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Topic: Northern Hemisphere

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	Northern Hemisphere Enlarged View (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		This plot shows the current extent and position of the auroral oval in the northern hemisphere, extrapolated from measurements taken during the most recent polar pass of the NOAA POES satellite.
		For example, the presentation gives a guide to the possibility that the aurora is located near a given location in the northern hemisphere under the conditions that existed at the time of the most recent polar satellite pass.
		The process to estimate the hemispheric power, and the level of auroral activity, involves using this normalization factor which takes into account how effective the satellite was in sampling the aurora during its transit over the polar region.
	www.sel.noaa.gov /pmap/pmapN.html (314 words)

	Encyclopedia: Northern Hemisphere (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		In theory, northern hemisphere winters would therefore tend to be the same size and a helluva lot more severe than southern hemisphere winters at equivalent latitudes, but in practice, the moderating effect of the larger southern hemisphere oceans more than compensates for this effect.
		The tropics are the geographic region of the Earth centered on the equator and limited in latitude by the two tropics: the Tropic of Cancer in the northern hemisphere and the Tropic of Capricorn in the southern hemisphere.
		Countries primarily in the northern hemisphere that are southeast of Asia: Burkina Faso is a landlocked nation of western Africa.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Northern-Hemisphere (1435 words)

	Northern Hemisphere Enlarged View (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		This plot shows the current extent and position of the auroral oval in the northern hemisphere, extrapolated from measurements taken during the most recent polar pass of the NOAA POES satellite.
		For example, the presentation gives a guide to the possibility that the aurora is located near a given location in the northern hemisphere under the conditions that existed at the time of the most recent polar satellite pass.
		The process to estimate the hemispheric power, and the level of auroral activity, involves using this normalization factor which takes into account how effective the satellite was in sampling the aurora during its transit over the polar region.
	sec.noaa.gov /pmap/pmapN.html (314 words)

	ScienceDaily: Tropical Ocean Warming Drives Recent Northern Hemisphere Climate Change
		Science Daily — BOULDER -- A progressive warming of tropical oceans, likely due to the buildup of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, is driving major climate changes observed in the Northern Hemisphere since 1950, according to a new study published in the April 6 issue of the journal Science.
		"The Northern Hemisphere surface temperature has shown a warming trend over the past several decades to values that are perhaps unprecedented over the past 1,000 years," write the authors, and the NAO change has been a key player in this.
		That trend was soon correlated to changes in weather, agriculture, and wildlife from Canada to Siberia and from the Arctic to northern Africa.
	www.sciencedaily.com /releases/2001/04/010406073554.htm (956 words)

	Southern Hemisphere - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Southern Hemisphere is the half of a planet's surface (or celestial sphere) that is south of the equator (the word hemisphere literally means 'half ball').
		The Southern Hemisphere is significantly less polluted than the Northern Hemisphere due to lower overall population densities, lower levels of industrialisation, and smaller land masses (air currents run mostly east-west, so pollution doesn't easily spread north or south).
		Climates in the Southern Hemisphere tend to be slightly milder than in the Northern Hemisphere.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Southern_hemisphere (381 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The onset of Northern Hemisphere Glaciation during the Tertiary and Quaternary.
		The onset of Northern Hemisphere glaciation - when large ice sheets first spread over the northern continents - culminated in the intense glacial-interglacial cycles that define the Quaternary, and began a unique period in Earth history in which both poles (rather than just one of them) have remained ice locked.
		The earliest recorded glaciation in the Northern Hemisphere is between 10 and 6 Ma during the late Miocene (e.g., ODP Leg 151, 1994; Jansen et al., 1990; Wolf and Thiede; 1991;Jansen and Sjøholm, 1991; Wolf-Welling et al., 1995; Haug et al., 1995a; Haug, 1995).
	www.esd.ornl.gov /projects/qen/onset.html (609 words)

	SOTC: Permafrost
		Permafrost underlies 12 to 18 percent of the exposed land surface in the Northern Hemisphere.
		Approximately 55 percent of the Northern Hemisphere's land surface is covered by seasonally frozen ground, which can last for a few weeks in the middle and lower latitudes, and for several months at high latitudes and high elevations (Zhang et al.
		If the high northern latitudes were to have a significant temperature increase, the regional soils would begin to release carbon into the atmosphere, which could lead to increased plant growth, carbon aspiration, and possibly a temperature drop or stabilization.
	nsidc.org /sotc/permafrost.html (868 words)

	SOTC: Snow
		Northern Hemisphere snow-covered area derived from visible (NOAA) and passive microwave (SMMR and SSM/I) satellite data (1979-2003).
		The time series of differences between the snow-covered area for each month in a given year and the long term average for that month (departure from the mean) indicate similar trends in the two data sets.
		Northern Hemisphere snow-covered area anomalies: Snow-covered area departures from monthly means for the Northern Hemisphere, 1979-2003, derived from visible (NOAA) and passive microwave (SMMR and SSM/I) satellite sensors.
	nsidc.org /sotc/snow_extent.html (850 words)

	Northern Hemisphere circumpolar vortex trends and climate change implications
		Trends in the Northern Hemisphere circumpolar vortex at 700, 500, and 300 hPa are examined to assess the relationship between circulation variability and air temperature.
		The overall and seasonal vortex time series for the Northern Hemisphere are created for northern, middle, and southern contours at each of the three levels in the atmosphere.
		Comparisons with the MSU temperature history indicate that the Northern Hemisphere circulation as a whole, as represented by the circumpolar vortex, accounts for almost two thirds of the interannual variability in midlatitude MSU temperature, indicating that vortex size and position are coupled strongly to atmospheric temperature and could be a good indicator of climate change.
	www.agu.org /pubs/crossref/2003/2002JD002958.shtml (466 words)

	35 Fun Facts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Observe how much of the Northern Hemisphere is covered by the foil (experiencing daylight) and how much of the Southern Hemisphere is covered by the foil.
		During the summer solstice, the Northern Hemisphere (area north of the equator) experiences more hours of daylight than darkness, and the Arctic region (area north of the Arctic Circle) experiences 24 hours of daylight.
		In the Southern Hemisphere (area south of the equator), the duration of darkness and daylight during the solstices is reversed.
	www.letoy.co.uk /35_fun_facts.htm (481 words)

	Winter Solstice
		P.M. In astronomy, the solstice is either of the two times a year when the Sun is at its greatest distance from the celestial equator, the great circle on the celestial sphere that is on the same plane as the earth's equator.
		In the Northern Hemisphere, the winter solstice occurs either December 21 or 22, when the sun shines directly over the tropic of Capricorn; the summer solstice occurs either June 21 or 22, when the sun shines directly over the tropic of Cancer.
		The reason for the different seasons at opposite times of the year in the two hemispheres is that while the earth rotates about the sun, it also spins on its axis, which is tilted some 23.5 degrees towards the plane of its rotation.
	www.infoplease.com /spot/wintersolstice1.html (319 words)

	The Seasons
		The primary cause of the seasons is the 23.5 degree of the Earth's rotation axis with respect to the plane of the ecliptic, as illustrated in the adjacent image (Source).
		Thus, we experience Summer in the Northern Hemisphere when the Earth is on that part of its orbit where the N. Hemisphere is oriented more toward the Sun and therefore the Sun rises higher in the sky and is above the horizon longer, and the rays of the Sun strike the ground more directly.
		Likewise, in the N. Hemisphere Winter the hemisphere is oriented away from the Sun, the Sun only rises low in the sky, is above the horizon for a shorter period, and the rays of the Sun strike the ground more obliquely.
	csep10.phys.utk.edu /astr161/lect/time/seasons.html (964 words)

	EO News: Satellite Data Help Researchers Track Carbon in Northern Hemisphere Forests - December 11, 2001 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The accumulation of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is considered to be the primary forcing agent for global climate change, so forecasts of future climate require that the fate of carbon dioxide released into the atmosphere be understood.
		Right now, scientists have inferred that there is a sink of 1 to 2 billion tons of carbon into the land regions of the northern hemisphere, which corresponds to some 15 to 30 percent of the global annual industrial carbon emissions.
		Russia, the country with most forests in the Northern Hemisphere, accounted for almost 40 percent of the biomass carbon sink.
	earthobservatory.nasa.gov /Newsroom/NasaNews/2001/200112116306.html (868 words)

	Summer Solstice
		When the North Pole of the Earth is tilted toward the Sun, we in the northern hemisphere receive more sunlight and it's summer.
		When it is tilted away from the Sun, it is winter in the northern hemisphere.
		This is the longest day (most daylight hours) of the year for people living in the northern hemisphere.
	teacher.scholastic.com /researchtools/articlearchives/space/solstice.htm (675 words)

	JPL.NASA.GOV: News Releases
		Saturn's northern hemisphere is presently a serene blue as seen in this natural color image from Cassini.
		In the first image, the icy moon Mimas is set against a dazzling and dramatic portrait of Saturn's azure northern hemisphere and the shadows of its rings.
		The view of Saturn's northern polar region was taken with Cassini's wide angle camera on Dec. 14, 2004, at a distance of 719,200 kilometers (446,900 miles) from Saturn.
	www.jpl.nasa.gov /news/news.cfm?release=2005-023 (383 words)

	Top Story - SATELLITE DATA HELP RESEARCHERS TRACK CARBON IN NORTHERN HEMISPHERE FORESTS - December 11, 2001
		The accumulation of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is considered to be the primary forcing agent for global climate change, so forecasts of future climate require that the fate of carbon dioxide released into the atmosphere be understood.
		Right now, scientists have inferred that there is a sink of 1 to 2 billion tons of carbon into the land regions of the northern hemisphere, which corresponds to some 15 to 30 percent of the global annual industrial carbon emissions.
		Russia, the country with most forests in the Northern Hemisphere, accounted for almost 40 percent of the biomass carbon sink.
	www.gsfc.nasa.gov /topstory/20011204carbonsink.html (902 words)

	EO News: Greenhouse Gases Cause Northern Winter Warming - April 23, 2001 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Greenhouse gases are the main reason why the northern hemisphere is warming quicker during winter-time months than the rest of the world, according to new computer climate model results by NASA scientists.
		NASA scientists input all of these factors in a climate model and concluded that greenhouse gases are the primary factor driving warmer winter climates in North America, Europe and Asia over the last 30 years.
		Shindell noted that the Southern Hemisphere isn’t affected by increasing greenhouse gases the same way, because it’s colder and the polar wind circulation over the Antarctic is already very strong.
	earthobservatory.nasa.gov /Newsroom/NasaNews/2001/200104234686.html (686 words)

	The Straight Dope: Do bathtubs drain counterclockwise in the Northern Hemisphere? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The erroneous bit of folk wisdom you refer to says that water always drains in a clockwise direction in the Southern Hemisphere, and in a counterclockwise direction in the Northern Hemisphere.
		However, when you get down to itty-bitty phenomena such as the water draining out of your bathtub, the Coriolis effect is insignificant, amounting to roughly three ten-millionths of the force of gravity (in Boston, at least, which is where they happened to do the measuring).
		The boring truth is that water drains every which way no matter what hemisphere you're in, for reasons which have to do mostly with the shape of the drain, the way you poured in the water in the first place, and so on.
	www.straightdope.com /classics/a1_161 (594 words)

	Webopedia: Northern vs. Southern Hemisphere Monitors
		The monitor you are using with your computer may be affected by which hemisphere of the earth you are in.
		Monitors with cathode ray tubes, which are the majority of desktop monitors in use today, are manufactured specifically for which hemisphere they are going to be used in.
		A monitor calibrated for the Northern hemisphere can still be used in the Southern hemisphere, but the colors and the image would be slightly skewed.
	www.webopedia.com /DidYouKnow/Hardware_Software/2002/MonitorHemispheres.asp (172 words)

	Consequences of Rotation for Weather
		The Coriolis force deflects to the right in the Northern hemisphere and to the left in the Southern hemisphere when viewed along the line of motion.
		The wind flow around high pressure (anticyclonic) systems is clockwise in the Northern hemisphere and counterclockwise in the Southern hemisphere.
		This is a consequence of the Coriolis force, as illustrated for the Northern hemisphere in the following figure.
	csep10.phys.utk.edu /astr161/lect/earth/coriolis.html (680 words)

	Tropical Ocean Warming Drives Recent Northern Hemisphere Climate Change
		BOULDER -- A progressive warming of tropical oceans, likely due to the buildup of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, is driving major climate changes observed in the Northern Hemisphere since 1950, according to a new study published in the April 6 issue of the journal Science.
		"The Northern Hemisphere surface temperature has shown a warming trend over the past several decades to values that are perhaps unprecedented over the past 1,000 years," write the authors, and the NAO change has been a key player in this.
		Winters in northern Europe and Scandinavia have grown wetter, while those in southern Europe and the Middle East have become dryer.
	www.ucar.edu /communications/newsreleases/2001/hurrell.html (597 words)

	USATODAY.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		In the Northern Hemisphere summer, the land north of the equator is tilted towards the sun, allowing more of the sun’s energy to heat the Northern Hemisphere.
		Conversely, during the Northern Hemisphere winter, the land north of the equator is tilted away from the sun, which lowers the amount of the sun’s energy warming the Northern Hemisphere.
		The Earth is actually closer to the sun during the Northern Hemisphere winter, but since the hemisphere is tilted away from the sun, it still feels like winter.
	www.usatoday.com /weather/tg/wseason/wseason.htm (291 words)

	Does water go down the drain counterclockwise in the northern hemisphere and clockwise in the southern hemisphere? ...
		It responsible for air being pulled to the right (counterclockwise) in the Northern Hemisphere and to the left (clockwise) in the Southern Hemisphere.
		The Coriolis Effect is the observed curved path of moving objects relative to the surface of the Earth.
		They curve to the right in the northern hemisphere and to the left in the southern hemisphere.
	www.loc.gov /rr/scitech/mysteries/coriolis.html (496 words)

	Northern Hemisphere Hoodie Hoo Day
		Northern Hemisphere Hoodie-Hoo-Day -- At high noon (local time) citizens are asked to go outdoors and yell "Hoodie-Hoo" to chase winter and make ready for spring, one month from now.
		A photo of Tom Roy getting ready to lead elementary students, senior citizens and various local dignitaries in the 2003 celebration of Northern Hemisphere Hoodie-Hoo Day in Mahoney City, PA. Event sponsored by the Senior Center and Lutheran Social Services.
		Celebrate Northern Hemisphere Hoodie Day to combat cabin fever: antidotes, cures and other imagined wisdom from the creators of Wellcat Holidays.
	www.wellcat.com /february/northern_hemisphere_hoodie.htm (1165 words)

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