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	Southern and Northern Dynasties - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Southern and Northern Dynasties (Chinese: 南北朝; pinyin: nánběicháo; 420-589) followed the Sixteen Kingdoms and preceded Sui Dynasty in China and was an age of civil war and disunity.
		During this period the process of sinicization accelerated among the non-Chinese arrivals in the north and among the aboriginal tribesmen in the south.
		A strong navy on the Yangtze River could protect the south from the north, since cavalry was useless in the riverlands.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Southern_and_Northern_Dynasties (330 words)

	Northern Wei - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Northern Wei Dynasty (北魏, pinyin: běi wèi, 386-534) is most noted for the unification of northern China in 440, it was also heavily involved in funding the arts and many antiques and art works from this period have survived.
		Early in Northern Wei history, the state inherited a number of traditions from its initial history as a Xianbei tribe, and some of the more unusual ones, from a traditional Chinese standpoint:
		As sinicization of the Northern Wei state progressed, these customs and traditions were gradually abandoned.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Northern_Wei_Dynasty (465 words)

	China - Printer-friendly - ninemsn Encarta
		The last Shang monarch, a cruel and debauched tyrant, was overthrown by a vigorous king of Zhou (Chou), a state in the valley of the River Wei on the north-western fringes of the Shang domain.
		The culture of Zhou was a blend of the basic elements of Shang civilization and certain of the martial traditions characteristic of the non-Chinese peoples to the north and west.
		The Zhou kings were able to maintain control over their domain until 770 bc, when several of the states rebelled and, together with non-Chinese forces, routed the Zhou from their capital near the site of present-day Xi’an.
	au.encarta.msn.com /text_761573055___56/China.html (13014 words)

	Timeline
		With the transfer of the capital to Yin during the reign of the 19th ruler, a period of stability was established and the capital remained at Yin until the end of the dynasty.
		In BC 771 the Zhou court was sacked, and its king was killed by invading barbarians.
		Overthrown by usurpers, the Eastern Wei became the Northern Qi, and the Western Wei became the Northern Zhou.
	www15.brinkster.com /orientalempire/timeline1.htm (1697 words)

	Dynasty Warriors 4 Zhou Yu FAQ - IGN FAQs
		Zhou Yu declared that with 30,000 troops he would be able to defeat Cao Cao.
		Zhou Yu's plan was to ally with Lui Bei, and stand against the might of Cao Cao's army.
		Zhou Yu found out from a fisherman that the winds would blow to the south east, and with this knowledge, Huang Gai was able to set most of Cao Cao's fleet on fire.
	faqs.ign.com /articles/400/400896p1.html (1197 words)

	Chinese History - Northern Dynasties å—æ (www.chinaknowledge.de)
		Northern Zhou å—å‘¨ (557-581) and Northern Qi å—é½ (550-577)
		After hundred and thirty years of foreign rule by various tribes over northern China, the period of the Sixteen Kingdoms ååå, the chieftains of the Tuoba æ“è· clan of the Xianbei é®®å‘ ethnicity were able to unite the northern part of China.
		The begin of their rule seemed to be the same than that of the previous only semi-civilized chieftains that called themselves emperor, made sporadic use of Chinese administration units and agencies, and brutally resettled the peasant population around their capitals to survive economically and fiscally.
	www.chinaknowledge.de /History/Division/beiwei.html (317 words)

	Origin of Turks and Uygur Turks
		Sijin was recorded to be red-faced and possess liuli [brown] eyes, and he would defeat Dengshuzi at Mount Beilaishan and drive Dengshuzi into Northern Zhou territories for asylum.
		In the third year of Northern Zhou Emperor Wendi (?), the Turks defeated the Tuyuhun in today's Qinghai-Gansu area.
		In AD 561, i.e., the first year of Baoding Era (Northern Zhou Emperor Wudi), the Turks under Sijin (Khan Muchu), with 100,000 strong army, joined Northern Zhou's Duke Sui (Yang Zhong) in attacking Northern Qi.
	www.findthelinks.com /history/Huns_Turks/early_Turkic_history.htm (2031 words)

	ancient coins of China - AD 221 to AD 590
		The Northern Zhou dynasty was established in AD 557 by the son (whose name we do not yet know) of a general who helped overthrow the Wei dynasty, and then overthrew the Western Wei which he had ruled through puppet emperors.
		The coinage of Northern Zhou is fairly simple, with three very distinctive issues from two emperors, all of which are fairly common, however none of them include a denomination and there is therefore a question as to what they were.
		In AD 581 the Northern Zhou Dynasty changed it's name to Sui, and embarked on a path of unification that concluded in AD 589 with the conquest of the Ch'en Dynasty in the South.
	www.calgarycoin.com /reference/china/china3.htm (6836 words)

	Flowers Will Bloom
		Over the next two centuries northern nomadic peoples completely overran northern China as a succession of dynastic founders established states of their own in the vain hope of taking for themselves the very empire they were defeating.
		China's large, dense, and mostly agrarian population gradually "swallowed" the northern invaders in a process not unlike that which followed the "barbarian" conquest of the Roman Empire.
		The northern nomads underwent a period of rapid cultural absorption as traditions of the steppe nomads blended with Chinese governmental and military traditions.
	www.koreanhistoryproject.org /Ket/C03/E0301.htm (3447 words)

	nomadik players
		Northern Wei split into Eastern and Western Wei Dynasties in AD At almost the same timeframe, the Turks rebelled against the Ruruans in AD 546-553, and they defeated the Ruruans and forced Ruruan khan into seeking refuge inside of Western Wei.
		Turks forced Northern Zhou into handing over the Ruruan khan whose royal family, numering in 3000, were slaughtered by Turks while still being deported inside the boundary of Northern Zhou.
		Northern Zhou, located to the west of China's central plains, used Han Chinese "intermarriage" strategy in marrying their princesses over to the Turks, with one princess re-married to successor Turk kings three more times.
	www.findthelinks.com /history/Huns_Turks/Nomadic_players.htm (3625 words)

	Zhou Dynasty -- Political, Social, Cultural, Historical Analysis Of China -- Research Into Origins Of Huns, Uygurs, ...
		Zhou people were conferred the title of 'Xi Bo' (Count of the West) by Shang Dynasty King Zhouwang as a buffer state against the Western nomads.
		Zhou King Pingwang moved eastward to Luoyi in 770 BC under the escort of Qin lord, and promised to Qin the land of Feng and Qishan should Qin defeat Quanrong and recover the territories.
		In the autumn of 636 BC, the brother of Zhou King Xiangwang, Shu-dai, hired the Di barbarians in attacking the Zhou court.
	www.uglychinese.org /zhou.htm (13805 words)

	Chinese History
		The Zhou were able to maintain peace and stability through the hegemony system for a few hundred years; then in 771 BC, the capital was sacked by barbarians from the west.
		After the capital was sacked by barbarians from the west, the Zhou moved east, thus neatly dividing the Zhou dynasty into eastern and western periods.
		The northern half of China was conquered by barbarians, forcing the dynasty to abandon a northern capital in the early 1100's.
	www.chinatour.com /countryinfo/history.htm (5732 words)

	Style and Artistry of Dunhuang Art
		During the Northern Zhou, Yu Yi, the Duke of Jianping, succeeded Yuan Rong as provincial Governor of Guazhou.
		Although the political power of the Northern Zhou was brief, quite a number of caves were cut during this period while story paintings reached new heights.
		It was primarily due to the close ties between the Zhou Emperor Wu and the foreign nationalities in the western and northern neighbourhood of the country.
	www.ignca.nic.in /ks_19009.htm (2821 words)

	DAOIST CENTER: Outer History of China (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Nonetheless, Zhou was at the center, and this centrality gave rise to the idea of 'The Middle Kingdom.' Eventually, the capital was sacked by outsiders from the West.
		The Eastern Zhou was a time of shrinking control, due the continued invasion of the outsiders who had conquered Western Zhou.
		With the conquering of the Zhou dynasty by the state of Qin, feudalism was replaced by centralized, authoritarian power.
	home.comcast.net /~piannone/o-s/ch-outerhist.html (5387 words)

	AncientChina.htm
		Zhou dynasty lasted for 700 years and produced great works in arts, philosophy and astronomy.
		By 221 BCE, Zhou dynasty was weakened and Qin (Chin) Kingdom of Wei river valley took control away from Zhou dynasty rulers and started Qin dynasty.
		Han dynasty was weakened by internal conflict and external invasions by Tartars in the north.
	worldcoincatalog.com /AC/C1/China/AncientChina/AncientChina.htm (302 words)

	War between Northern Qi and Northern Zhou - China History Forum, chinese history forum
		Northern Qi came into existence from the evolution of eastern Wei.
		In 576, Emperor Zhou Wudi (Yuwen Yong 宇文邕) of northern Zhou led an army pf 80,000 to attack Northern Qi.
		The NZA broke the eastern city gate of Jinyang and caught Gao Yanzong (高延宗), prince of Ande of Northern Qi, who was guarding the city, which finally fell into the hands of NZA.
	www.chinahistoryforum.com /index.php?showtopic=757 (609 words)

	history4
		People looked forward to a unified country but no emperor in the Northern Zhou or the Southern Chen was able to accomplish this.
		Yang Jian, a born aristocrat of the Northern Zhou, was Emperor Xuan's Chancellor of Military Affairs.
		After his suppression of the separatist forces in Henan, Hubei and Sichuan, he cleared away the Yuwen's royal families, overthrew the Northern Zhou, declared himself emperor in the first year of Dading (581) and named his empire the Sui.
	acc6.its.brooklyn.cuny.edu /~hzhuo/tang.html (565 words)

	Silkroad Foundation \| Dunhuang Studies
		Dunhuang was conquered by the Northern Liang ruler Zhuju Mengsun.
		The Northern Wei forces destroyed the Northern Liang and became the new ruler of Dunhuang.
		Wan Dugui, a Northern Wei general, led his troops to Dunhuang and continued their march into the Western Regions.
	www.silk-road.com /dunhuang/dhhistory.html (2653 words)

	americanos :: TURKS & UYGURS -
		The Turkish website said proudly that their ancestors comprised of Huns and the White Huns, and the Uygur nationalists had further provided two lineages of eastern and western Hunnic kings to support their claim of Hunnic heritage, in direct competition with the Mongols who celebrated the 2000th anniversary of first Hunnic empire in 1991.
		After the fall of Tang Dynasty (AD 619-907), three dynasties among the Five Dynasties of northern China, i.e., Posterior Tang 923-936, Posterior Jin 936-946, Posterior Han 947-950, were ruled by the Shatuo (Sha'to) Turks.
		Northern Qi and Northern Zhou replaced the two Toba dynasties.
	americanos.blogharbor.com /blog/_archives/2005/10/9/1289393.html (5803 words)

	Zhou Dynasty - Search Results - MSN Encarta (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Zhou Dynasty, also Chou dynasty, early Chinese dynasty founded by a seminomadic clan from the north-west.
		Northern and Southern Dynasties (317-589), period in Chinese history between the Han dynasty and Sui dynasty, which featured prolonged division...
		Later Zhou Dynasty: Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms
	uk.encarta.msn.com /Zhou_Dynasty.html (114 words)

	The Wall of Northern and Southern Dynasty \| Great Wall of China History
		During the short period of reign, the dynasty area was frequently invaded by northern nomadic peoples such as the Rouran, Turkic, and Qidan, and was threatened by Western Wei and Northern Zhou.
		By defeating the Western Wei, the Northern Zhou Dynasty was established in 557.
		At its height, it defeated the Northern Qi in 577 and unified the north of China.
	www.chinahighlights.com /greatwall/history/northern_wall.htm (882 words)

	Wikinfo \| Capital of China
		Datong was the capital during Northern Wei Dynasty before moving to Luoyang in 493 AD.
		Republic of China after the Northern Expedition until the Japanese invasion in 1937 of WWII, and after the war until Chiang Kai-Shek retreated to Taiwan in 1949.
		Ye was the capital of Eastern Wei Dynasty and Northern Qi Dynasty.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=Capital_of_China (556 words)

	Chinese History - Northern Dynasties å—æ - Northern Zhou å—å‘¨ (www.chinaknowledge.de)
		Tai and his son controlled the descendents of the Northern Wei (Beiwei å—é) rulers that had fled to Chang'an é•·å® (modern Xi'an) during the period of political disorder in the 530ies.
		In 557 Yuwen Jue deposed the weak emperor of this Western Wei Dynasty (Xiwei è¥¿é) and made himself emperor of Northern Zhou (Beizhou å—å‘¨).
		The better economical conditions and the higher military potential of the central government allowed the Northern Zhou state to conquer the neighboring Northern Qi (Beiqi å—é½) and to reunite northern China in 577.
	www.chinaknowledge.de /History/Division/beizhou-rulers.html (424 words)

	The stirrup and its effect on chinese military history
		The Tuoba state of Northern Wei had broken apart, and the intensity of the conflict may have been fueled by the fact that each side put forth its own Tuoba prince as the legitimate claimant of the Wei throne.
		The next step, taken in 574, no doubt in preparation for the conquest of Northern Qi, was active recruitment of Chinese; those who enlisted had their names removed from the district rolls so as to exempt them from taxes and corv~e.
		The problem for the Northern Zhou rulers, however, was that as they permitted the Chinese greater participation in the military, they were allowing their hold on the state to slip away.
	www.silk-road.com /artl/stirrup.shtml (6088 words)

	Chapter 1
		(T/F) Zhou feudalism was different from medieval European feudalism mainly for its appeal to bonds of ________ rather than to contractual agreements.
		Whereas China during the early Western Zhou constituted a unified empire, during the Eastern Zhou it is better thought of as a ________ system.
		In 494 the Northern Wei moved their capital to _______, which had earlier been the capital of ___________.
	faculty.washington.edu /ebrey/review1.htm (1239 words)

	Shaolin development (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		To be exact, during the Northern Dynasty the Shaolin Temple lasted for over 80 years from the time Ba Tuo established it, until the time Buddhism was forbidden by Emperor Wu Di of the Northern Zhou Dynasty.
		Third, the development of religion in the Northern Zhou Dynasty turned out to be in sharp contradicition with the political and economic interests of the imperial family.
		Finally, the Zhou Emperor in 574 AD gave the edict to forbid Buddhism and Taoism throughout the country.
	www.russbo.com /shaolinhistory/shaolin_development.htm (988 words)

	ZoomInfo Web Summary: Jie Zhou (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Jie Zhou obtained her Ph.D. in Computer Science from Concordia University, Canada in 2000.
		Zhou's main research interests are pattern recognition and classification using neural networks, committee machines and their applications in the domains of document analysis and biomedicine.
		Zhou was a recipient of Fonds pour la Formation de Chercheurs et l'Aide a la Recherche and Northern Illinois University graduate school research grant.
	www.zoominfo.com /directory/Zhou_Jie_298743318.htm (148 words)

	Song Dynasty -- Political, Social, Cultural, Historical Analysis Of China
		For hundreds of years, the Song Dynasty, built on top of Northern Zhou (AD 951-960) of the Cai(1) family, would be engaged in the games of 'three kingdom' kind of warfares.
		Zhou Emperor Shizong intended to cross the river via camels, but Zhao Kuangyin simply jumped into the river to lead the way as an example for his soldiers.
		Zhou Shizong, seeing that the river was wide, ordered the building of the bridge and then left for Waqiao-guan Pass.
	www.uglychinese.org /song.htm (8530 words)

	JULIANO - Chinese Pictorial Space at the Cultural Crossroads - Transoxiana Eran ud Aneran
		The couches and sarcophagus were produced during a period in China that saw development of the pictorial arts, figure/landscape compositions, and the evolution of early Chinese landscape concepts that led to the eventual emergence of landscape as an independent genre.
		An evaluation of this mortuary material in the larger context of northern Chinese mortuary and Buddhist traditions, preserved in tombs, in cave temples, on steles and on mortuary furniture, allows critical questions to be addressed: Are the figural landscape compositions on these four couches and the sarcophagus fundamentally Chinese in their conception?
		During the Northern Zhou, the tomb occupant with the Shi family name had been appointed as a panshi (supervisor) of Liangzhou region, including the area from Wuwei to Pingliang in modern Gansu, to oversee the affairs of peoples coming from Sogdiana, Central Asia, and Western Asia into China.
	www.transoxiana.org /Eran/Articles/juliano.html (5922 words)

	Chronology of Zhuge Liang (Kongming)'s Life
		Cao Cao defeated the Governor of Bing Zhou, Gao Gan, and occupied Bing Zhou.
		Zhou Yu captured Jiang Ling and he was made the Prefect of Nan prefecture.
		Liu Bei occupied Yi Zhou and became the Governor of Yi Zhou.
	www.kongming.net /novel/chronology/zhugeliang.php (2663 words)

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