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Topic: Northern Wars

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List of Swedish wars

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Treaty of Stockholm (Great Northern War)

Second War against Napoleon

Great Northern War

Swedish War against England

Ingrian War

Swedish War of Liberation

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Union between Sweden and Norway

	Great Northern War - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The Great Northern War was the war fought between a coalition of Russia, Denmark-Norway and Saxony-Poland (from 1715 also Prussia and Hanover) on one side and Sweden on the other side from 1700 to 1721.
		However, Sweden was unable to support and maintain her army when the war was prolonged and the costs of warfare could not be passed to occupied countries.
		Denmark was defeated in the summer of 1700 in what was to be the first major battle of the war, and so badly beaten that she could not participate in the war for a number of years.
	www.sterlingheights.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Great_Northern_War (855 words)

	History in Focus: War - review of The Northern Wars
		Therefore, the Northern wars are of great importance for anybody interested in the processes of European state formation, the development of the European state system, or those changes in the ways of war which are often labelled 'The Military Revolution'.
		The Swedish-Russian and Swedish-Prussian wars during the eighteenth century were indeed very different from the wars of the previous centuries.
		It works fine to treat the Danish-Swedish wars as a kind of side-show — even if this side-show had its own roots in the breakdown of the medieval Nordic union, and the fighting was on a scale equal to that on the main theatre.
	www.history.ac.uk /ihr/Focus/War/reviews/revlindGunner.html (1184 words)

	Famous Historic Battles
		A civil war in England, an English coalition with France, an attack by Louis, and James choosing a Catholic as the successor to the throne instead of William's wife Mary, were all possibilities that spurred William and his forces to proceed into England and land in Devon on 5 November, 1688 (Maguire 37).
		The war turned in 1758, first with the capture of Louisburg and then Fort Ticonderoga, followed on 13 September 1759 by the Battle of the Plains of Abraham (Canada), in which General de Montcalm was killed and by the fall of Quebec on 18 September.
		War of the First Coalition (1793-97) This was part of the struggle which followed the French revolutionary wars, with the great dynastic powers of Europe trying to reverse the outcome of the revolution and restore the French monarchy.
	www.mystical-sites.stevenredhead.com /Warriors/battles3.html (11338 words)

	History in Focus: War - Response to review of The Northern Wars
		The emergent Prussian military state was heavily influenced by the Northern Wars; it was not forged by them.
		Muscovy was still primarily committed to the southern frontier, where Astrakhan did not fall until 1556, and the Northern Wars were really begun by the unexpected collapse of Livonian resistance to the Muscovite attacks in 1558-61 and Muscovy's failure to secure its conquests.
		If I did not deal at length with the roots of the Danish-Swedish wars in the breakdown of the Kalmar Union, this was because I was not primarily interested in origins, but impact: there is a similarly sketchy account of the background to the wars between Muscovy and Poland-Lithuania.
	www.history.ac.uk /ihr/Focus/War/reviews/respfrostRobert.html (966 words)

	List of wars - Simple English Wikipedia
		1478 - War between the Principality of Moscow and the Republic of Novgorod.
		1532 - 1546 Ottoman-Habsburg War in the Mediterranean
		1918 Finnish Civil War, fought between "the reds" (rebellious Socialists) and "the whites" (anti-Socialists) in the aftermath of the Russian Revolution of 1917.
	simple.wikipedia.org /wiki/List_of_wars (1584 words)

	Articles - Polish-Swedish War (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The Polish-Swedish Wars refer to a series of wars between Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and Sweden, in the wider meaning to the series of wars in which both Sweden and Poland participated between 1563 and 1721, in the narrower meaning to denote the two wars between 1600 and 1629.
		The earliest of those conflicts in the 16th century is sometimes referred to as the Livonian War (1558-1583), the next are the wars of 1600-1629 which were twice interrupted by periods of truce and can be divided into the Polish-Sweden War of 1600-1611, Polish-Sweden War of 1620-1622 and the Polish-Sweden War of 1625-1629.
		Having singed the Treaty of Stolbovo ending their Ingrian War with Muscovy in 1617 the Swedes, led by king Gustav II Adolf (Gustavus Adoplhus), who was hailed as saviour of Protestant Europe, turned their attention to the Commonwealth again.
	www.kimia-sains.com /articles/Polish-Swedish_War (3048 words)

	AllRefer.com - Northern War (Wars And Battles) - Encyclopedia
		Northern War, 1700–1721, general European conflict, fought in N and E Europe at the same time that the War of the Spanish Succession was fought in the west and the south.
		It arose chiefly from the desire of the neighbors of Sweden to break Swedish supremacy in the Baltic area, and from the conflicting ambitions of Peter I of Russia and Charles XII of Sweden.
		Although there was no direct link between the Northern War and the War of the Spanish Succession, Sweden generally received the diplomatic support of France, and England supported Russia early in the war, but withdrew support later.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/N/NrthrnWr.html (222 words)

	Northern Wars - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Northern Wars (1655-1661) (Polish: Druga Wojna Północna, Second Northern War) is a name sometimes used for the series of conflicts between Sweden and its adversaries Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (The Deluge, 1655-1660), Russia (1656-1661), Brandenburg-Prussia (1657-1660), the Holy Roman Empire (1657-60) and Denmark (1657-1658, 1658-1660).
		The same wars are sometimes referred differently in other countries: for example in Poland The Deluge sometimes is a name for the series of wars against Sweden, Brandenburg, Russia, Siebenbürgen and Cossacks.
		In these conflicts England was consistently an ally of Sweden whereas the Republic of the Seven United Netherlands often intervened against the Swedes.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Northern_Wars (195 words)

	MOST Ethno-Net publication: Africa at Crossroads
		For instance, the 1940 war was dubbed the “cow war” while the 1946 one came to be known as the “fish war”, because the instigating factors were quarrels over a cow and the rights to fish in a river.
		If war is the answer to keeping the “grungnas” out of chieftaincy and in their place of inferiority, so be it, as long as it preserves the pride of place of the Dagomba.
		In the particular case of the Northern Region of Ghana, the Konkombas, for instance attributed their loss of land at the hands of the I. R Alhassan Committee to the fact that the membership of the Committee was stacked with ethnic groups hostile to their cause.
	www.ethnonet-africa.org /pubs/pappul.htm (13829 words)

	Boston.com / News / World / Africa / Victims of other Sudan wars neglected (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		McNamara recently returned from a trip to northern Uganda, where more than 1.6 million people have fled their homes because of an 18-year-old civil war between government forces and the rebel Lord's Resistance Army.
		While diplomats have focused on ending the fighting in Darfur in western Sudan, little is being said about the wars in northern Uganda and southern Sudan, which are both also linked to the Sudanese government, McNamara said.
		The southern war has left more than 2.5 million people dead, mostly from hunger and disease, and has driven more than 4 million people from their homes.
	www.boston.com /news/world/africa/articles/2004/09/03/victims_of_other_sudan_wars_neglected (822 words)

	Northern Wars
		The Great Northern War (and the Russo-Turkish War, 1710-11, a part of the Great Northern War) was the war fought between a coalition of Russia, Denmark-Norway and Saxony-Poland (from 1715 also Prussia and Hanover) on one side and Sweden on the other side from 1700 to 1721.
		Russia was next, and suffered a crushing defeat in the Battle of Narva in November, and was also knocked out of the war for years.
		When the campaign started again in spring 1/3rd of his force had been lost, and he was badly defeated by Peter in the Battle of Poltava, eventually fleeing to the Ottoman Empire and spending five years in exile.
	www.geocities.com /ancasta1/northern_wars.htm (1083 words)

	World Almanac for Kids
		Civil war erupted again, this time between the weak but charming Conrad III and the Welf dukes Henry the Proud and his son Henry the Lion.
		Civil war then raged until the Wittelsbach candidate for the throne, Louis the Bavarian, defeated his Habsburg rival at the Battle of Mühldorf in 1322.
		Albert II died in the midst of civil war in Bohemia and an Ottoman invasion of Hungary.
	www.worldalmanacforkids.com /explore/nations/germany.html (9265 words)

	Books : The Northern Wars : War, State and Society in Northeastern Europe, 1558 - 1721 (Modern Wars in Perspective) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The Northern Wars provides an accessible analysis of the neglected but highly important series of wars fought between 1558 and 1721 for control of the Baltic and for hegemony in northeastern Europe.
		Comparative in nature The Northern Wars examines the impact of the war on the very different social and political systems of Sweden, Denmark, Poland-Lithuania and Russia and explains why Russia emerged victorious from the wars.
		Robert I. Frost argues that the conditions and demands of war in northeastern Europe were different than those of western Europe and challenges the assumption that warfare in eastern Europe was resistant to change.
	www.theiai.com /0582064295/The_Northern_Wars__War_State_and_Society_in_Northeastern_Europe_1558-1721_Modern_Wars_in_Perspective.shtml (423 words)

	The northern maori wars
		A look at the Northern Maori Wars and the roles of Maori leaders Hone Heke and Kawiti in the resistance against the British.
		By the early 1840’s tensions between native Maori and the ever increasing number of white ‘invaders’ to the northern part of New Zealand were reaching boiling point.
		The war with the British was to run simultaneously with the tribal war.
	ks.essortment.com /maorihonehkek_rnkd.htm (933 words)

	RESISTANCE WARS -- Political, Social, Cultural, Historical Analysis Of China
		In 1930, Chiang Kai-shek engaged himself in the bloody War Of The Central Plains.
		Wang Jingwei was commented to have stopped advocating for war with Japan after generals at Gubeikou informed him that Japanese cannons and firepower could reach Chinese soldiers while Chinese weapons did not even have the range to hit Japanese positions.
		During the coming Second Sino-Japanese War, Russians engaged with Japanese in three border wars, at Zhanggufeng on July 18th 1938, at Nuomenhan on May 11th 1939, and at Suifen-he River area on March 28th 1941, culminating in the Russo-Japanese Neutrality Pact on April 13th 1941.
	www.uglychinese.org /war.htm (12986 words)

	Religiously based civil unrest and warfare
		In Northern Ireland, "the troubles" are partly rooted in Catholic/Protestant differences, partly in political allegiances, and probably partly in hatreds that go back so far that the exact reason is lost in the mists of time.
		The Northern Alliance of rebel Afghans, Britain and the U.S. attacked the Taliban and Al Quada, establishing a new regime in the country.
		Tamils (a mainly Hindu 18% minority) are involved in a war for independence since 1983 with the rest of the country (70% Buddhist).
	www.religioustolerance.org /curr_war.htm (1583 words)

	Tamil Nadu and Kashmir Wars (India - Pakistan at Kargil, 1999)
		We are not just talking about the recent Kargil war, there were dozens of other minor incursions in the past and the Indian government acted immediately with all the force necessary.
		The mighty Indian Navy, which was praised for being alert to the Pakistani Navy during the Kargil war, would not come to the aid of the Tamil Nadu fishermen and enforce the terms of the 1974 India-Sri Lanka agreement on Kachchativu.
		Though these soldiers and officers were fighting a far-off war in Kasmir, they are our own, they are our flesh and blood, they are Tamils; we stand by them and their families in their time of need.
	www.geocities.com /tamiltribune/99/0902.html (4144 words)

	Index of Major Wars
		War of the Quadruple Alliance (2 Aug 1718 - 17 Feb 1720)
		Paraguay War, "War of the Tripple Alliance" (1864 - 1870)
		War of the Pacific, "Nitrate War" (1879 - 1883)
	www.worldstatesmen.org /WARS.html (347 words)

	www.Forum49.org :: View topic - TIF as weapon in border wars
		The ugly of the Illinois TIF experience includes those uses of the TIF as weapons in interregional and especially intraregional development wars such that the net public economic gains are zero or negligible, with significant public costs incurred under TIF financing.
		While technically TIF is not intended to be used to finance relocation of firms from one jurisdiction to another, in point of fact TIF is often used in border wars that occur over the location and relocation of firms.
		A TIF is weapon in border wars that is difficult to decommission:
	www.forum49.org /phpbb/viewtopic.php?t=57 (592 words)

	History of Belarus (Great Litva)
		By the end of Second Northern War the region of Prussia, Poland and GDL (Belarus and all Baltic states) was so demolished that for about 100 years culture and civilization was pretty much suspended here.
		In Belarus only 40% of agricultural lands were cultivated because more 30% of population perished in Northern War, only one generation apart from Russian War, that killed more than 50% of population.
		Belarusian Nazi during the World War II and their work for the Cold War based on "Belarus Secret" by John Loftus.
	www.belarusguide.com /as/history/history.html (2509 words)

	E-Database of Social Studies, December, 1993
		A majority of 10 students agreed that the war in Northern Ireland is worth fighting.
		A majority of 14 students knew that Belfast is the capital of Northern Ireland.
		A majority of 7 students knew that the two religions at war are Catholics and Protestants.
	youth.net /nsrc/social/social.004.html (1520 words)

	Kawiti and the Northern War
		Kawiti was an old and respected chief amongst his tribe by the start of the wars 1845.
		It was in these battles that Kawiti learnt the power of the musket and the complete inadequacy of traditional pa in the face of a musket armed enemy.
		After the wars northern chiefs continued to exercise substantial sovereignty over their people up to and well after the death of Heke and Kawiti.
	www.historyorb.com /nz/kawiti.shtml (808 words)

	Outpost #31 - Fan Fiction - Thing Wars \| Northern Encounter
		No doubt they were doing their part for the war effort, in a nice warm lab down in North Bay.
		It was definitely not the kind of war Infernal Squad had trained for.
		The skies were clear of life, and nothing showed on the northern horizon as far as his battlegear could see.
	www.outpost31.com /vistar/stories/encounter.html (1188 words)

	H-France Reviews (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		And most curious of all, perhaps, Conner claims that historians of the French Reformation and civil wars have simply ignored southern France altogether, as they have tended to emphasize the court and the significant events of the wars in northern France.
		Conner attributes it to two principal causes: catholic propaganda during the religious wars fuelled by paranoia of Huguenot conspiracies to overthrow the French crown and several nineteenth-century historians, especially Jules Michelet, who linked Protestantism and republicanism in a larger liberal narrative of French history.
		It is especially good on analyzing the elite families who lived in and dominated Montauban during the religious wars, as well as their activities and interests as derived from the notarial records.
	www.uakron.edu /hfrance/reviews/holt2.html (1860 words)

	Amazon.com: Books: The Northern Wars : War, State and Society in Northeastern Europe, 1558 - 1721 (Modern Wars in ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The Wars of Louis XIV, 1667-1714 (Modern Wars in Perspective) by John A. Lynn
		He also places the northern wars in their temporal, historical and geographical context by commenting on the developments in Western Europe, the 30 years war, the wars of the protestant reformation, the expansion of the Ottoman Turks in the south of the region, the incursions by Tatars from the asian steppes etc.
		He analyses the impact of war on the societal makeup of the countries in the region.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0582064295?v=glance (1261 words)

	All Empires History Forum: The Wars for the Baltic 1600 to 1721 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		As it is a part of polish history we got in Poland lots of books about all the northern wars since the first in the half of the 16th century till the great northern war.
		After all the Great Northern War is one of the most important subjects in Finnish history.
		Great Northern War battle at Narva was Nov. or Dec., 1700...not sure of the date.
	www.allempires.com /forum/forum_posts.asp?TID=1903&PN=1 (1447 words)

	Swedish History - Charles XII and the northern wars (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		He was interested in hunting and therefore he found it exciting with wars.
		But they changed their minds and instead they continued the war against Poland, which gave Russia the opportunity to capture the Swedish lands in the Baltic states.
		In 1704 they conquered Warsaw and 2 years later the war was over and a peace treaty was signed in Altranstädt.
	www.utb.boras.se /uk/se/projekt/history/articles/decline/decline2.htm (545 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Once and for all, abide by the provisions of peace agreements signed by Sudan, Uganda and others to end the wars in northern Uganda and southern Sudan, securing the immediate release of all children and adolescents abducted by the LRA and the SPLA.
		Urgently call on the Governments of Uganda and Sudan, and LRA and SPLA to end the wars in northern Uganda and southern Sudan, and support the immediate release of all children and adolescents in captivity.
		Establish an education fund for war-affected adolescents in northern Uganda to support their higher education, and enable greater numbers of Ugandans and Sudanese refugees from northern Uganda to complete secondary school and university.
	www.forcedmigration.org /psychosocial/inventory/pwg012/pwg012-sect1-7.htm (1297 words)

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