origin, and probable cause of death.
		Fulmars were in poor body condition as evidenced by reduced body mass (male, mean = 453 ± 60 g, n = 32; female, mean = 383 ± 42 g, n = 41), atrophied muscles and livers, and no subcutaneous fat reserves.
	bonita.mbnms.nos.noaa.gov /Research/techreports/fulmar.html (326 words)

	Birds of Nova Scotia - Northern Fulmar (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		Remarks The Northern Fulmar is similar to a medium-sized gull in appearance, but its heavier head and neck, straight wings and gliding flight readily distinguish it in the field.
		Until recently the fulmar was virtually confined to the Arctic and was rare in temperate waters on either side of the Atlantic.
		Fulmars feed extensively on the offal from fishing boats, and it has been suggested that the expansion of the fulmar's range is a result of food provided by an expanding fishing industry.
	museum.gov.ns.ca /mnh/nature/nsbirds/bns0011.htm (487 words)

	Fulmar, Northern (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		The northern fulmar (Fulmarus glacialis, family Procellariidae, order Procellariiformes), medium-sized, tube-nosed seabird, about 50 cm long, related to the albatrosses.
		Originally, the northern fulmar was an arctic bird, but around 1820 it began to spread southward into the eastern Atlantic, perhaps scavenging from the fisheries.
		Fulmars breed on steep cliffs, laying a single, whitish egg on bare ledges.
	thecanadianencyclopedia.com /index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&Params=A1ARTA0003101 (156 words)

	Oil-spitting in Fulmars
		Fulmar chicks are left alone in the nest for relatively long periods while their parents forage at sea, leaving the young vulnerable to predation by cats, otters, skuas, crows, gulls, and raptors.
		The oil-spitting behavior of fulmars has been seen to repel skuas and feral cats (Warham 1977) and may be effective against raptors and other seabirds, as evidenced by the dramatic effects of oiling their plumage (Swennen 1974).
		Fulmar eggs and meat were eaten, stomach oil was gathered and burned in lamps, feathers were used in bedding and to pay rent, bones were made into hooks, and carcasses were used as bait (Fisher 1952, Warham 1990).
	www.colostate.edu /Depts/Entomology/courses/en570/papers_1998/skinner.html (3236 words)

	Marine Wildlife at SOC
		The Northern Fulmars ate the jellyfish by pulling and tearing at the soft tissue of the dome, using their feet as paddles to obtain leverage (Fig.
		On several occasions Northern Fulmars were seen to swim up behind unsuspecting Northern Gannets and give their tail feathers a sharp tug with their beak, although at no time were feathers actually removed.
		In summary, these observations highlight the adaptability and durability of Northern Fulmars while at sea, and provide some insights as to why they are able to dominate even their most aggressive rivals in mixed feeding groups.
	www.soc.soton.ac.uk /marine_wildlife/fulmars-jellyfish.html (1034 words)

	COPULATION AND MATE GUARDING IN THE NORTHERN FULMAR
		Fulmars copulated frequently during each peak in attendance, and the rate increased steadily as the onset of egg laying approached.
		This was only partially true for fulmars; by spending time in or near his nest site, a male effectively guarded against the unaccompanied return to land of his mate but was also free to visit neigh- boring females or be visited by them.
		Fulmars are among the longest-lived birds known, and fi- delity to the same mate and nest site between years is high (Macdonald 1977, Ollason and Dunnet 1978, Hatch 1985).
	elibrary.unm.edu /sora/Auk/v104n03/p0450-p0461.html (10525 words)

	Nearctica - Natural History - Birds of Eastern North America - Fulmars, Petrels, and Shearwaters - Northern Fulmar
		The Northern Fulmar is a large stocky bird that looks more like a gull than a shearwater.
		The flight of the Northern Fulmar consists of several fast wingbeats followed by a rigid glide.
		Overwintering Range: The Northern Fulmar is primarily a pelagic bird coming ashore to breed, but spending most of its time on the open ocean.
	www.nearctica.com /birds/tubenose/Fglaci.htm (434 words)

	Untitled Document (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		The northern fulmar’s basic body shape is similar to that of a gull, but its neck and head are thicker and heavier and its wings are narrower.
		The northern fulmar is a bird often studied for its arctic adaptations, such as its two colour phases.
		The exact life expectancy of the northern fulmar is unknown, but the numerous offspring each bird can produce in its lifetime may be one explanation for this species’ success in the harsh Arctic environment.
	www.aquatic.uoguelph.ca /birds/speciesacc/Arctic/Arc_Birds/Procellariidae/F_glacialis.htm (476 words)

	Fulmar wreck in the Southern North Sea. J.A. van Franeker
		Fulmars are being used as the symbol of the SNS (see www.savethenorthsea.com/fulmars).
		The mass mortality of Northern Fulmars in March 2004 was concentrated in the southern North Sea, with highest densities of victims in Belgium, northern France, southern England, the Netherlands and Germany.
		Fulmars found are welcome at Alterra-Texel or other regional co-ordinators in the Save the North Sea project (for address list see: www.savethenorthsea.com/fulmars).
	www.zeevogelgroep.nl /News/FulmarWreckUK.html (1554 words)

	At a distance: Northern Fulmars in flight (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		Northern Fulmars come in a wide array of color phases, from dark to light.
		Northern Fulmars and Sooty Shearwaters are two of Oregon's most abundant tubenosed seabirds.
		Another characteristic is that fulmars will change directions and perhaps even wheel around while in their extended glides.
	thebirdguide.com /pelagics/book/nofu_flight.htm (548 words)

	New England Seabirds - Northern Fulmar
		The Fulmar is a long lived bird there is documentation of individuals still breeding at 40 years of age.
		Fulmars are occasionally seen on pelagic birding trips and whale watches from the New England coast.
		Dark morph Northern Fulmar with a light morph photographed in the Aleutian Islands on Unalaska by Emmalee Tarry 2005.
	www.neseabirds.com /fulmar.htm (443 words)

	Fulmar - Encyclopedia.WorldSearch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		These birds look superficially like gulls, but are unrelated, and are in fact petrels.
		Northern fulmar: Fulmarus glacialis (The birds of North America)
		The status of northern fulmars, kittiwakes, and murres at St. George Island, Alaska, in 1992 (AMNWR)
	encyclopedia.worldsearch.com /fulmar.htm (380 words)

	Fulmar
		Northern Fulmars are one of the commonest seabirds in northern Britain and are present year-round, with no pronounced migration after becoming adult.
		Throughout most of the twentieth century numbers of Northern Fulmars have rapidly increased, but Seabird 2000 found that during the last 15 years of the century, this rise ceased and in some areas numbers decreased.
		Large numbers of Northern Fulmars are also caught and killed accidentally by the long-lining fleet in the Norwegian Sea and also probably in the North Atlantic.
	www.jncc.gov.uk /page-2868 (529 words)

	The BirdWeb - Species Description (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		The Northern Fulmar is similar in appearance to a gull but stockier, with a thick neck, and more rounded wings and tail.
		While Northern Fulmars are not currently threatened, as colony nesters with high density in a few small areas, they are at potential risk if that habitat is degraded.
		Northern Fulmars are commonly found offshore year round, but their numbers vary from year to year.
	www.birdweb.org /birdweb/species.asp?id=16 (755 words)

	Towhee.net - A Yank Birds in Europe: Stranger in a Farne Land
		Here in northern England on this group of nearly 30 rocky islets the wardens counted over fifty-five thousand nesting pairs of Atlantic Puffins for 2004, more than last year which was the previous modern record.
		For comparison the Northern Flicker is nearly the same height and has nearly the same wing-span as a Puffin, but a body weight only one-third as much, less than five ounces.
		In the distance a Northern Gannet moves south in its glide, flap, glide arcing pattern.
	www.towhee.net /europe/puffins.html (4772 words)

	Refuges Text Version (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		In Alaska, the Northern Fulmar is the only breeding representative of a large family of tube-nosed birds largely confined to the southern hemisphere.
		Fulmars forage farther from their nesting island than most seabirds during the breeding season.
		Among Alaskan seabirds, fulmars are the extreme example of a general evolutionary trend in pelagic birds toward long life and a low reproductive rate.
	www.r7.fws.gov /internettv/nwrtv/akmartv/wildlife-wildlands/wildlife/birds/fulmar.htm (256 words)

	THE OTTER SIDE - F Images
		This dark morph Northern Fulmar in flight was photographed from the Homer to Kodiak ferry in Alaska.
		Northern Fulmars occur in the northern Pacific, northern Atlantic, and adjacent Arctic coasts.
		This Northern Fulmar pair was photographed on the nesting cliffs at St. Paul Island in the Pribilof Islands, Alaska.
	www.otterside.com /htmfiles/f007-t.htm (396 words)

	Murphy's Petrel
		MTY checklist:...nigripes; Short-tailed Albatross Phoebastria albatrus; Northern Fulmar Fulmarus glacialis; Murphy's Petrel Pterodorma ultima; Great-winged...
		www.pwrc.usgs.gov/bbs/retrieval/saou.txt: 00810 Black-footed Albatross 00820 Short-tailed Albatross 00860 Northern Fulmar 00984 Kermadec Petrel 00986 Herald Petrel 01001 Murphy's Petrel 00990 Mottled...
		:...nigripes Short-tailed Albatross Phoebastria albatrus Northern Fulmar Fulmarus glacialis Herald Petrel Pterodroma arminjoniana Murphy's Petrel Pterodroma ultima...
	www.specieslist.com /endangered/common_name/M/Murphy's_Petrel.shtml (1712 words)

	Dark-bellied shearwater identification
		Northern Fulmars, like shearwaters, are long-winged gliders of the sea.
		Fulmars come in an array of color phases, from light to dark, and may appear similar to any shearwater.
		The gray phase fulmar in flight off California (right) is typical of the majority of fulmars off the West Coast of North America.
	thebirdguide.com /pelagics/id_sosh.htm (1205 words)

	Fulmar -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		The two Fulmars are closely related (A bird that frequents coastal waters and the open ocean: gulls; pelicans; gannets; cormorants; albatrosses; petrels; etc.) seabirds occupying the same niche in different oceans.
		The (Click link for more info and facts about Sibley-Ahlquist taxonomy) Sibley-Ahlquist taxonomy gives a radically different scientific arrangement for this group based on ((biochemistry) a long linear polymer found in the nucleus of a cell and formed from nucleotides and shaped like a double helix; associated with the transmission of genetic information) DNA studies.
		The (Click link for more info and facts about Fairey Fulmar) Fairey Fulmar was a British carrier-borne (A high-speed military or naval airplane designed to destroy enemy aircraft in the air) fighter aircraft.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/f/fu/fulmar.htm (429 words)

	justin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		The Northern Fulmar is similar to a medium-size gull in its appearance, but its heavier head and neck, straight wings and gliding flight readily distinguish it in the field.
		Fulmars are related to albatrosses and petrels, in the order procellariiformes.
		This is a map of the migratory path of the Northern Fulmar to Cape St. Mary's
	www.k12.nf.ca /fatima/fulmar.htm (231 words)

	Annotated List of the Seabirds of the World -- Northern Fulmar
		Dark-morph of 'Pacific' Northern Fulmar (Fulmarus glacialis rodgersii).
		The majority of Fulmars in Aleutians are of this uniformly dark coloration.
		Fisher, J. (1966) The Fulmar population of Britain and Ireland, 1959.
	www.oceanwanderers.com /NorFulmar.html (558 words)

	Herald Petrel (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		PELAGICS: Tropicbird* Northern Fulmar Black-winged Petrel White-necked Petrel Mottled Petrel Bonin Petrel Cook's Petrel Stejneger Petrel Herald Petrel Hawaiian Petrel...
		www.pwrc.usgs.gov/bbs/retrieval/saou.txt: 00821 Laysan Albatross 00810 Black-footed Albatross 00820 Short-tailed Albatross 00860 Northern Fulmar 00984 Kermadec Petrel 00986 Herald Petrel 01001 Murphy's...
		: STAL Phoebastria albatrus Phoalb Northern Fulmar NOFU Fulmarus glacialis Fulgla Kermadec Petrel KEPE Pterodroma neglecta Pteneg Herald Petrel HEPE Pterodroma...
	www.specieslist.com /endangered/common_name/H/Herald_Petrel.shtml (1528 words)

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