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Topic: Northern Sea Route

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	Northern Sea Route - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Northern Sea Route (Russian Северный морской путь) is a shipping lane from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean along the Siberian coast of Russia.
		This route, known as Mangazeya seaway, after its eastern terminus, the trade depot of Mangazeya, was an early precursor to the Northern Sea Route.
		Pomor activity in Northern Asia declined and the bulk of exploration in the 17th century was carried out by Siberian Cossacks, sailing from one river mouth to another in their Arctic-worthy kochs.
	www.pineville.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Northern_Sea_Route (1035 words)

	Baltic Sea - Encyclopedia.WorldSearch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Baltic Sea is in northeastern Europe, bounded by the Scandinavian Peninsula, the mainland of east and central Europe, and the Danish islands.
		Baltic Sea is used in English; in Latin (Mare Balticum) and the Romance languages French (Mer Baltique), Italian (Mare Baltico) and Romanian (Marea Baltică); in the Slavic languages Polish (Morze Bałtyckie or Bałtyk), Kashubian (Bôłt), and Russian (Baltiyskoye Morye (Балтийское море)); and in the Baltic languages Latvian (Baltijas jūra) and Lithuanian (Baltijos jūra).
		After 1945 the sea was a border between conflicted military blocks: in case of military conflict in Germany, in parallel with a Soviet offensive towards the Atlantic Ocean, communist Poland's fleet was prepared to invade Danish isles.
	encyclopedia.worldsearch.com /baltic_sea.htm (1884 words)

	1998 FINAL REPORT, INSROP PHASE 2 PROJECTS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		In the East Siberian Sea, the frequency of snowstorms increases in the southeast and at the Ambarchik (15--20%).
		Permanent currents in the arctic seas are related to the general circulation of the Arctic Ocean and the general thermohaline structure of the region under consideration (Figure 8).
		Sea Ice Variability in the Nordic Seas in; International Conference on the Role of the Polar Regions in Global Change, Proceedings of a Conference Held June 11-15, 1990 at the University of Alaska Fairbanks, Vol.
	www.ims.uaf.edu /insrop-2/report.html (11239 words)

	Northern Sea Route - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Northern Sea Route (Russian Северный морской путь) is a shipping lane from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean along the Siberian coast of Russia.
		A special governing body, the Administration of the Northern Sea Route, was set up in 1932 and Otto Schmidt became its first director.
		They are, west to east, Murmansk on the Kola Peninsula, Dudinka in the mouth of the Yenisey, Petropavlovsk in Kamchatka, and Magadan, Vanino, Nakhodka and Vladivostok on Russia's Pacific seaboard.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Northeast_Passage (995 words)

	Northern Sea Route (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Northern Sea Route, or the North-East Passage, is the shortest sea route from Europe to the Pacific Ocean and the Far East.
		During this period, however, the Northern Sea Route is of greati importance to the domestic service transports of norhtern Russia.
		The objective of the Working Group on the Northern Sea Route in the development of the Route must be the creation of a flexible international transport system for the shipping of energy resources from the Pechora and Kara Sea Coastal regions.
	www.beac.st /printpage.asp?id=164 (372 words)

	The Northern Sea Route User Conference:
		In the Kara Sea a route leg between Karskiye Vorota Strait and Beliy Island is advisable for plotting across this area and – as to the leg between Beliy Island and the port of Dikson – close to the coast, where the probability of favourable ice conditions is high.
		In the Chukchi Sea it is advisable to plot the route in close proximity to the coast of the Chukotsky Peninsula.
		In the Laptev Sea from the Arkticheskiy Cape to the Petra Islands one is recommended to choose the route that passes near the coast, as this zone most probably clear of ice, and further northward of Bel'kovskiy Island to the Anisiy Cape, skirting the Taymyr ice massif on the South edge.
	www.fni.no /insrop/execsum.htm (18941 words)

	Asia Times: Russia dreams of a new East-West sea link
		MOSCOW - The Northern Sea Route (NSR) is a potential new trade link between Europe and Northern Asia, but a long journey lies ahead due to harsh weather conditions in the Arctic seas and the economic maelstrom in Russia and in Asia.
		The NSR is also connected to the north-flowing rivers of the Soviet Arctic - inland waterways important to the movement of cargo and passengers throughout Siberia's interior.
		Thus, the NSR is yet to emerge as an important transport route from the Pacific to the Russian port of Murmansk, close to Norway and Finland.
	www.atimes.com /c-asia/AE08Ag01.html (817 words)

	[No title]
		On this background, the Northern Sea Route User Conference was organized in Oslo 18-20 November 1999 as a forum for presenting INSROP’s research findings, for hearing the views and plans of the shipping industry, major exporters and relevant Russian authorities, and for discussing the way ahead.
		For centuries, traders have dreamt of using the sea route north of Russia to shorten distances between Northern Europe and Northeast Asia.
		And although the NSR is impeded by ice and Russian political instability, the Suez and Panama Canals have their own inherent problems of draft limitations, which may be avoided on the NSR.
	www.fni.no /insrop/konf.htm (1504 words)

	Sea Route Impacts Native Peoples
		The creation of the Northern Sea Route (NSR), an enormous undertaking of the central government of the Soviet Union in the late 1920s and 1930s, enabled ships to regularly transit the icy waters of the Northeast Passage.
		Some of the historical impacts of the NSR are directly caused by use and maintenance of the sea route itself.
		The impacts were multiplied in the case of the NSR by the nature of Soviet power and authority, the use of forced labor, and later by conscious government policy favoring creation of large cities in the Far North.
	www.isar.org /pubs/ST/RUsearoute49.html (1483 words)

	Baltic Sea - Open Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Vikings used the rivers of Russia for trade routes, finding their way eventually all the way to Black Sea and southern Russia.
		In May 2004, the Baltic Sea became almost completely an European Union internal sea when the Baltic states became part of the European Union, leaving only the Russian metropolis of Saint Petersburg and the enclave of Kaliningrad as non-EU areas.
		The Baltic Sea is very shallow, and because the straits of Denmark are quite narrow, the waters of the Baltic are not regularly exchanged with the cold waters of the Atlantic.
	open-encyclopedia.com /Baltic_Sea (1799 words)

	The discovery and history of exploration of the Northern Sea Route (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The expositions of this department of the museum present the discovery, exploration and development of navigation since XI -XII centuries until present time across the North - East Passage or, as it is known in Russia, the Northern Sea Route.
		The surveys of Kara Sea Expeditions in 1920-30 and the Northern Scientific and Trade marine expedition laid the foundation for the complex study and exploration of the Arctic.
		All year round navigation along the Northern Sea Route is provided by polar weather stations, special airborne ice survey and, research satellites.
	www.polarmuseum.sp.ru /Eng/route.htm (718 words)

	Ocean Policy Research Foundation : International Projects - Northern Sea Route (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Northern Sea Route and The Southern Sea Route
		The Northern Sea Route, NSR has an indisputable advantage in the traveling distance between Europe and the Far East or the west coast of North America.
		Via the Northern Sea Route, the distance of navigation between Hamburg and Yokohama, for instance, is only 6,900 miles, while via the conventional southern route it is 11,430 miles, passing through the Suez Canal.
	www.sof.or.jp /international/nsr/index.html.en (294 words)

	Northern Sea Route on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Influence of the Consumption of Fatty Baltic Sea Fish on Plasma Levels of Halogenated Environmental Contaminants in Latvian and Swedish Men.
		Containers come on strong: already established as the moving force in export-import traffic, containers are closing in on domestic routes.
		Diet of oceanic loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) in the central North Pacific.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/X/X-N1rthrnS1R1.asp (437 words)

	[No title]
		INSROP (International Northern Sea Route Programme) was a six-year (June 1993 – March 1999) international research programme designed to create an extensive knowledge base about the ice-infested shipping lanes running along the coast of the Russian Arctic from Novaya Zemlya in the west to the Bering Strait in the east.
		The NSR represents an up to 40% saving of distance from Northern Europe to Northeast Asia and the north-west coast of North America compared to southerly sea routes via Suez or Panama.
		Shortly after the completion of the programme, the Northern Sea Route User Conference was organized by the main INSROP partners in Oslo, Norway, 18-20 November 1999, in order to disseminate INSROP results to the shipping industry and other potential NSR users and stake-holders.
	www.fni.no /insrop (848 words)

	CIA - The World Factbook -- Field Listing - Background (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Taliban seized Kabul in 1996 and were able to capture most of the country outside of Northern Alliance strongholds primarily in the northeast.
		Northern Bulgaria attained autonomy in 1878 and all of Bulgaria became independent in 1908.
		Rebel forces claimed the northern half of the country and in January 2003 were granted ministerial positions in a unity government under the auspices of the Linas-Marcoussis Peace Accord.
	www.phatnav.com /factbook/fields/2028.html (16146 words)

	RUSNET :: Encyclopedia :: N :: Northern Sea Route
		Northern Sea Route, also known as Northeast Passage, is a water route along the northern coast of Europe and Asia, between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans.
		In the early 1900s, icebreakers sailed through the passage, and in the 1930s the Northern Sea Route, a shipping lane, was established by the USSR.
		The Northern Sea Route cuts the distance between Russian Atlantic and Pacific ports in half.
	www.rusnet.nl /encyclo/n/northern_sea_route.shtml (323 words)

	Arctic Team Seeks 1840s Explorer's Lost Ships
		Summary In the century and a half since Sir John Franklin made an ill-fated attempt to find a northern sea route to Asia, no traces of his two ships have been found in the Canadian Arctic.
		The members of the expedition plan to pull a magnetometer behind a snowmobile across the ice in two areas where the remains of Franklin's ships are thought to rest beneath the frigid sea.
		Franklin's plan was to find the Northwest Passage, a northern sea route to Asia that had eluded European explorers for hundreds of years.
	news.nationalgeographic.com /news/2002/04/0430_020430_franklin.html (864 words)

	Great Northern Sea line Route
		This picture is of the observation car on the Great Northern passenger train as it leaves Crescent Station and crosses Crescent Road on its approach to the Nicomekl trestle.
		The Great Northern and later Burlington Northern continued to operate a passenger train from Seattle to Vancouver until April 30th, 1971.
		The engineer was blowing his whistle, continuously three short blasts, from the time the train hit the slide until it was laying on the beach.
	members.shaw.ca /j.a.brown/SealineRoute.html (1054 words)

	Red Sea Diving Northern Route \| Red \| Sea
		The stern complete with rudder and prop are intact and the remains of the hull have attracted an enormous amount of fish life, small schools of barracuda hang over the stern and jack patrol the area.
		The wreck is misnamed in a lot of Red Sea guides as the Sarah H, rumour has it that the wreck was named after a divemaster on board at the time it was discovered.
		The wreck is misnamed in a lot of Red Sea guides as the Sarah H, rumour has it that the wreck was named after a divemaster on board at the time it was discovered and Shag Rock.
	www.infohub.com /TRAVEL/SIT/sit_pages/6649.html (2152 words)

	Northern Sea Route
		The NorthEAST Passage is the sea route along the northern coast of Europe and Asia, joining the Atlantic and Pacific oceans.
		This is a more practical route than through Arctic North America, and more vessels use this route than ever use the Northwest Passage.
		The first icebreakers navigated the Northeast Passage in the early 1900s, and in the 1930s the "Northern Sea Route" was established by the USSR (now Russia).
	www.athropolis.com /arctic-facts/fact-nepass.htm (367 words)

	AllRefer.com - Northern Sea Route (Arctic Physical Geography) - Encyclopedia
		AllRefer.com - Northern Sea Route (Arctic Physical Geography) - Encyclopedia
		You are here : AllRefer.com > Reference > Encyclopedia > Arctic Physical Geography > Northern Sea Route
		More articles from AllRefer Reference on Northern Sea Route
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/X/X-NrthrnSR.html (123 words)

	Arctic ice cap melt: a boon for shipping with new northern route
		A "northern sea route" along the Siberian coast would be almost 40 percent shorter than the current Europe-Asia route, which requires a lengthy detour through the Suez Canal.
		This positive consequence of the melting ice cap contrasts starkly with otherwise dire predictions for climate change in the Arctic, as researchers warned of rising sea levels and the extinction of some species, such as polar bears which need the ice to access their prey.
		Brigham said a trans-Arctic route could be of particular interest for transports of sensitive cargo, such as Japanese nuclear waste sent to Europe for treatment, to prevent the materials from falling into the hands of terrorists.
	www.terradaily.com /2004/041110171159.1kqpvtle.html (1004 words)

	NFI søk: litteratur: The natural and societal challenges of the Northern Sea Route (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The natural and societal challenges of the Northern Sea Route
		The historical and geopolitical context of the Northern sea route: Lessons to be considered
		The multiple realities of the Northern Sea Route: Geographical hot and cool spots of navigation.
	www.nsd.uib.no /nfi/litteratur/?key=375623&language=no (123 words)

	NFI søk: litteratur: An overview of Russian satellite data for the Northern Sea Route. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		NFI søk: litteratur: An overview of Russian satellite data for the Northern Sea Route.
		An overview of Russian satellite data for the Northern Sea Route.
		Bushuev, A. et al: An overview of Russian satellite data for the Northern Sea Route.
	www.nsd.uib.no /nfi/litteratur/?key=337823 (94 words)

	Regional: Sea and Oceans: Arctic Ocean - Open Site (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Regional: Sea and Oceans: Arctic Ocean - Open Site
		Top: Regional: Sea and Oceans: Arctic Ocean (7)
		Natural hazards: ice islands occasionally break away from northern Ellesmere Island; icebergs calved from glaciers in western Greenland and extreme northeastern Canada; permafrost in islands; virtually ice locked from October to June; ships subject to superstructure icing from October to May.
	open-site.org /Regional/Sea_and_Oceans/Arctic_Ocean (123 words)

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