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	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: 1994 Northridge Earthquake
		This earthquake was considered moderate, with a moment magnitude of 6.7, but was the most monetarily costly quake in United States history.
		The first was the Mw 6.6 San Fernando (Sylmar) Earthquake, affecting the same area in 1971; the second was the Mw 6.9 (Richter magnitude 7.1), 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake south of San Francisco.
		Given that the Nisqually earthquake occurred 52 kilometers beneath the suface, someone at its epicenter would be at the same distance from the event as someone 45 kilometers away from the Northridge epicenter.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/1994-Northridge-Earthquake (709 words)

	FEMA For Kids: The Northridge Earthquake
		The fault responsible for the earthquake ran underneath the San Fernando Valley and had been unknown before the Northridge Earthquake.
		The Northridge Earthquake was the largest earthquake to hit a Southern Californian city since 1971.
		It was the 11th largest earthquake to be recorded in California since 1769.
	www.fema.gov /kids/north5.htm (191 words)

	Northridge Earthquake
		The Northridge earthquake was the worst earthquake in the Los Angeles basin since the San Fernando earthquake in 1971, which had a 6.7 magnitude.
		The number of fatalities in the Northridge earthquake was 57.
		Furthermore, the Northridge earthquake triggered landslides in the Santa Susana Mountains, Santa Monica Mountains, and western San Gabriel Mountains.
	www.vibrationdata.com /earthquakes/northridge.htm (336 words)

	Peninsulas Emergency Preparedness Committee - Earthquakes in the Pacific Northwest
		A comparison of this map with the shaking intensity map for the Northridge earthquake showed that the total area of potentially damaging shaking was fairly similar for the two events, but the area of high-intensity shaking for the Northridge earthquake was essentially absent for the Nisqually event.
		Ground shaking intensities were far greater at the epicenter and nearby areas of the Northridge earthquake because the source of the earthquake was but 11 miles below the earth's surface as opposed to the 33 mile depth of the Nisqually quake.
		Whereas the Northridge earthquake was followed by hundreds of smaller earthquakes, or aftershocks, within the first week, one week after the Nisqually earthquake only two aftershocks had been recorded.
	www.pep-c.org /earthquakes (1257 words)

	III - Earthquakes: Risk and Insurance Issues
		An earthquake is a sudden and rapid shaking of the earth caused by the breaking and shifting of rock beneath the earth’s surface.
		The Northridge earthquake, which struck Southern California on January 17, 1994, was the most costly quake in U.S. history, causing an estimated $20 billion in total property damage, including $12.5 billion in insured losses.
		Earthquake Risk in the Western United States: Although the entire Northwest of the United States is at high risk of earthquakes, nine of the most costly earthquakes in the last century occurred in California.
	www.iii.org /media/hottopics/insurance/earthquake (3866 words)

	Stress Triggering of the 1994 M=6.7 Northridge, California, Earthquake by its Predecessors
		The 17 January 1994 Northridge earthquake was the most costly shock in the history of the United States, underscoring the vulnerability of urban areas to earthquakes.
		This hypothesis is supported by the observation that aftershocks of the 1971 and 1994 earthquakes concentrate where the stresses are calculated to have risen, and aftershocks are sparse where the stresses are calculated to have dropped.
		Most aftershocks of the 1994 Northridge earthquake occurred in regions where the stress is calculated to increase by > 0.3 bars as a result of the fault slip; few aftershocks occurred where the stress is calculated to have dropped (Fig.
	quake.wr.usgs.gov /research/deformation/modeling/papers/northridge.html (3041 words)

	The January 17, 1994 Northridge, CA Earthquake
		The earthquake occurred on a thrust fault along the northern fringes of the valley.
		The near-record strong ground motion generated by the earthquake was an indication of the significant risk presented by thrust-fault events of moderate magnitude.
		While this is a major earthquake in terms of its damage, there is no indication that its occurrence has reduced the probability for a stronger earthquake in the next 30 years on a major fault in the Los Angeles region.
	www.lafire.com /famous_fires/940117_NorthridgeEarthquake/quake/01_EQE_exsummary.htm (2152 words)

	The Northridge Earthquake: Media Effects on Recovery
		Northridge, the site of the three most sensational building failures and the horrific loss of sixteen lives in one of these, appropriately commanded a great deal of media attention.
		After an earthquake, their greater education levels and sophistication in dealing with bureaucracy and paperwork are likelier to yield more timely and effective assistance from a variety of governmental and private sources.
		The "Northridge" earthquake: Timelines of emergency response, recovery, and reconstruction.
	www.csulb.edu /~rodrigue/scehc97.html (4210 words)

	Earthquake Museum-1994 Northridge Earthquake
		The 6.7 Magnitude Northridge Earthquake struck early in the early morning of January 17, 1994 at 4:31 AM.
		The Epicenter was in Northridge, California, a suburb of Los Angeles in the San Fernando Valley.
		Earthquake awareness in California was high following the 1971 San Fernando quake in this same area and the 1989 Loma Prieta quake in northern California.
	www.olympus.net /personal/gofamily/quake/famous/northridge.html (214 words)

	Performance of Masonry in Northridge Earthquake \| Portland Cement Association (PCA)
		The so-called Northridge Earthquake had a magnitude of 6.7 and peak ground accelerations of about 1.0 g, as strong as the acceleration of gravity.
		According to news accounts, the earthquake was responsible for more than 50 deaths (of which 22 were attributed to earthquake-induced heart attacks) and at least 5000 injuries.
		Within 12 hours of the earthquake, the TMS reconnaissance team had been selected, had been notified, and was in Los Angeles beginning their investigation.
	www.cement.org /masonry/pp_wind_northridge.asp (967 words)

	A Comparison of Nisqually and Northridge
		Yet Northridge, which had a magnitude 6.7, was the costliest disaster in U.S. history with an economic loss of $40 billion.
		Much of the difference in the total damage caused by the Nisqually and the Northridge earthquakes can be attributed to the Nisqually earthquake's location -- not that of its epicenter, but rather, the depth of its hypocenter.
		Previous large earthquakes at this depth in the subducting Juan de Fuca slab, in 1949 and 1965, were followed by very limited aftershock activity, so the Nisqually aftershock sequence, or lack thereof, is really quite typical.
	www.scec.org /instanet/01news/feature010313.html (1235 words)

	Northridge CA real estate - search listings
		Northridge, is located in the Northwest part of the San Fernando Valley, and is sheltered by the majestic Santa Susana Mountains.
		Northridge was the only San Fernando Valley station on the Southern Pacific Railroad line in the late 1800’s.
		California State University Northridge, originally established in the late 50's became a major University and now is one of the valley's largest employers.
	www.san-fernando-valley-real-estate.com /Northridge-real-estate.htm (350 words)

	1997 Northridge Earthquake Research Conf., Los Angeles, CA, - Chavez-Perez & Louie
		Earthquake hazard assessment in the San Fernando Valley, California, requires knowledge of the existence and geometry of blind thrust faults.
		The broad destruction caused by the 17 January 1994 Northridge earthquake on a thrust fault buried in the heavily-urbanized San Fernando Valley, California, emphasizes the need for better understanding of the structure and potential hazard of blind thrust fault systems.
		4a with Northridge main shock, A-quality aftershocks (magnitude 3 and greater) at all depths, and the thrust faults and mid-crustal detachment, proposed by Davis and Namson (1994), superimposed.
	www.seismo.unr.edu /htdocs/students/CHAVEZ/curee97/curee97.html (1633 words)

	Northridge earthquake - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Guinness Book of World Records rates the earthquake at a 7.5.
		Although several commercial buildings collapsed, loss of life was minimized because of the early morning hour of the quake, and it occurred on the birthdate (observed) of Martin Luther King, Jr., a federal holiday.
		Not only were they unable to serve their local neighborhoods, they had to transfer out their inpatient populations, which further increased the burden on nearby hospitals that were still operational.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Northridge_earthquake (632 words)

	The January 17, 1994 Northridge, CA Earthquake
		One of the major sources of URM damage and collapse in past earthquakes was the lack of adequate anchors between floors or roofs and walls, which allowed them to separate, causing the walls and/or floors to collapse.
		During the 1994 earthquake, ground accelerations recorded in the parking area a few meters away from the main building had peak values of 0.91g in the horizontal direction and 0.60g in the vertical direction.
		The earthquake severely impacted the campus; classes had been scheduled to begin on January 31 but were postponed two weeks for demolition, building inspection and repair, and construction of numerous temporary structures on the campus’ spacious lawns.
	www.lafire.com /famous_fires/940117_NorthridgeEarthquake/quake/03_EQE_commerical.htm (6100 words)

	PUBLIC ROADS On-Line (Summer 1994): The Northridge Earthquake: Progress Made, Lessons learned in Seismic-Resistant ...
		A major element in mitigating the effects of this earthquake was the efficiency and alacrity with which California's personnel and contractors responded to the emergency.
		The Northridge earthquake showed us that we are indeed on the right track with regard to the development of effective seismic-resistant highway bridge design and retrofit procedures and technology.
		The agency's commitment to mitigation of the highway-related effects of earthquakes was renewed with the establishment of a Seismic Research Program, mandated by the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 and conducted for FHWA by the National Center for Earthquake Engineering Research.
	www.tfhrc.gov /pubrds/summer94/p94su26.htm (3909 words)

	The Foundation For Taxpayer & Consumer Rights (FTCR)
		After the Northridge quake, the state created the California Earthquake Authority, a public agency that caps the risk of its members, which include State Farm Insurance, Allstate Insurance Co. and Farmers Insurance Group.
		Earthquake coverage now being offered in California has been scaled back and is more expensive.
		The Northridge earthquake also marked the near extinction of the homeowners' policies that guaranteed insurers would pay the full cost of replacing a home even if it far exceeded the amount of coverage purchased.
	www.consumerwatchdog.org /insurance/nw/?postId=1608&pageTitle=Fewer+carry+temblor+insurance+as+industry+changes+its+policies%3B (681 words)

	USC SGMRG - Northridge Research
		Earthquake Engineering-Strong Motion Research Group at USC was established in 1976 when Prof.
		The recordings are invaluable for studies of the fault mechanism, spatial distribution of ground shaking, nonlinear soil response and ground failure, and interpretation of damage to structures and lifelines.
		The USC group recently completed processing of selected Northridge aftershock data at strong motion stations to study whether some of the site effects observed in the ground motion of the main event were repeated during the stronger aftershocks.
	www.usc.edu /dept/civil_eng/Earthquake_eng/North_res (2671 words)

	northridge earthquake free essay, term paper and book report
		Northridge Earthquake The Northridge earthquake of January 17, 1994, a 6.7 on the Richter struck a modern urban area that was designed for seismic resistance.
		The earthquake severely tested building codes, earthquake-resistant construction and emergency preparation and response procedures.
		The experience confirmed many of the lessons learned from past earthquakes, exposed weaknesses in the society’s generally resilient fabric, and produced many surprises about the levels and consequences of strong ground shaking.
	www.freeessays123.com /essay9696/northridgeearthquake.html (358 words)

	Savage Earth: Learning From Quakes
		The 1994 Northridge earthquake in Southern California continues to drive research more than four years after the magnitude-6.7 earthquake, which killed 61 people and caused more than $40 billion in damage.
		The direct cause was a previously unknown fault nine miles beneath Northridge, a town in the San Fernando Valley.
		Though Northridge would normally be considered "moderate" on the earthquake magnitude scale, it did tremendous physical damage.
	www.pbs.org /wnet/savageearth/earthquakes/html/sidebar1.html (451 words)

	Earthquake - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Earthquakes occurring at boundaries of tectonic plates are called interplate earthquakes, while the less frequent events that occur in the interior of the lithospheric plates are called intraplate earthquakes.
		Earthquakes may also occur in volcanic regions and are caused by the movement of magma in volcanoes.
		Earthquakes have also been known to be caused by the removal of natural gas from subsurface deposits, for instance in the northern Netherlands.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Earthquake (3297 words)

	SCEDC \| Northridge Earthquake (1994)
		At 4:30 am, on January 17, 1994, residents of the greater Los Angeles area were rudely awakened by the strong shaking of the Northridge earthquake.
		This was the first earthquake to strike directly under an urban area of the United States since the 1933 Long Beach earthquake.
		The earthquake occurred on a blind thrust fault, and produced the strongest ground motions ever instrumentally recorded in an urban setting in North America.
	www.data.scec.org /chrono_index/northreq.html (185 words)

	EARTHQUAKE LESSONS
		One surprise result of the Northridge quake was the destruction of supposedly earthquake-resistant structures including steel-framed buildings and steel reinforced freeway overpasses.
		Earthquake specialists from the U.S., Italy and other countries are already en route to Kobe to study the damage to structures there.
		As bad as it was, the Northridge quake could have been worse, the scientists say, since the greatest amount of shaking in that quake was actually ten miles north of the epicenter in a less populated mountain area.
	www.accessexcellence.org /WN/SUA04/earthquake_lessons.html (695 words)

	The Northridge Earthquake
		In January, 1994, movement on a fault in the Los Angeles, California area caused the Northridge earthquake.
		The Northridge epicenter is marked on this map of known faults in the Los Angeles area.
		In this investigation, you'll examine data from the earthquake to decide which fault moved.
	www.classzone.com /books/earth_science/terc/content/investigations/es1010/es1010page01.cfm?chapter_no=investigation (145 words)

	Urban Legends Reference Pages: Legal (Shake's Peers 'n' Gov) (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Right after the Northridge earthquake in 1994, word was going around that the State of California coerced CalTech to declare the magnitude of the earthquake under 7.0.
		After the Northridge quake, a bogus fax on fake Caltech letterhead (misstated as "Cal Tech") was circulated throughout the Los Angeles area.
		Earthquake data is almost instantaneously shared among a number of organizations worldwide, and one group's under-reporting the magnitude would have been quickly picked up by the others.
	www.snopes.com /legal/fema.htm (1142 words)

	Northridge Earthquake- Preliminary summary report
		This report documents the actions taken by transportation agencies in response to the earthquake in Northridge, California on January 17, 1994, and is part of a larger effort to examine the impacts of catastrophic events on transportation system facilities and services.
		The highway destruction caused by the earthquake was a significant strain on auto-dependent Southern California.
		Among the agencies cooperating in response to the Northridge destruction was Caltrans.
	www.its.dot.gov /JPODOCS/REPTS_TE/13775.html (706 words)

	International Parking Design \| Northridge Earthquake (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The quake caused more damage than anticipated from a magnitude of 6.7, basically due to the vertical thrust characteristics of the quake and the fact that ground motion in certain areas was intensified by reflected seismic waves from the irregular configuration of the underlying bedrock.
		We concluded, therefore, that a greater number of column ties must be used, a change we initiated in projects in design or under construction immediately after the earthquake.
		As would be expected in a large earthquake, many of the damaged structures were on poor soil.
	www.ipd-global.com /northridge.html (358 words)

	Testing of Northridge Earthquake Failures
		Suggestions for testing light wood structures and components are presented based on failures caused by the Northridge earthquake of January 17, 1994, and other recent earthquakes in Southern California.
		The Northridge earthquake demonstrated that current practice in residential wood construction and design is relatively effective regarding life safety but much less effective to prevent loss of property.
		Observations after the Northridge earthquake and research on residential light wood structures conducted prior to it showed that some failures have probably been caused by missing or flawed seismic safety items (Schierle, 1993.
	www.usc.edu /dept/architecture/mbs/papers/struct/99_northridge/northridge99.html (1569 words)

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