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Topic: Northrop M2 F3

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	HyperTryke Lifting Body Concept Landyacht
		The flying wing was a natural outgrowth of John K. "Jack" Northrop’s lifelong concern for an aerodynamically clean design in which all unnecessary drag caused by protruding engine nacelles, fuselage, and vertical and horizontal tail surfaces would be eliminated.
		The minimum parasite drag coefficient for a flying wing is approximately half that of conventional aircraft.
		In flying wing configuration, data indicates that speeds of up to 70 mph in a 14 mph wind may be possible in ideal conditions.
	www.sevenravens.com /landsailing/hypertryke (1000 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Northrop M2-F3
		The Northrop M2-F3 was rebuilt from the M2-F2 at Northrop and redesignated the M2-F3 after the M2-F2 crashed at the Dryden Flight Research Center in 1967.
		NASA pilots said the M2-F2 had lateral control problems, so when the M2-F2 was rebuilt at Northrop and redesignated the M2-F3, it was modified with an additional third vertical fin -- centered between the tip fins -- to improve control characteristics.
		At first, it seemed that the vehicle had been irreparably damaged, but the original manufacturer, Northrop, did the repair work and returned the redesigned M2-F3 with a center fin for stability to the FRC.
	reference.com /browse/wiki/Northrop_M2-F3 (580 words)

	a-a Encyclopedia Index
		Northrop Field was the on campus stadium of the Minnesota Golden Gophers football team from 1899 to 1923.
		Northrop Mall is arguably the center of the Minneapolis campus at the University of Minnesota.
		The Northrop N-1M was an early flying wing aircraft, predecessor to the Northrop N-9M and Northrop YB-35.
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /encyclopedia/n/northome_unorganized_territory_minnesota-northsound_two.html (1149 words)

	The last of Jack Northrop's flying wings, the YRB-9A, flew in 1951.
		Northrop produced a total of 1,052 F-89s in all versions, securing Northrop a position as a major combat aircraft supplier for the Cold War era, even though for a time, they were Northrop's only production aircraft.
		So although Northrop had originally developed the design for the F/A-18 when it was still the YF-17, it became the major subcontractor on the project, producing the center and aft fuselage, twin vertical tails, and associated subsystems.
		In 1994, Northrop Grumman added the remaining 51 percent of Vought Aircraft Company, an aerostructure producer, to the 49 percent that Northrop had acquired in 1992, increasing its capabilities as a builder of aircraft structures.
	www.centennialofflight.gov /essay/Aerospace/Northrop_modern/Aero41.htm (1567 words)

	Helicopters, Experimentals, & Replicas (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Northrop N-1M flying wing demonstrator, Smithsonian NASM / 1583x873 217K / 2004
		Northrop M2-F3 lifting body, Smithsonian NASM / 1227x713 122K / 2004
		Northrop Tacit Blue and Boeing Bird of Prey, USAF Museum / 1407x868 123K / 2004
	www.vectorsite.net /gfxpxa9.html (626 words)

	Northrop M2-F2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		In 1957, NASA had investigated the problems associated with re-entry from space of missile nose cone.
		With the success of M2-F1 program, NASA signed contract to Northrop to build the M2-F2.
		Northrop disassembled the M2-F2 and repaired to service as the M2-F3.
	www.sandlehobbies.com /resinkits/anigrand/anig7215.html (208 words)

	Northrop
		However, labor difficulties led to the dissolution of the corporation by Douglas in 1937, and the plant became the El Segundo Division of Douglas Aircraft.
		Northrop still wanted his own company, and so in 1939 established the "Northrop Corporation" in nearby Hawthorne, California that lasted until 1994.
		The company was notable in the 1940s for experimentation with flying wings; although a number of designs were flight-tested, only the B-2 stealth bomber of the 1980s ever made it to production and deployment.
	www.pastywhitegirl.com /search/Northrop (436 words)

	Northrop Grumman - Sectors (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Northrop Aircraft, Inc., was founded in 1939 by Jack Northrop, a skilled and innovative designer.
		As Rear Admiral John S. McCain would note in 1942: "The name Grumman on a plane…[had] the same meaning to the Navy that 'sterling' [had] on silver." Grumman went on to build everything from canoes to delivery trucks…even the Lunar Module that first delivered men to the moon.
		Today, Northrop Grumman has assembled a portfolio of businesses that represent significant earnings power and will be key to U.S. military and commercial customer needs well into this century.
	careers.northropgrumman.com /ExternalHorizonsWeb/company_overview/overview_history.jsp (354 words)

	GPN-2000-000201 - HL-10 on Lakebed with B-52 flyby
		The HL-10 was one of five lifting body designs flown at NASA's Dryden Flight Research Center, Edwards, California, from July 1966 to November 1975 to study and validate the concept of safely maneuvering and landing a low lift-over-drag vehicle designed for reentry from space.
		Northrop Corporation built the HL-10 and M2-F2, the first two of the fleet of "heavy" lifting bodies flown by NASA.
		The contract for construction of the HL-10 and the M2-F2 was $1.8 million.
	grin.hq.nasa.gov /ABSTRACTS/GPN-2000-000201.html (308 words)

	NoticeToAirmen.com Forums - M2-F2 and "The Six-Million Dollar Man"
		The "Flying Bathtub" as it was nicknamed was designed by Northrop, and first flown on July 02, 1966.
		On it's first flight it was mated to and airdropped from a B-52 mothership, from an altitude of 45,000 feet.
		Both were built by Northrop at a cost of about $2,000,000 (U.S.) each and both also used off-the-shelf technologies such as F-104 landing gear.
	www.noticetoairmen.com /forums/printthread.php?t=44 (2334 words)

	1/72 scale Northrop M2-F2 NASA Lifting body
		With the success of M2-F1 program, NASA signed contract to Northrop to build the M2-F2.
		The following flights had been unqualified success until the 16th flight at Edwards AFB, a control accident took place on landing that resulted in crash and pilot injuries.
		Northrop disassembled the M2-F2 and repaired to service as the M2-F3.
	www.anigrand.com /AA2015_M2-F2.htm (241 words)

	Northrop
		Northrop Alpha 2 for TWA, converted to Alpha 4 [NC999Y] (E J Young coll)
		This time was compared to the [Boeing] XB-47, a shorter range deathtrap, which was not much improved by the B-47A that was not operationally accepted, and the -47Bs were not available operationally until, much modified, in late 1952.
		After a take-off accident on 12/9/35, the wreckage was sold to Jacqueline Cochran as a possible parts plane, but was instead rebuilt at the factory and received (2-535) approval in 1937, sold to McFadden Publications.
	aerofiles.com /_north.html (4732 words)

	[No title]
		Over the next 26 missions, the M2-F3's portion of the lifting body program neared an end, it evaluated a rate command augmentation control system, and a side-arm control stick similar to side-arm controllers now used on many modern aircraft.
		The M2-F3 is now on display in the National Air and Space Museum, Washington, D.C. The HL-10 was delivered to Ames-Dryden by Northrop in January 1966.
		Like the M2 vehicles, it was 22 feet long, but at 15 feet it was wider.
	www.anomalies.net /archive/Government-Invlovement/LIFTBODY.TXT (1575 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Lifting body
		The X-24A and X-24B were based on the M2 concept originated by Alfred Eggers in 1957 at NASA Ames Research Center (called the Ames Aeronautical Laboratory in 1957), Moffett Field, Mountain View, California.
		The HL-10 attempted to solve part of this problem by angling the port and starboard vertical stabilizers outward and enlarging the center one.
		This air flow problem caused the crash of the Northrop M2-F2 lifting body.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Lifting_body (852 words)

	NASA - Dryden History - Historic Aircraft - X-planes Overview 1960s and 1070s
		DFRC (M2-F1), Northrop (M2-F2), Northrop (M2-F3), Northrop (HL-10), Martin (X-24A), Martin (X-24-B).
		All flights of the M2-F2 were non-powered glide flights performed by dropping the aircraft from a modified wing pylon of a B-52 aircraft.
		NASA donated the aircraft to the Smithsonian Institute in December of 1973.
	www.nasa.gov /centers/dryden/history/HistoricAircraft/X-Planes/1960/index.html (619 words)

	Northrop LBEC
		Northrop, building on its work on the HL-10 and M2-F3 lifting bodies, proposed a lifting body three-crew lifeboat.
		In this Northrop proposal can be seen the same approach used in the X-38 a quarter of a century later.
		Kane, Francis X, IAA, "A Thirty Year Perspective on Manned Space Safety and Rescue: Where We've Been; Where We Are; Where We Are Going", IAA 84-270, 1984.
	www.astronautix.com /craft/norplbec.htm (162 words)

	[No title]
		A historical artifact belonging to the Smithsonian's National Air and Space Museum, the M2-F1 is located at Dryden.
		As the M2-F3's portion of the lifting body program neared an end, it evaluated a rate command augmentation control system, and a side-arm control stick similar to side-arm controllers now used on many modern aircraft.
		The M2-F3 is now on display in the National Air and Space Museum, Washington, D. The HL-10 was delivered to Dryden by Northrop in January 1966.
	www.anomalies.net /archive/Government-Invlovement/LIFTBOD.TXT (1680 words)

	The Ultimate Northrop HL-10 Dog Breeds Information Guide and Reference
		The Northrop HL-10 was one of five heavyweight lifting body designs flown at NASA's Flight Research Center (FRC--later Dryden Flight Research Center), Edwards, California, from July 1966 to November 1975 to study and validate the concept of safely maneuvering and landing a low lift-over-drag vehicle designed for reentry from space.
		It was a NASA design and was built to evaluate "inverted airfoil" lifting body and delta planform.
		Northrop Corporation built the HL-10 and Northrop M2-F2, the first two of the fleet of "heavy" lifting bodies flown by the NASA Flight Research Center.
	www.dogluvers.com /dog_breeds/HL-10 (679 words)

	NASA - Hoja Del Hecho de la NASA Dryden - Cuerpos Generadores de Sustentación
		Ellos fueron el M2-F2 y el HL-10, ambos construidos por Northrop Corporation.
		El M2-F3 se encuentra ahora en exhibición en el Museo Nacional del Aire y el Espacio (National Air and Space Museum), en Washington, D.C. El HL-10
		Northrop entregó el HL-10 al FRC en enero de 1966, que voló por primera vez unos 11 meses más tarde, el 22 de diciembre de ese mismo año.
	www.nasa.gov /centers/dryden/espanol/FS-011-DFRC_espanol.html (2286 words)

	NASA, Air Force Lifting Bodies
		The HL-10 was one of five heavyweight lifting-body designs flown at NASA's Flight Research Center (FRC--later Dryden Flight Research Center), Edwards, California, from July 1966 to November 1975 to study and validate the concept of safely maneuvering and landing a low lift-over-drag vehicle designed for reentry from space.
		Northrop Corporation built the HL-10 and M2-F2, the first two of the fleet of "heavy" lifting bodies flown by the NASA Flight Research Center.
		The contract for construction of the HL-10 and the M2-F2 was $1.8 million.
	area51specialprojects.com /lifting_bodies.html (872 words)

	NASA Dryden M2-F3 Movie Collection
		The information the lifting body program generated contributed to the data base that led to development of today's space shuttle program.
		The success of the FRC's M2-F1 (photos) program led to NASA's development and construction of two heavyweight lifting bodies based on studies at NASA's Ames and Langley research centers--the M2-F2 and the HL-10, both built by the Northrop Corporation.
		When the M2-F2 (photos) was rebuilt by the Northrop Corporation with the cooperation of the FRC and redesignated the M2-F3 (photos), it was modified with an additional third vertical fin--centered between the tip fins--to improve control characteristics.
	www1.dfrc.nasa.gov /gallery/movie/M2-F3 (430 words)

	M2-F3
		Maximum speed achieved was Mach 1.6, top altitude 21,800 m.
		The final X-30 National Aerospace Plane configuration seemed to owe much to the M2.
		1971 December 1 - M2 Flight 28 - Program: NASA Lifting Body.
	www.astronautix.com /craft/m2f3.htm (545 words)

	City of Lancaster : 1993
		Max R. Stanley logged more than 8,000 flight hours to become known as the "Dean of Northrop Test Pilots." He flew the first flights of all models of the Northrop P-61 Black Widow except the initial XP-61.
		During his 28 years with Northrop, he pioneered as pilot on the first flights of the Northrop F-15, the Tri-Motor C-125 Raider, and participated as pilot in the F-89 Scorpion and T-38 Talon flight test programs.
		He served as a Project Pilot on the Northrop N-9M one-third scale model of the large XB-35 Flying Wing Bomber.
	www.cityoflancasterca.org /Index.aspx?page=207 (1263 words)

	Space Cowboy Saloon
		Peterson had a long road to recovery but nonetheless lived to fly again, despite losing vision in his right eye due to a staph infection.
		As for the M2-F2, it was taken back to the Northrop plant in Hawthorne, CA, rebuilt (for $700,000) and redesignated the M2-F3.
		Meanwhile, while the M2-F3 was laid up at the plant, the HL-10 and X-24A programs continued.
	groups.msn.com /spacecowboysaloon/m2f2.msnw (819 words)

	Unreal Aircraft - Weird Wings - Lifting Bodies - Northrop M2-F2
		Unreal Aircraft - Weird Wings - Lifting Bodies - Northrop M2-F2 Halton Meteor
		Weird Wings - Lifting Bodies - Northrop M2-F2 In mid-1964 Northrop was contracted by the US National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) to produce two all-metal wingless lifting body re-entry research vehicles, based on experience gained in their M2-F1 wooden glider, which had made over 500 flights over 1963-64.
		Site design and maintenance by Andrew McPhee - Macca's Stuff
	www.unrealaircraft.com /wings/M2-F2.php (285 words)

	Airliners.net Photos: NASA Northrop M2-F3
		Airliners.net Photos: NASA Northrop M2-F3 648 users checked-in.You are not checked-in.
		More: Northrop M2-F3 More: Off-Airport - Washington, D.C. More: USA - District of Columbia, December 1, 2003
		On display in the Smithsonian National Air & Space Museum.
	www.airliners.net /open.file?id=0505428&size=M (132 words)

	X-Planes
		The X-3 failed to achieve the high speeds for which it was designed but pioneered in the use of titanium and contributed to the development of aircraft tire technology.
		In a joint program with the Air Force and Northrop, the NACA conducted most of the flights in this semi-tailless aircraft (which had no horizontal stabilizer).
		Powered by two turbojet engines and featuring swept wings, the X-4 helped demonstrate that tail surfaces are important for proper control effectiveness but that a properly configured semi- tailless airplane was a viable platform for research on dynamic stability and also provided data (from tufts) on airflow anomalies.
	abyss.uoregon.edu /~js/space/lectures/x-planes.html (1426 words)

	Northrop M2-F2 - Japan
		The Northrop M2-F2 was a heavyweight lifting body based on studies at NASA's Ames and Langley research centers.
		The success of Dryden's M2-F1 program led to NASA's development and construction of two heavyweight lifting bodies based on studies at NASA's Ames and Langley research centers -- the M2-F2 and the HL-10, both built by the Northrop Corporation.
		See Title 17 of the United States Code and copyright for further details.
	northrop-m2-f2.zdnet.co.za /zdnet/Northrop_M2-F2 (2269 words)

	M2-F3
		02 June 1970 M2 Flight 17 Program: NASA Lifting Body.
		01 December 1971 M2 Flight 28 Program: NASA Lifting Body.
		M2F1 Lifting Body - The M2-F1 was the first lifting body configuration tested.
	www.friends-partners.org /partners/mwade/craft/m2f3.htm (437 words)

	Powell Bio (92) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		He experienced a momentary delay after hitting the launch toggle switch; as a result, the chase planes got out of position and lost him in the clouds.
		Powell later made four flights in the Northrop M2-F3 lifting body, validating use of a lifting body to transition from hypersonic re-entry flight to landing.
		His work was a vital step in paving the way for today's Space Shuttle landings.
	www.au.af.mil /au/goe/eaglebios/92bios/powell92.htm (550 words)

	NASA 'Lifting Body' pioneer Robert Dale Reed dies at 75
		As for the M2-F2, it was taken back to the Northrop plant in Hawthorne, CA, rebuilt (for $700,000) and redesignated the M2-F3.
		In support of the M2 lifting body program in the early 1960s, Dale Reed had built a number of small lifting body shapes and drop tested them from a radio controlled mothership.
		Pilot Chuck Yeager, seated in the cockpit of the M2- F1, talks with fellow pilots from left to right Milt Thompson, Don Malick and Bruce Peterson.
	www.freerepublic.com /focus/f-news/1367692/posts (1906 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Yeager was now a fan of the lifting body concept and told Bikle that the lifting body handled well and that he would like to have a few jet-powered versions (which at that time had not been built) to use at the ARPS for training future lifting body pilots.
		Nothing came of this proposal, but subsequent rocket powered variants such as the M2-F2, M2-F3, Northrop’s HL-10, Martin’s X-24A & X-24B were successful and were powered by the same Reaction Motors XLR-11 motor as the X-1.
		The M2-F1 is on display at the Dryden Flight Research Center at Edwards AFB, California.
	members.lycos.co.uk /derekhorne/m2f1.html (1122 words)

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