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	Song Dynasty - MSN Encarta
		The Song dynasty marked the beginning of a new relationship between government and society that would characterize the later imperial period of Chinese history.
		Financially, the dynasty depended on the lower Yangtze region, which by the middle of the 11th century had become the economic and population center of the empire.
		The Song army was defeated, and in 1004 it signed a peace treaty with the Liao in which it agreed to make an annual payment of 100,000 ounces of silver and 200,000 bolts of silk.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761551755/Song_Dynasty.html (1644 words)

	ipedia.com: Song Dynasty (960-1279) Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The Northern Song (960-1127) signifies the time when the Song capital was in the northern city of Kaifeng and the dynasty controlled all China.
		The northern Jin dynasty was overrun by the Mongols in 1234, who subsequently took control of northern China and maintained uneasy relations with the Southern Song court.
		When on March 19, 1279 the Song army was defeated in its last battle, the Battle of Yamen, against the Mongols in the Pearl River Delta, a high official is said to have taken the boy emperor in his arms and jumped from a clifftop into the sea, drowning both of them.
	www.ipedia.com /song_dynasty__960_1279_.html (1107 words)

	Sui,Tang & Song Dynasties (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		During the Song period, Confucianism was extensively dogmatised, with the achievement of a state-wide moral code and thus the first establishment of a cohesive Chinese civilisation.
		The first or 'Northern' Song dynasty (960-1127) established a degree of external stability by the payment of tribute to surrounding barbarian states, and internally, under Shen Tsung, by a reorganisation of the military structure, centralising control of the army and separating military from civil functions, thus clipping the wings of the generals and warlords.
		The Northern Song dynasty finally came to an end when Northern China was successfully invaded by the Jurchen tribes who established the Ch'in Empire.
	www.chinesemoods.com /suitang.html (600 words)

	Imperial Elegance - Chinese Ceramics from Asia Society's Rockefeller Collection
		Huizong, the Northern Song-dynasty emperor who reigned from 1101 to 1126, was the epitome of the Chinese emperor-aesthete, and his taste had a strong and long-lasting impact on the arts, ranging from poetry to jade carving.
		Unlike earlier Northern Song emperors, Huizong was not interested in the style of Ding ware, with its light colored and often imperfect glazes and incised and impressed decoration.
		The Northern Song emperor Huizong (reigned 1101—1125) was a lover of the dried, powdered tea from Fujian, which was frothy white when whisked in hot water.
	www.asiasociety.org /arts/imperialelegance/imperialtaste.html (1145 words)

	Song Dynasty Map (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The Song period divides into two phases, Northern Song (960 to 1127), and Southern Song (1127 to 1279).
		The Song Dynasty is notable for the development of cities, not only for the administrative purposes, but also as centers of trade, industry, and maritime commerce.
		The effect was to inhibit the societal development of premodern China, resulting both in many generations of political, social, and spiritual stability and in a slowness of cultural and institutional change up to the nineteenth century.
	www.paulnoll.com /China/Dynasty/dynasty-Song.html (268 words)

	china10K.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The Northern Song's territories extended to the eastern and southern coastlines.
		The middle period of the Northern Song (998-1099), lasting from Emperor Zhenzong to Emperor Zhezong, was an important period in the history of the Northern Song.
		The last stage of the Northern Song (1100-1127) covered the reigns of Emperors Huizong and Qinzong, and was the darkest and most corrupt period of the entire dynasty.
	www.china10k.com /english/history/5/52/52.htm (1001 words)

	Chinese history, Song dynasty
		Northern China was controlled by five successive short-lived dynasties, while at the same time, the South was held by ten independent kingdoms.
		The Song royal family fled to the southern China, where the family and its followers set up a new capital city in Lin'an (present Hangzhou).
		The Southern Song capital city Hangzhou emerged as a thriving metropolis not matched in the western world until the nineteenth century.
	www.hometownchina.com /song.htm (622 words)

	Chinese History - Song Dynasty å® (www.chinaknowledge.de)
		The Song period is marked by a revival of old Confucian traditions after the Tang age of Buddhism, and the prevailing position of civil scholars over the military age of Tang and Five Dynasties.
		But Song culture was also a culmination of the heritage of two thousand years of culture, and from this point of crystallization on, Chinese thinking became orthodox, culture became sterile as if it had been unchanged since thousands of years.
		The Song Dynasty did not rule over whole China - the north was occupied by the empires of Liao é¼, Western Xia è¥¿å¤ and Jin é‘, all empires founded by Non-Chinese peoples (Khitans, Tanguts and Jurchens).
	www.chinaknowledge.de /History/Song/song.html (295 words)

	About China-History-Song Dynasty
		In political terms, the fall of the Tang Dynasty (681-907) and the resultant disintegration of the empire did not mean a sharp break with the past.
		Firstly, the Northern Song when the capital was in Dongjing (present day Kaifeng City in Henna Province) from 960 to 1127.
		Some of the Song ministers went south to Fujian and Guangdong to reestablish the mini-Song court which was short-lived, ending in the 2nd year of Xiangxing (1279) at Yashan.
	www.toureasy.net /html/aboutchina/ChineseHistory/Song.htm (1208 words)

	Imperial Mausoleums of the Song Dynasty (960-1279) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The imperial tombs of the Northern Song Dynasty (960-1127), the Song Mausoleums, are in western
		These stone statues and the stone lions guarding the other three gates are finely sculpted, demonstrating that Song Dynasty stone sculptures had gradually discarded a pronounced mythical air and begun to display a sense of real life.
		The Northern Song sculptures of the early period were rather coarsely carved, similar to Tang Dynasty style.
	www.china.org.cn /english/features/atam/115232.htm (1365 words)

	A SIMPLIFIED HISTORY OF CHINA
		The first known Chinese dynasty was that of the Shang, which began in northeastern Hunan and later extended eastward along the Yangtze to the sea.
		The Ming Dynasty formally ended when Beijing was attacked by rebel forces led by an irate postal clerk who had lost his job due to budget cuts.
		The Manchus prohibited Han Chinese from migrating to the Manchu homeland and forbid intermarriage.
	www.benbest.com /history/China.html (2773 words)

	Qingming Festival by the Riverside
		Later, Zhang became a painter for the Imperial Painting Academy of the Northern Song Dynasty.
		The importance of Bianjing as the political, economic and cultural center of the Northern Song Dynasty in the empire is fully depicted in the painting's city street scene.
		The depiction of the architecture, merchants and transportation in Bianjing vividly reflects the economic boom of the Northern Song Dynasty.
	www.chinaculture.org /gb/en_artqa/2003-09/24/content_39764.htm (1025 words)

	Imperial Era: II
		China was reunified in A.D. 589 by the short-lived Sui dynasty (A.D. 581-617), which has often been compared to the earlier Qin dynasty in tenure and the ruthlessness of its accomplishments.
		The Sui dynasty's early demise was attributed to the government's tyrannical demands on the people, who bore the crushing burden of taxes and compulsory labor.
		The next half-century saw the fragmentation of China into five northern dynasties and ten southern kingdoms.
	www-chaos.umd.edu /history/imperial2.html (909 words)

	Jindezhen Fine Ceramics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Jingdezhen was formerly named Changnan and Jingdezhen porcelain industry was quite developed in the Song Dynasty.
		In the 1st year of the Northern Song Dynasty, the emperor Song Zhenzong appreciated the porcelain for the royal use so much that it was renamed Jingdezhen (Jingde Town).
		Jingde was the name of the reign in the Northern Song Dynasty.
	www.jingdezhenfineceramic.com (310 words)

	China in the Song Dynasty
		The Song Dynasty (960-1279), after the Han Dynasty (202 BC-220 AD) and the Tang Dynasty (618-906), was one of the greatest dynasties in Chinese history that saw great cultural flourishing.
		In 1126, the dynasty had to move its capital from Kaifeng in northern China to Hanzhou in southern China because the Chinese north fell to the Tartar invaders, some of them ancestors to the latter day Manchus, who eventually established their rule in China and the last Chinese imperial dynasty, the Manchu Dynasty (1644-1911).
		By the mid-Tang Dynasty, the majority of the hereditary aristocracy were threatened their political positions, and by late Tang/early Song, the scholar/gentry had firmly established his social/political/intellectual control of China.
	www.iun.edu /~hisdcl/h425/songdynasty.htm (832 words)

	Song Dynasty (960-1279): Definition and Links by Encyclopedian.com
		The Song Dynasty (宋朝 960-1279) followed the Period of the Five Dynasties and the Ten Kingdoms and preceded the Yuan Dynasty in China.
		Because Chinese diplomatic theory did not recognize relations between equal states, the Southern Song was technically a tributary state of the northern dynasty.
		Convention: "Song" + temple name or posthumous name except last emperor who was revered as Song Di Bing[?] (宋帝昺 song4 di4 bing3)
	www.encyclopedian.com /so/South-Sung-Dynasty.html (357 words)

	Leslie Sacks Fine Art - Song Background
		The Song Dynasty is the "classical" period in the history of Chinese ceramics and some of the finest work of all time dates from this era.
		The Song Dynasty set the stage, shaping the intellectual and political climate for the rest of the Chinese imperial era down to the twentieth century.
		Art of the Southern Song was characterized by the pursuit of an aesthiticized way of life, focusing on beauty and the pleasures of life.
	www.lesliesacks.com /gallery/artistPages/song/songbio.htm (338 words)

	Revival of Daoism during the Northern Song Dynasty and Appearance of New Religious Teachings
		was the most prosperous of the Daoist sects of the Northern Song dynasty, and it had a clear pedigree of transmission with eight patriarchs altogether.
		With the support of the rulers of the middle and late Tang dynasty, the Zhang Celestial Masters Tradition began to revive, and gradually formed the Celestial Masters Tradition of Mt. Longhu in Jiangxi province in the late Tang dynasty, and framed its pedigree of transmission.
		From the period of the Five Dynasties to the Northern Song Dynasty, it was the turning point for the replacement of Outer Alchemy
	eng.taoism.org.hk /general-daoism/development-of-daoism/pg1-2-5-1.asp (1572 words)

	Song Dynasty Chinese Ceramics in The Alberto Manuel Cheung Gallery on the Web
		Globular jar Cizhou type with dark brown glaze with subtle russet splashes and a slight clear glazed raised lip extended with a leaf decor collar.
		Northern Song Period (AD 3.5 in (8.9 cm), D. 4.75 in (12 cm).
		This type of Jingdezhen white ware marked the transition between stoneware to porcelain in the early 10th C. Five Dynasties (AD 907-960).
	www.albertomanuelcheung.com /ceramics.htm (309 words)

	Song Dynasty -- Political, Social, Cultural, Historical Analysis Of China
		Song Emperor Zhenzong sent a messenger to Li Deming for sake of pacifying him, and Li Deming dispatched general Wang Shen to Song for seeking suzerainty.
		Song's new prime minister, Chen Yizhong, sent Liu Yue to Mongols in the attempt of expressing ackowledgement as a Mongol vassal, but Liu Yue was killed by a Song Chinese civilian on route, at Gaoyou of Jiangsu Province.
		Song Court was frequently on the run, from one island to another, along the coast, and on May 8th of AD 1278, the new Song Emperor died of illness within two years of enthronement.
	www.republicanchina.org /song.html (8570 words)

	Capital cities of China (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		It then became the capital of the Kingdom of Wei in the Warring Sates Period (475-331 B.C.), the Liang, Han and Zhou dynasties of the five Dynasties (907-960).
		The Northern Song, in particular, established its capital in Kaifeng for 168 years
		Founded in 1200 bc, it was China's capital for 10 dynasties until the Northern Song Dynasty (10-th century A.D.)
	www.chinapage.com /map/capital.html (79 words)

	Southern Song Dynasty (1127-1279 A.D.) \| Special Topics Page \| Timeline of Art History \| The Metropolitan Museum of Art (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		In 1125, when the Jurchen, a seminomadic people from northeast Asia, invaded Song China and captured the capital at Bianliang (modern Kaifeng), founding their own Jin dynasty in the north, the Song court reestablished itself in the south in Hangzhou, where it continued to rule for another 150 years as the Southern Song dynasty.
		Southern Song society was characterized by the pursuit of a highly aestheticized way of life, and paintings of the period often focus on evanescent pleasures and the transience of beauty.
		One particularly important source of inspiration for Southern Song artists was the natural beauty of Hangzhou and its environs, especially West Lake, a famed scenic spot ringed with lush mountains and dotted with palaces, private gardens, and Buddhist temples.
	www.metmuseum.org /toah/hd/ssong/hd_ssong.htm (513 words)

	Chinese Ceramics 5Liao, Five & Song Dynasties (907 to 1279AD) at On-Line Store
		A superb small model of a dog from the Song dynasty glazed in a Yingqing (Qingbai) glaze with brown spots.
		A rare miniature model of a horse and rider from the Song dynasty glazed in a Yingqing (Qingbai) glaze with brown glaze highlights.
		An exceptionally rare Chinese ewer, dating to the Southern Song dynasty, and covered in a finely crackled yingqing or qingbai glaze of pale duck egg blue color, the shoulders and lid with moulded petal designs.
	www.allensantiques.com /store/cc5_liao.html (716 words)

	Northern Song Dynasty
		His first task was to abolish military coups by establishing a professional army that was loyal to the dynasty with military commanders under the strict control of the central government.
		With the exception of Zhejiang, Shanxi, Nanzhao and the area ruled by the Khitan, the country had come under Song control and the activities of the warlords had been brought to an end.
		From then on the Song Dynasty defended its borders against invasions and, unlike the Tang, never attained a universal empire.
	www.chinaculture.org /gb/en_aboutchina/2003-09/24/content_22804.htm (373 words)

	One ton of ancient coins unearthed
		Some coins have been confirmed to belong to the Northern Song Dynasty while others were not identified because of erosion.
		"That dynasty is regarded as one of the most prosperous periods in ancient China and a large number of coins were cast at that time," Zhou Weirong, an expert with the China Numismatic Museum, told China Daily.
		Historical data shows that the number of coins cast each year in the peak period was 7 million strings each with 1,000 coins.
	www.chinadaily.com.cn /home/2006-04/12/content_565596.htm (345 words)

	Northern Song Dynasty (960-1127 A.D.) \| Special Topics Page \| Timeline of Art History \| The Metropolitan Museum of Art (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The Song dynasty (960–1279) was culturally the most brilliant era in later imperial Chinese history.
		The early Northern Song dynasty witnessed the flowering of one of the supreme artistic expressions of Chinese civilization: monumental landscape painting.
		An important outgrowth of Song political unification after the war-torn Five Dynasties period (907–60) was the creation of a distinctive style of court painting under the auspices of the Imperial Painting Academy.
	www.metmuseum.org /toah/hd/nsong/hd_nsong.htm (653 words)

	Mausoleum of the Northern Song Dynasty Emperors - Nine Emperors Of The Northern Song Were Buried Here Along With 22 ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The Imperial Tombs of the Northern Song Dynasty.
		Nine emperors of the Northern Song were buried here along with 22 empresses and more than 1000 members of the imperial family.
		There are 9 emperors in the Northern Song Dynasty, except for that the Emperors Hui and Qin captured by Jin troops died in Mobei, their tombs cannot be found clearly, the other 7 emperors and Zhao Hongyin (the first emperor, Taizu's father) were buried here, so it is called "7 Emperors, but 8 Tombs".
	chinatravelz.com /china/Henan/Zhengzhou/beisonghuangling/index.asp (382 words)

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