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Topic: Northern Krill

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	Krill -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Krill is the (A Scandinavian language that is spoken in Norway) Norwegian word for (Any of the larger cetacean mammals having a streamlined body and breathing through a blowhole on the head) whale (Any solid substance (as opposed to liquid) that is used as a source of nourishment) food.
		In the literal sense krill is used as (additional info and facts about common name) common name for the most spectacular species: the Antarctic Krill (Euphausia superba) of the (The region around the south pole: Antarctica and surrounding waters) Antarctic waters in the (additional info and facts about Southern Ocean) Southern Ocean.
		Krill is also called light-shrimp because it can produce a yellow green light with light-organs at the eyes and base of the swimming legs ((Luminescence produced by physiological processes (as in the firefly)) bioluminescence).
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/k/kr/krill.htm (778 words)

	Krill - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Northern krill occurs across the Atlantic, from the north to the Mediterranean Sea.
		Krill are crustaceans and have a chitinous exoskeleton made up of three segments: the cephalon (head), thorax, and the abdomen.
		Most krill are swarming animals; the size and density of such swarms vary greatly depending on the species and the region.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Krill (3344 words)

	Krill (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Krill are shrimp-like marine invertebrate animals and are important organisms of the zooplankton, particularly as food for baleen whales.
		Many krill are filter feeders: their frontmost extremities, the thoracopods (so named because they are attached to the thorax), form very fine combs with which they can filter out their food from the water.
		Krill has been harvested as a food source for both humans and their domesticated animals since the 19th century, in Japan maybe even earlier.
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/K/Krill.htm (2032 words)

	Project Abstract (MAS3-CT95-0013) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		As a first conclusion, krill populations are found in areas were seasonal feeding is facilitated by environmental conditions, particularly linked to the existence of frontal systems or generally, areas of enhanced advection.
		Krill showed a diel-rhythm in feeding activity that is believed to be an adaptation to minimising predation risk.
		Overall metabolism: in krill from different climatic regions metabolic rates, as measured by respiration and exemplified by the kinetic properties of a metabolic enzyme, are adjusted to maintain a constant metabolic level at the local prevailing ambient temperature.
	www.obs-vlfr.fr /PEP/proj_abst.htm (1084 words)

	[CINC] mystery krill killer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The exploding krill were first discovered during a research cruise off Newport, Oregon, in July 2000 by William Peterson, a fisheries oceanographer at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Hatfield Marine Science Center in Newport.
		The researchers determined the krill killer was of the genus Collinia but different than the parasite Collinia beringensis, which has been found to infect the krill Thysanoessa inermis in the Bering Sea.
		Krill form swarms to improve their ability to capture prey, find mates, and avoid predators such as whales, salmon, and other fish.
	rain.org /pipermail/sanctuary-naturalist-corps/2003-July/001820.html (905 words)

	Northern krill - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Northern krill (Meganyctiphanes norvegica) is a crustacean that lives in the North Atlantic Ocean.
		The Northern krill is the only species of the genus Meganyctiphanes.
		The stomach is colored intensly red from carotenoids, an indication that this euphausid feeds on copepods.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Northern_krill (101 words)

	krill research
		Antarctic krill is a strategically-important species in the Southern Ocean ecosystem, being the principal food item of many higher predators such as whales, seals, sea-birds and a major consumer of phytoplankton.
		Northern krill (Meganyctiphanes norvegica) are euphausiid crustaceans widely distributed around the North Atlantic from Canada to Scandinavia and from the Arctic to the Mediterranean.
		Northern krill (also known as Nordic krill or arctic krill) undertake extensive diurnal vertical migrations, moving into deep water during the daytime and into shallower water at night.
	www.le.ac.uk /biology/gat/krill.html (481 words)

	PEP - Papers
		ASM estimation of the northern krill daily and seasonal biomass distribution in the 3 PEP areas.
		Krill: a model for investigating the effects of ocean currents on the genetic structure of a pelagic organism.
		Buchholz, F., Saborowski, R. Metabolic and enzymatic adaptations in the northern and southern krill, Meganyctiphanes norvegica and Euphausia superba.
	www.obs-vlfr.fr /PEP/papers.htm (1114 words)

	Maria Thomasson (English) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The Northern krill, Meganyctiphanes norvegica, is the largest and one of the most common species in the Northeast Atlantic and the dominant one in Gullmarsfjorden, where it serves as a food source for predators like fish.
		However, the knowledge of krill migration behaviour in relation to different physical and chemical conditions in the water mass such as halo- and thermoclines, advection and variations in oxygen saturation, appears to be fairly limited and contradictory.
		The flux of krill between Gullmarsfjorden and different parts of the Northeast Atlantic will be investigated in order to reveal if the krill stock in the fjord represent a separate population and to determine to what extent krill are transported between different areas.
	www.marecol.gu.se /projengl/mariathomassonpen.html (383 words)

	Chapter 4 -- Harvest- and Population Data by Area
		Krill feed on algae under the ice but warmer temperatures over the last 50 years have meant there is less ice and fewer krill.
		Krill feed on phytoplankton and algae and are eaten by fish, squid, sea birds, whales, some seals and penguins.
		Population of krill, which eat plankton and are a food staple for whales and penguins, are now "a quarter" of populations in the mid-1980s (Japan's Asahi Shimbum 1/2/00).
	home.alltel.net /bsundquist1/fi4.html (7633 words)

	NEFSC Fish FAQ (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		They are the blue whale, the bowhead whale, the fin whale, the Humpback whale, the Northern Right Whale, the sei whale and the sperm whale.
		In the southern hemisphere its primary food is krill.
		In the northern hemisphere it eats schooling fish such as anchovies, cod, sand lance, and capelin.
	www.nefsc.noaa.gov /faq/fishfaq9.html (910 words)

	Jarl-Ove Strömberg (English) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Lactate dehydrogenase from northern krill Meganyctiphanes norvegica: comparison with LDH from the Antarctic krill Euphausia superba.
		Diel vertical migration and the haemocyanin of krill Meganyctiphanes norvegica.
		Life cycle stratergies of Northern krill (Meganyctiphanes norvegica) for regulating growth, moult, and reproductive activity in various environments: the case of fjordic populations.
	www.marecol.gu.se /projengl/jarlovestrombergpen.html (249 words)

	Marine Mammal Species Information
		In the northern hemisphere copepods are the primary prey, while krill are the primary prey in the southern hemisphere.
		There are two species of right whales: northern right whales, which are found in the North Atlantic and North Pacific ocean, and the southern right whale, which is only found in the southern hemisphere.
		In general, they are thought to be fairly abundant throughout the northern hemisphere, and depleted in the southern hemisphere.
	www.whalecenter.org /species.htm (3886 words)

	Crustacean (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		However good practice in describing crustaceans must clearly be to include descriptions at several taxonomic levels, to ensure that readers can link the information to others' schemes.
		Less formally, we can state that the most important groups of crustaceans are barnacle s (infraorder Cirripedia), branchiopod s, copepod s and Malacostraca (crab s, lobster s, shrimp s and krill).
		Impact of a Climatic Gradient on the Physiological Ecology of a Pelagic crustacean - a study of the functional marine biodiversity as a basis for understanding ecosystem structure, dynamics and resilience is focused on the Northern krill.
	www.serebella.com /encyclopedia/article-Crustacean.html (620 words)

	NRC Research Press: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
		Krill: a possible model for investigating the effects of ocean currents on the genetic structure of a pelagic invertebrate
		An optimisation model of the diel vertical migration of northern krill (Meganyctiphanes norvegica) in the Clyde Sea and the Kattegat
		Metabolic and enzymatic adaptations in northern krill, Meganyctiphanes norvegica, and Antarctic krill, Euphausia superba
	pubs.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca /cgi-bin/rp/rp2_tocs_e?cjfas_cjfasS3-00_57 (308 words)

	Krill Photos, Phillip Colla Natural History Photography
		It was photographed alive after being collected from a cloud of krill observed at the ocean surface near Islas Coronado (Mexico) in July 1999.
		Blue whales were in the area and surface feeding on other large krill swarms throughout the day.
		Along with Euphausia pacifica (no rostrum, spherical eye, no spines in the abdomen and a prominent spine in the lateral part of the caparace), Thysanoessa spinifera is the most important food item of the blue whale because of their relatively large size (adults to 1.5 - 3 cm) and their presence in huge swarms.
	www.oceanlight.com /html/krill.html (278 words)

	DOLPHIN DATA AS OF MARCH 7, 1997... Ian Hunt (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The endangered species listed are as follows: fin whale, humpback whale, northern right whale, sei whale and the sperm whale.
		They feed on large schools of crustaceans, specifically copepods and krill, but also feed on small fish near the ocean floor.
		Their populations limit themselves to the Northern Hemisphere, with their most dense populations residing in the Gulf of Maine and Nova Scotia in the Western Atlantic.
	members.aol.com /greenlite2/marmam.html (2374 words)

	THE INFLUENCE OF THE PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT ON KRILL BEHAVIOUR AND DISTRIBUTION, OBSERVED ON INDIVIDUAL AND POPULATION ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		During their diurnal vertical migration, Northern krill (Meganyctiphanes norvegica) may be subjected to strong variations of the physical/chemical properties of the water column, especially in a fjord environment.
		The water column is often stratified, and the migrating animals are subjected to sometimes strong differences in temperature, salinity, light intensities and oxygen condition.
		We will report on responses of males and females, of different reproductive and moulting stages of krill and of results from mimicking seasonal variations in temperature and light conditions.
	www.olympus.net /biz/IAPSO/abstracts/IG-01/IG01-48.htm (312 words)

	schedule (html) 17 may
		AI2 1145-1225:T.Patarnello Krill: a model for investigating the effects of ocean currents on the genetic structure of a pelagic organism.
		BI31130-1210 J Cuzin-Roudy Seasonal reproduction, multiple spawning and fecundity in Northern krill, Meganyctiphanes norvegica, and Antarctic krill, Euphausia superba.
		BC51630-1700 B Marinovic (YI) and M Mangel Shrinkage of krill (Euphausia pacifica) during a natural warming event associated with the 1997/98 El Niño and its implications for krill population dynamics and predators.
	people.ucsc.edu /~msmangel/sch19may.htm (1611 words)

	Journey North: Humpback and Northern Right Whale Updates
		All of the whales from the Caribbean may take this initial path, and then split up as they get farther north, with each of the feeding groups heading to their respective summer grounds (Gulf of Maine, Gulf of St. Lawrence, Newfoundland, Greenland, Iceland).
		For the trip south, after a long summer season gorging on fish and krill in northern waters, the whales may be making the migration without a "lunch break." By using a route that is out in the open ocean, they may have a more direct run to the Caribbean while avoiding the Gulf Stream.
		Scientists hope to affix some satellite tags on whales over the next few years to determine exactly what tracks they are taking north and south.
	www.learner.org /jnorth/www/critters/whale/827294029.html (838 words)

	Access May 2000 Acquisitions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The northern fur seal in horizontal plane direction of underwater and aerial auditory reception in the northern fur seal in horizontal plane.
		Air and underwater hearing of the northern fur seal audiograms and auditory frequency discrimination.
		Stable isotope assessment of temporal and geographic differences in feeding ecology of northern fur seals.
	nmml.afsc.noaa.gov /Accessibility/AccLibMay00Acquisitions.html (1934 words)

	July and August 2001 Acquisitions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Lipid metabolism of the Antarctic krill Euphausia superba and its ecological implications.
		On the food of northern krill Meganyctiphanes norvegica in relation to its vertical distribution.
		Discrimination of northern bluefin tuna from nursery areas in the Pacific Ocean using otolith chemistry.
	nmml.afsc.noaa.gov /library/acquisitions/JULAUG01.htm (3088 words)

	Personnel: Stuart Donachie
		In: Microbiology of Antarctic Marine Environments and Krill Intestine, its Decomposition and Digestive Enzymes.
		Proceedings of the National Institute of Polar Research Symposium on Polar Biology 9:111-124 Donachie S. P., Tupas L. M., Carrillo C. M., Karl D. M., Christian J. (in press) A cross site study of microbial ectoenzyme activities and regulation: Preliminary results from the Palmer LTER component.
		United States Antarctic Journal Donachie S. P., Zdanowski M. (in press) Potential digestive function of bacteria in krill Euphausia superba stomach.
	hahana.soest.hawaii.edu /lab/donachie.html (615 words)

	Northern Krill - Meganyctiphanes norwegica (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Status: alive in tank in laboratory of Antarctic Group @ Institut fuer Meereskunde Kiel
		Special: Feed predominantly on copepods, therefore the gut is red colored, in contrast to southern krill, Euphausia superba, feeding predominantly on phytoplankton, E.
		Euphausia superba, but only about half the size, gut red to yellow, filtering basket less developed, much less cetae on thoracopods and wider spaced, thoracopods and pleopods relatively shorter
	mywebpages.comcast.net /kils/meganyct.htm (118 words)

	Inter Research » MEPS » v190
		Temporal patterns in the surface abundance of Calanus finmarchicus and C.
		Vertical migration behaviour in the northern krill Meganyctiphanes norvegica is influenced by moult and reproductive processes
		Seasonal variation in ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD) activity in European eels Anguilla anguilla and flounders Pleuronectes flesus from the Severn Estuary and Bristol Channel
	www.int-res.com /abstracts/meps/v190/p89-112.html (531 words)

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