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Topic: Northern Han

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	Ancient China Dynasties: Five Dynasties and Ten States
		Northern China was ruled during this period by five short-lived military regimes, while the South became split into ten independent states.
		With the exception of the Northern Han, where the jurisdiction included Shanxi, Shaanxi and part of Hebei Provinces, they were all in the south of China, a location that kept them apart from the conflicts which dominated the Central Plains.
		One by one the Ten States came under the rule of the Song and with the fall of the Northern Han, China was reunited and the empire that was to last for a thousand years re-established.
	www.travelchinaguide.com /intro/history/five_dynasty (1353 words)

	Encyclopedia: Northern Han (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		This article is about the Northern Han in the Period of Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms.
		Please refer to Han Zhao for the Northern Han of the Sixteen Kingdoms.
		The Northern Han kingdom is a state of the Ten Kingdoms in the Period of Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Northern-Han (95 words)

	[No title]
		Northern Wei's adoption of Chinese government and encouragement of intermarriage with the Han majority intensified court intrigues and caused internal rebellions, resulting in the extermination of numerous clans.
		The Northern Wei punishments for serious crimes such as conspiracy against the imperial family and state were severe and applied to both the accused and members of the clans related to him.
		Northern Wei's use of eunuchs to consolidate autocratic rule was as much a sign of sinicization as the strengthening of eunuch power and the hastening of the end of the dynasty.
	mcel.pacificu.edu /aspac/papers/scholars/Jay/jay.htm (4424 words)

	Han - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Han, one of the Chinese Sixteen Kingdoms, founded by the Liu family.
		The Northern Han, a kingdom during during the Chinese Period of Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms
		Gina Han, or Sunny Han, of the Han twins murder conspiracy
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Han (314 words)

	4Reference \|\| Ktsquare/Sinology Bibliography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		In the shadow of the Han: literati thought and society at the beginning of the southern dynasties.
		An anthology of Chinese verse: Han Wei Chin and the Northern and Southern Dynasties.
		Mather, Richard B. "K'ou Ch'ien-chih and the Taoist theocracy at the Northern Wei court, 425-451." In: Facets of Taoism: essays in Chinese religion, H. Welch and A. Seidel, eds.
	www.4reference.net /encyclopedias/wikipedia/Ktsquare_Sinology_Bibliography.html (14340 words)

	Encyclopedia: Han Zhao (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The Cheng Han (Simplified Chinese character: 成汉, Traditional Chinese character: 成漢, pinyin Chénghàn) (303 or 304-347) was a state of the Sixteen Kingdoms during the Jin Dynasty (265-420) in China.
		The Northern Yan (Simplified Chinese character: 北燕, Traditional Chinese character: 北燕, pinyin Bĕiyàn) (407 or 409-436) was a state of Han Chinese during the era of Sixteen Kingdoms in China.
		Although chronologically the Han Zhao was not the first of the kingdoms, its armies sacked the Jin dynastic capitals of Luoyang in 311 and Chang'an in 316.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Han-Zhao (3987 words)

	Shanxi - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Shanxi was the location of the powerful state of Jin during the Spring and Autumn Period (722 BC - 403 BC), which underwent a three-way split into the states of Han, Zhao and Wei in 403 BC, the traditional date taken as the start of the Warring States Period (403 BC - 221 BC).
		The population is mostly Han Chinese with minorities of Hui Chinese, Mongols, and Manchus.
		Ancient City of Pingyao is a town and a World Heritage Site near Taiyuan noted for its preservation of many features of northern Han Chinese culture, architecture, and way of life during the Ming and Qing Dynasties.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Shanxi (990 words)

	Ancient China Dynasties: Five Dynasties and Ten States Timeline (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Northern China was ruled during this period by five short-lived military regimes, while the South became split into ten independent states.
		With the exception of the Northern Han, where the jurisdiction included Shanxi, Shaanxi and part of Hebei Provinces, they were all in the south of China, a location that kept them apart from the conflicts which dominated the Central Plains.
		One by one the Ten States came under the rule of the Song and with the fall of the Northern Han, China was reunited and the empire that was to last for a thousand years re-established.
	www.muztagh.com /china-history/five_dynasty/index.htm (1249 words)

	Northern Ireland Assembly - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about Northern Ireland Assembly (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The Assembly effectively took over much of the work of the Northern Ireland Office, although the post of secretary of state for Northern Ireland remains.
		Additionally, the Assembly is specifically charged with setting up interconnecting bodies between Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland to cooperate and take decisions on matters of joint interest.
		This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /Northern%20Ireland%20Assembly (390 words)

	Later Han Military Organisation, Rafe de Crespigny Publications, Faculty of Asian Studies, ANU (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The General-in-Chief, however, was not a professional soldier: during Later Han the position was given to the senior male of the imperial relatives by marriage, father or brother of the Empress.
		As in the Northern Army at the capital, an army in the field was organised into regiments (ying) commanded by colonels (xiaowei), with battalions (bu) under majors (sima), while there was provision for appointment of senior Majors with a Separate Command (biebu sima).
		Furthermore, the soldiers and citizens of the northern frontier did have experience, and the men of Liang province in particular, tempered by combat against the non-Chinese and fiercely loyal to their leaders, soon became a threat to the government.
	www.anu.edu.au /asianstudies/decrespigny/mil_org.html (3606 words)

	Northern Han -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		This article is about the Northern Han in the (additional info and facts about Period of Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms) Period of Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms.
		Please refer to (additional info and facts about Han Zhao) Han Zhao for the Northern Han of the (additional info and facts about Sixteen Kingdoms) Sixteen Kingdoms.
		The Northern Han kingdom is a state of the (additional info and facts about Ten Kingdoms) Ten Kingdoms in the (additional info and facts about Period of Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms) Period of Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/n/no/northern_han.htm (157 words)

	Han -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Han, one of the Chinese (additional info and facts about Sixteen Kingdoms) Sixteen Kingdoms, founded by the (additional info and facts about Liu) Liu family.
		Han, another of the (additional info and facts about Sixteen Kingdoms) Sixteen Kingdoms, founded Li family.
		Han, a (A native or inhabitant of Japan) Japanese word for "odd numbers".
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/H/Ha/Han.htm (534 words)

	Section 1 â“ Historical Background (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The post was designed to extend Han protection to those alien communities who wished to benefit from it, to act as an authority to which they could appeal in times of emergency, and to seek help from such communities when this was needed by Han.
		The existence of the protectorate general served to confirm rather than invalidate the authority of the local leaders and their officials who had received Han titles, seals and ribbons of office; and members of the protector generalâs staff would visit the states of the west or were occasionally stationed there.â CICA, p.
		The king saw that it was impossible to navigate between two such masters and tilted his hand towards the Han, who took advantage of the situation, assassinating one king and beheading another until they had installed someone they could trust, and in 77 BC the name of Shanshan.
	depts.washington.edu /uwch/silkroad/texts/hhshu/notes1.html (7232 words)

	Han Zhao (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Some western texts referred to the Han state as the Northern Han, a nomenclature in diminishing use as the term now referring to the Northern Han in the Period of Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms.
		However the neighboring Tuoba tribe, the powerful Xianbei nomads in modern-day Inner Mongolia and northern parts of Shanxi province, intruded into the Hunnic residence of the Han State under their chieftain Tuoba Yilu (ch.
		On the other hand Hunnic cavalry, successful in plundering the countryside, failed to capture the fortified Jinyang (modern-day Taiyuan city, the provincial capital of the Shanxi province), the provincial capital of the Bing province even though the former governor Sima Teng had fled to the North China Plain and left a mess.
	www.portaljuice.com /han_zhao.html (903 words)

	China, 1-500 A.D. \| Timeline of Art History \| The Metropolitan Museum of Art (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Under pressure from northern tribes, the Han regimes are forced south, and for 300 years China is divided between
		Internal tensions and pressures from northern tribes such as the Xiongnu and the Xianbei eventually force the Han Chinese south of the Yangzi River, where a minor prince gathers the court together and establishes the Eastern Jin (ca.
		For the next 270 years, China is divided into the northern dynasties governed by non-Han rulers and the southern regimes under Han Chinese control.
	www.metmuseum.org /toah/ht/05/eac/ht05eac.htm (941 words)

	Liao Dynasty -- Political, Social, Cultural, Historical Analysis Of China -- Research Into Origins Of Huns, Uygurs, ...
		Posteriro Han Dynasty continued the pacification policy as to the Tanguts, and further seceded Jingzhou (Mizhi county of Shenxi) to Tangut's Li Yiyin in AD 949 and conferred the title of "zhong shu ling" (minister for central secretariat).
		Posteriro Han Dynasty continued the pacification policy as to the Tanguts, and further seceded Jingzhou (Mizhi county of Shenxi) to Li Yiyin in AD 949 and conferred the title of "zhong shu ling" (minister for central secretariat).
		Northern China was inevitably mingled with nomads from Manchuria and Mongolia.
	www.uglychinese.org /liao.htm (5824 words)

	The Historical Interaction between the Buddhist and Islamic Cultures before the Mongol Empire - Chapter 1
		Buddhism initially spread from northern India to Gandhara and Kashmir in the middle of the third century BCE through the efforts of the Mauryan King Ashoka (ruled 273 - 232 BCE).
		The Han Chinese maintained military garrisons in the oasis city-states of the Tarim Basin from the first century BCE to the second century CE.
		Buddhism in the north was devotionally oriented and subservient to the whims of government control, while in the south it was independent and emphasized philosophical enquiry.
	www.berzinarchives.com /e-books/historic_interaction_buddhist_islamic/history_cultures_01.html (3380 words)

	Chinese History - Ten States åå - Northern Han å—æ¼¢ (www.chinaknowledge.de)
		Northern Han with its small territory and few human ressources had no chance but to forge an alliance with the powerful Liao é¼ empire in the northeast.
		The permanent war campaigns against Later Zhou and the newly founded Song å® empire had a deep impact on the economical conditions of Northern Han.
		In 979 the Song armies conquered the territory of Northern Han.
	www.chinaknowledge.de /History/Tang/rulers-beihan.html (269 words)

	Genomics\|HuGENet\|e-Journal\|Hypertension and ADRB2
		This paper studies hypertension in Han Chinese (the predominant ethnic group in China).
		As economic and social conditions in China continue to approach those of western nations, changes in prevalence of risk factors (e.g., obesity) are likely to increase the incidence of hypertension in China.
		B 2-Adrenergic Receptor Gene Variations Associated with Stage-2 Hypertension in Northern Han Chinese.
	www.cdc.gov /genomics/hugenet/ejournal/B2Adrenergic.htm (857 words)

	DAOIST CENTER: Outer History of China (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Han Feizi was a prince from the royal family of the Han kingdom.
		Collapse of his regime (and that of his sons) led to a negative view of Legalism as the basis of government, and the Han dynasty was by contrast greatly-oriented to personal freedom.
		Han Wud-di also normalized the currency, and established monopolies in the salt and iron works to stabilize supply.
	home.comcast.net /~piannone/o-s/ch-outerhist.html (5387 words)

	Chinese Xia Shang History -- Political, Social, Cultural, Historical Analysis Of China
		Scholar Huang Shilin cited the recent excavation of a Western Han Dynasty tomb in Mt Yinqueshan area, Linyi, Shandong and the discovery of ancient classics "Liu Tao" in rebutting the traditional view.
		It would be Han Fei the legalist who described to Qin's First Emperor Shihuangdi the kind of prickly skin a dragon had.
		Han's first emperor Liu Bang would be said to be an incarnation of a red dragon who cut a white snake into two halves while he was on the road of taking refuge after he set free convicts of the Qin Empire.
	www.uglychinese.org /xiashang.htm (12017 words)

	Asian American Attitudes toward Height \| Asian American Poll \| GoldSea
		My response was to the person who implied that somehow "Northern Chinese" were taller than Koreans, and thereby contributed to its height during the Chinese military presence in the peninsula.
		But the Han chinese are not known for being relatively tall, as the northern Tungusics are.
		Not all Northern Chinese are of the Tunguz stock.
	goldsea.com /Poll/Height/height_20128.html (772 words)

	After Han, Ancient Chinese cast coins - Calgary Coin Gallery
		He ruled through a puppet Han emperor whom, in AD 220, he forced to abdicate in favor of his son Ts'ao-pei, who immediately changed the name of the dynasty to WEI.
		The Northern Ch'i Dynasty was founded by Wen Hsuan Ti, the Son of a general who helped overthrow the Northern Wei in AD 535 and the Eastern Wei in AD 550.
		The Northern Zhou dynasty was established in AD 557 by the son (whose name we do not yet know) of a general who helped overthrow the Wei dynasty, and then overthrew the Western Wei which he had ruled through puppet emperors.
	www.calgarycoin.com /cast2.htm (1518 words)

	Song Dynasty -- Political, Social, Cultural, Historical Analysis Of China
		When Northern Han (Liu Chong) and Khitan Liao attacked Posterior Zhou by taking advantage of the death of Guo Wei, Cai Rong led imperial bodyguard troops to Gaoping to counter Northern Han and Khitans.
		Xiaotaihou appointed a Chinese, Han Derang (son of Han Kuangsi or Han Guosi) as so-called 'shumi-shi' in charge of secretariat, Yelü Boguzhe in charge of areas west of Beijing, Yelü Xiuge in charge of areas south of Beijing, and accepted the surrender of a Song Chinese general (Li Ji-qian).
		Xiaotaihou later took in Han Derang as her lover and conferred onto him the post of prime minister and the title of King Jinn; Xiaotaihou gave Han Derang the Khitan name of Yelü Rongyun.
	www.uglychinese.org /song.htm (8406 words)

	All Empires - The Xiong Nu Empire (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Ho Han Yeh, a half-Chinese Xiong Nu prince, entered Han protectorate in 58 BC but his brother Zhi Zhi revolted against him and declared his independence in the same year.
		After Ho Han Yeh's death in 31 BC, the Eastern Xiong Nu re-gained their power and eventually overthrew the Han protectorate in 18 BC under the rule of Yu Chang Yu.
		The remnants of the Northern Xiong Nu then migrated towards the Aral Sea; while the Southern Xiong Nu were finally subjugated by the Han in 216 AD.
	www.allempires.com /empires/xiongnu/xiongnu1.htm (1701 words)

	chu (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Based on the gene frequency of immunoglobulin haplotypes, it is estimated that 20-25% of the genes of current Hakka or Hoklo populations in China originated from northern Han and 75-80% from southern groups of China.
		Biologically, Taiwanese Han groups are most close to the southern Han group in China.
		In short, it is highly unlikely that Hakka and Hoklo populations in Taiwan and China are descendants of migrants of northern Chinese.
	www.siue.edu /EASTASIA/chu_032700.htm (293 words)

	Liu (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		劉 is an extremely popular name, as it was used by the ruling family of the Han Dynasty - a high point in the history of China.
		the Han Zhao Kingdom and the Xia Kingdom in the Period of the Sixteen Kingdoms,
		the Later Han Dynasty and the Northern Han Kingdom and the Southern Han Kingdom of the Period of the Five Dynasties and the Ten Kingdoms.
	www.wikiverse.org /liu (275 words)

	Han (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Han River in Korea, but a different derivation than the "Han" inHanguk.
		Northern Han during the Period of Five Dynasties andTen Kingdoms
		Han, a feudalclan or fief in Japan (See: Abolition of the Han system)
	www.therfcc.org /han-35656.html (150 words)

	Why some northern Han look mixed but not in genes? - China History Forum, chinese history forum
		There is really little Y marker (paternal genes) in northern Han that would indicate any significant mixture with Mongols or Manchus.
		There is really little Y marker (paternal genes) in northern Han that would indicate any significant mixture with Mongols or Manchus. But, it is obvious that from phenotypes, some of the northern Han had mixed with Altaic.
		However 200 million people were crushed...Therefore the zhejiang people retain these southern genes?though i think it was highly highly unlikely unless in the city areas as the taiping strategy is to stay in cities and march to surrounding countryside to recruit.Therefore inter marrige is very rare.
	www.chinahistoryforum.com /index.php?showtopic=6972 (2546 words)

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