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Topic: Northern Elephant Seal

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	BBC - Science & Nature - Wildfacts - Northern elephant seal
		Male northern elephant seals are the second largest of all the pinnipeds (after the southern elephant seal).
		Northern elephant seals are restricted to the north east Pacific Ocean.
		The northern elephant seal was driven to near extinction due to hunting in the late 1800s.
	www.bbc.co.uk /nature/wildfacts/factfiles/165.shtml (284 words)

	Elephant Seal
		Origininally land animals, elephant seals have adapted to life in the sea by developing a thick layer of insulating fat, called blubber, that keeps them warm.
		The northern elephant seal is found along the west coast of North America and breeds off the California coast.
		The northern elephant seal was virtually wiped out by seal hunters at the end of the nineteenth century.
	www.angelfire.com /il/watermammals/elephantseal.html (370 words)

	Elephant Seal at Animal Corner
		The Northern Elephant Seal, Mirounga angustirostris, and the Southern Elephant Seal, Mirounga leonina were both hunted nearly to extinction by the end of the nineteenth century, but numbers have since recovered.
		The Elephant seal's nose is used in producing extraordinarily loud roaring noises, especially during the mating season.
		When this process is occurring, the seal is susceptible to the cold, and must rest and molt on land, in a safe place called a "haul-out." The type of molt which an elephant seal undergoes is a catastrophic molt.
	www.animalcorner.co.uk /marine/seals/seal_elephant.html (732 words)

	Pinnipeds of the Southern California Planning Area -- MMS Pacific Region
		Northern elephant seals have substantially recovered from near extinction by commercial sealers in the 19th century and have recolonized much of their former range.
		As of 1991, the northern elephant seal population was estimated at approximately 130,000 animals.
		Juveniles of both sexes and adult female elephant seals come ashore again to molt their hair and skin in late April and early May. Large males and a few juveniles come ashore for their annual molt in mid-summer, while yearling and some juvenile elephant seals are on land in autumn.
	www.mms.gov /omm/pacific/enviro/pinnipedssc.htm (1058 words)

	Northern Elephant Seal - Picture - MSN Encarta
		Northern Elephant Seal - Picture - MSN Encarta
		The male northern elephant seal has a large elephant-like proboscis, making it perhaps the most easily recognized of the 19 species of true seals.
		Territorial and polygamous, these male seals battle for females and for prime locations on their breeding beaches on the islands off of coastal southern California.
	encarta.msn.com /media_461526379/Northern_Elephant_Seal.html (73 words)

	Reference Library - RedOrbit (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Elephant seals get their name from their great size (the Southern Elephant Seal is the larger of the two species) and the fact that the adult males have a large proboscis, which is used in making extraordinarily loud roaring noises, especially during the mating season.
		Northern Elephant Seals were hunted almost to extinction in the 19th century.
		Northern elephant seals, especially juveniles, are preyed on by great white sharks and sometimes also by orcas.
	www.redorbit.com /education/reference_library?article_id=580 (679 words)

	Northern Elephant Seals
		Northern elephant seals breed from California down to Baja California, while the non-breeding population ranges from central North Pacific and Alaska.
		Elephant seals make one of the longest migration of any marine mammal, with females migrating a total of 11,000 miles in semi-annual trips to the North East Pacific and the males migrating for a total of 13,000 miles for their semi-annual trips to the Aleutian Islands.
		Elephant seals spend up to 90% of their lives underwater, about 5,000 miles offshore, and thus rarely seen at sea because they are constantly making deep dives for food.
	www.farallones.org /e_newsletter/2005-12/NorthernElephantSeals.htm (990 words)

	Monterey Bay Aquarium: Online Field Guide
		In contrast, eared seals (otariidae), like sea lions, have visible ears and hind flippers they can turn underneath their bodies for “walking.” Elephant seals’ enormous size and the males’ inflated proboscis—resembling a shortened elephant trunk—give these seals their common name.
		Hundred of thousands of northern elephant seals lived in the Pacific Ocean before hunters slaughtered them for their blubber, which was rendered into lamp oil.
		As a result, the population of northern elephant seals is about 160,000—an example of the importance of protective status and marine sanctuaries in the conservation of our oceans.
	www.mbayaq.org /efc/living_species/default.asp?hOri=1&inhab=405 (611 words)

	VIA Online: Año Nuevo: In Search of Elephant Seals
		Throughout the Northern Hemisphere, fewer than 30 breeding females and a male or two are thought to have escaped the blubber hunters of the 19th century.
		Elephant seals are diving machines, capable of foraging in waters a mile deep for 90 minutes at a time, then taking a quick breath and plummeting again.
		A harbor seal and her pup ducked and dove near the otters, keeping a wary eye on the beach, where flocks of fl turnstones, marbled godwits, and northern phalaropes skittered in the surf—just three of the 351 species of birds that frequent the reserve.
	www.viamagazine.com /top_stories/articles/schnoz04.asp (1733 words)

	MILSTEIN HALL OF OCEAN LIFE \| American Museum of Natural History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Elephant seals are awkward on land, but they are long-distance swimmers and expert divers.
		Female elephant seals endure a stressful time at the beach each year when they return to their rookeries to breed.
		Elephant seals can stay submerged for up to two hours and survive the crushing pressure at ocean depths of 1500 meters (nearly one mile).
	www.amnh.org /exhibitions/permanent/ocean/01_dioramas/h_elephantseal.php (576 words)

	Elephant Seals: History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Thought to be extinct in the northern hemisphere by the end of the 1800s, due to heavy predation by sealers for hundreds of years, a small group of northern elephant seals was discovered on Guadalupe Island (off Mexico) in the 1880s.
		In 2000 the population of southern elephant seals was probably close to 750,000.
		The elephant seal (both species) is a unique marine mammal in having its reproduction one of the most predictable, exciting, and easily viewed by humans.
	www.biosbcc.net /ocean/marinesci/05nekton/eshist.htm (1152 words)

	Northcoast Marine Mammal Center - Crescent City, California
		Northern elephant seals are found in the North Pacific, from Baja California, Mexico to the Gulf of Alaska and Aleutian Islands.
		Elephant seals molt each year between April and August, shedding not only their hair but also the upper layer of their skin as well.
		Today, the northern elephant seal population is over 150,000 and is probably near the size it was before they were over-hunted.
	www.northcoastmmc.org /northernelephantseal.html (594 words)

	Elephant seal - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Elephant seals are large, oceangoing mammals in the genus Mirounga, in the earless seal family (Phocidae).
		The Southern Elephant Seal is found in the southern hemisphere on islands such as South Georgia, Macquarie Island, and on the coasts of New Zealand, South Africa, and Argentina in the Peninsula Valdés, which is the fourth largest elephant seal colony in the world and the only growing population.
		Elephant seals take their name from the great size of their bodies and the large proboscis of the adult males (bulls).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Elephant_seal (562 words)

	Northern Elephant Seal - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Elephant seals derive their name from their great size and from the male's large proboscis, which is used in making extraordinarily loud roaring noises, especially during the mating competition.
		The Northern Elephant Seal lives in the Eastern Pacific Ocean, migrating as far north as Alaska and the shores of California and Baja California, where they come ashore to breed, give birth and molt, mostly on offshore islands.
		Beginning in the 1700s Northern elephant seals were hunted extensively almost to extinction by the end of the 19th century, being prized for oil that could be made from their blubber, and the population may have fallen as low as 100 to 1000.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Northern_Elephant_Seal (1355 words)

	Northern Elephant Seals (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Elephant seals were named because their large nose resembles an elephant's trunk.
		Northern elephant seals are second largest compared to southern elephant seals.
		Northern elephant seals are part of the true seal family.
	k-12.pisd.edu /Schools/mitchell/Sea_Life/Elephant_seals.htm (93 words)

	Wildlife in Canada's Southern and Northern Gulf Islands, British Columbia, Canada
		The Northern Elephant Seal lives in the Eastern Pacific Ocean, migrating between northern waters as far north as Alaska and the shores of California and Baja California, where they come ashore to breed, give birth and moult, mostly on offshore islands.
		Northern Elephant Seals were hunted almost to extinction in the 19th century (they were prized for the oil that could be made from their blubber), and it is thought that the population numbers may have fallen as low as 100-1,000, finding refuge in Mexican waters.
		Elephant seals can be observed at a number of preserves on the California coastline, for example the Año Nuevo State Park and the Point Reyes National Seashore.
	www.gulfislandsguide.com /wildlife/northern-elephant-seal.htm (563 words)

	nesnathistry.html
		Northern elephant seals were hunted to the brink of extinction between 1818 and 1860.
		Male elephant seals are at their peak of health at the beginning of the breeding season.
		While out at sea, the elephant seals are protected from the cold by the insulating quality of the fat layer, and they also receive water from breakdown of the tissue.
	www.sfgate.com /getoutside/1996/feb/nesnathistry.html (1548 words)

	Elephant Seals: Introduction (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The northern elephant seal is found primarily on islands along the coast of central and southern California (USA), the west coast of Baja California (Mexico) and a few mainland areas in this range.
		The southern elephant seal, the larger of the two species, is found primarily along the coast of Antarctica, the tip of South America and the islands in this area.
		Thus, the southern elephant seal is molting in December/January (the southern hemisphere summer) when the northern elephant seal is reproducing.
	www.biosbcc.net /ocean/marinesci/05nekton/esintro.htm (291 words)

	Elephant Seal Photos and Species Information
		Elephant Seal pups are fl in color and will triple their length the first month.
		The Elephant Seal makes an annual summer migration, up to 21,000 miles per year, from Mexican and California waters to Alaska and the Pacific Northwest where it spends 6 to 8 months at sea, diving continuously and being submerged 86 percent of the time.
		The Northern Elephant Seal is the largest pinniped of a group of several seals comprising the Phocidae Family.
	www.mexfish.com /fish/eseal/eseal.htm (354 words)

	SDNHM Clinton Gilbert Abbott
		The northern elephant seal (Mirounga angustirostris), on the verge of extinction in the early part of the twentieth century, is one of the more recognizable marine mammals.
		The northern elephant seal’s present day range spans from the Aleutian Islands off Alaska to the coast of Oregon, with breeding areas further to the south from the Santa Barbara Islands off the California coast to Cedros Island off the coast of Baja California.
		The northern elephant seal can be trumpeted as a prime example of a mammalian population recovery due to conservation efforts throughout the twentieth century.
	www.sdnhm.org /history/abbott/about_elephantseals.html (391 words)

	Elephant Seal -- Pictures, Animal Facts, Habitats, Video, Sound, Wallpaper -- National Geographic
		Northern elephant seal can be found in California and Baja California, though they prefer to frequent offshore islands rather than the North American mainland.
		Southern elephant seals live in sub-Antarctic and Antarctic waters that feature brutally cold conditions but are rich in the fish, squid, and other marine foods these seals enjoy.
		Elephant seals were aggressively hunted for their oil, and their numbers were once reduced to the brink of extinction.
	www3.nationalgeographic.com /animals/mammals/elephant-seal.html (425 words)

	NATURALLY SPEAKING: The Elephant Seal Archives
		Harbor seals live on the island all year and breed there in April and May. They can often be seen bobbing in the surf just off the reserve's beaches, with only their heads out of the water.
		Elephant Seals can also tell when they are swimming towards large, stationary objects by sensing their own waves bouncing back at them.
		Although the Northern Elephant Seal has no natural predators on land other than humans, the young pups often get caught in the middle of battles when an alpha male is protecting his harem from interlopers who hang around the boundaries of the harem, hoping for some action of their own.
	www.perlgurl.org /archives/photography/special_assignments/the_elephant_seal (7657 words)

	Fact Sheets > Northern Elephant Seal
		Northern elephant seals breed on offshore islands from northern California to central Mexico.
		Northern elephant seals are dark gray to brown.
		Northern elephant seal pups are fl at birth and may weigh up to 65 pounds.
	www.fact-sheets.com /science-nature/animals/elephant_seal (681 words)

	Natural History of the Northern Elephant Seal
		The elephant seal (both northern and southern) is a member of the pinniped family, a large order of marine mammals, which of course means they are warm blooded and breath air.
		The elephant seal is a member of the Phocid (pronounced "f-oh-sid") family.
		The Phocids are also known as "true seals" or "earless seals" and are thought to have evolved from an otter-like creature that returned to the sea about 25 million years ago.
	www.sideoff.com /eseals/seals/natural_history.html (823 words)

	Northern Elephant Seal, Phillip Colla Natural History Photography
		Elephant seals are the largest of pinnipeds, reaching 16 feet in length and 2.5 tons.
		Elephant seals were hunted heavily in the 1800's for their fatty blubber which was rendered into high quality oil for machinery, lamp oil and paint.
		Although Northern elephant seals are oceanic animals and as individuals spend the majority of their life at sea, as a population elephant seals utilize the Piedras Blancas colony nearly year round.
	www.oceanlight.com /html/northern_elephant_seal.html (1278 words)

	[No title]
		In the 1880's northern elephant seals were thought to be extinct, harvested by shore whalers and sealers for their blubber.
		The total population estimate for northern elephant seals in 2003 is around 150,000.
		The northern elephant seal is named for its size and the trunk-like snout of mature bull males.
	www.lycos.com /info/elephant--elephant-seals.html (566 words)

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