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	Northwestern Hawaiian Islands - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Northwestern Hawaiian Islands or the Leeward Islands are the small islands and atolls in the Hawaiian island chain located northwest (in some cases, far to the northwest) of the islands of Kaua'i and Ni'ihau.
		The Northwestern Hawaiian Islands were formed over the same volcanic hotspot that formed the Emperor Seamounts and the Windward Hawaiian Islands.
		The isolated land masses gradually eroded and subsided, evolving from high islands to atolls (or seamounts north of the Darwin Point).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Northwestern_Hawaiian_Islands (266 words)

	NOAA News Online (Story 2644)
		The Northwestern Hawaiian Islands Marine National Monument encompasses nearly 140,000 square miles of U.S. waters, including 4,500 square miles of relatively undisturbed coral reef habitat that is home to more than 7,000 species.
		Aulani Wilhelm (ow-lah-nee), acting director of the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands Coral Reef Ecosystem Reserve, at NOAA headquarters in Washington, D.C., discusses the cultural importance of the reserve.
		The national monument is located in waters off the Hawaiian Islands Reservation established by President Theodore Roosevelt in 1909, the Hawaiian Islands National Wildlife Refuge and Midway Atoll National Wildlife Refuge, site of the key World War II sea battle and the Battle of Midway National Memorial.
	www.noaanews.noaa.gov /stories2006/s2644.htm (841 words)

	Northwestern Hawaiian Islands Proclaimed a National Monument
		The Northwestern Hawaiian Islands are home to the 1,400 surviving Hawaiian monk seals, the entire population of this critically endangered species.
		These islands are the breeding ground for 90 percent of the threatened Hawaiian Island green sea turtle population.
		Hawaiian environmental groups were pleased with the new monument designation, but many said vigilance will be needed as the management plan for the newly protected area is drafted.
	www.ens-newswire.com /ens/jun2006/2006-06-15-03.asp (1776 words)

	Sanctuary status sought for Northwestern Hawaiian Islands - The Honolulu Advertiser - Hawaii's Newspaper
		The western end of the Hawaiian archipelago is a string of reefs, atolls and small rocky islands, all of which comprise wildlife refuges run by either the state Department of Land and Natural Resources or the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.
		The deep northwestern island reefs are largely pristine, not having been subjected to sedimentation and other forms of pollution plaguing the main Hawaiian islands, and having seen only limited fishing for a few species.
		Some scientists argue that larvae from the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands reefs are a major factor in the re-seeding of overfished reefs in the main islands.
	the.honoluluadvertiser.com /article/2002/Apr/07/ln/ln08a.html (823 words)

	Category:Northwestern Hawaiian Islands - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Northwestern Hawaiian Islands or Leeward Islands are the small islands and atolls in the Hawaiian island chain that are located northwest of the islands of Kaua'i and Ni'ihau.
		All the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands are uninhabited and are administered by the U.S. state of Hawai‘i (except Midway Atoll, which has temporary residential facilities and is administered by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service).
		The main article for this category is Northwestern Hawaiian Islands.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Category:Northwestern_Hawaiian_Islands (140 words)

	CDNN :: Consensus Builds for Full Protection of Northwestern Hawaiian Islands
		While the islands have been protected for nearly a century as a refuge, the surrounding reefs are entering a critical year for their protection in 2006.
		Like the environmentalists, the fish and wildlife managers and the fishermen who want to continue their access to the islands' bounty of fish, she is awaiting details of the federal plan to protect the islands' waters.
		The coral of the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands have been spared the intense development and fishing seen at reefs elsewhere in the country.
	www.cdnn.info /news/eco/e060113.html (750 words)

	Honolulu Star-Bulletin News /2005/05/06/
		Hawaiian squirrelfish are found in the French Frigate Shoals, Northwestern Hawaiian Islands.
		The Northwestern Islands are a chain of small islands, atolls, submerged banks and reefs that stretch 1,200 miles northwest of the main Hawaiian Islands.
		Federal waters around the islands out to 50 miles are now part of the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands Coral Reef Ecosystem Reserve and are in the years-long process of becoming the country's 14th National Marine Sanctuary.
	starbulletin.com /2005/05/06/news/story10.html (563 words)

	Northwestern Hawaiian Islands Science Symposium http://hawaiianatolls.org/sym3/ -
		An island is a body of land, smaller than a continent, completely surrounded by water.
		Island ecosystems have been studied because they are simpler than ocean ecosystems.
		Islands provide natural “experiments” for research because of their number, variation in shape, size, degree of isolation and ecology.
	www.oceansatlas.org /cds_static/en/northwestern_hawaiian_islands_science_http__en_44212_67219.html (329 words)

	CDNN :: Alien Seaweed Spreads to Pristine Northwestern Hawaiian Islands
		The issue in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands is not the impact on tourism, but what the weed could do to native ecosystems.
		The entire northwestern island chain is a wildlife refuge and the coral reefs are protected as reserves.
		The Northwestern Hawaiian Islands are not normally thought of as a nutrient-rich environment, and Smith said the appearance of large amounts of weed there may require a study of nutrient levels around the islands and atolls.
	www.cdnn.info /news/eco/e050725.html (822 words)

	Northwestern Hawaiian Islands Voyage (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The Northwestern Hawaiian Islands are literally the kupuna - the ancestors - of the main Hawaiian group.
		In the late 1800’s, for example, Laysan Island was mined for eggs, birds and guano - leading to great destruction and the death of 95% of one species of seabird.
		Efforts to curb the invasive weeds and insects on several of the islands are accelerating.
	www.pvs-hawaii.com /about_nwhi.htm (988 words)

	Northwestern Hawaiian Islands: The Northwestern Hawaiian Archipelago
		They are part of the Hawaiian Ridge-Emperor Seamounts chain that extends approximately 3,700 miles (6,000 km) from the island of Hawai'i to the Aleutian Trench off the coast of Siberia.
		Kure is the oldest island in the Hawaiian Archipelago; the Main Hawaiian Islands (MHI) are the youngest.
		Soon the island was overrun with rabbits which ate most of the vegetation, nearly turning the island into a desert.
	www.coris.noaa.gov /about/eco_essays/nwhi/narchipelago.html (1223 words)

	5/22/2003~Plant Critical Habitat Designated in Northwestern Hawaiian Islands
		Accordingly, the field camp on the island of Laysan was not included; nor were grave sites, places of worship, and other sites of cultural and historic importance to native Hawaiians on the islands of Nihoa and Necker.
		All beach areas, sand spits, and islets in the northwestern Hawaiian islands (except for Sand Island in Midway Atoll) are already designated as critical habitat for the Hawaiian monk seal.
		Despite periodic surveys on all the islands during the past 20 years, no plants have been found and no viable genetic material of this variety is known to exist.
	news.fws.gov /newsreleases/r1/5EDB41FF-D559-4423-9CE515B766D2AF2F.html (855 words)

	EO 13178 Northwestern Hawaiian Islands Coral Reef Ecosystem Reserve
		The approximately 1,200 mile stretch of coral islands, seamounts, banks, and shoals are unquestionably some of the healthiest and most extensive coral reefs in the United States.
		There is hereby established in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands a coral reef ecosystem reserve to be known as the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands Coral Reef Ecosystem Reserve (Reserve).
		The Reserve shall be adjacent to and seaward of the seaward boundaries of the State of Hawaii and the Midway Atoll National Wildlife Refuge, and shall overlay the Hawaiian Islands National Wildlife Refuge to the extent that it extends beyond the seaward boundaries of the State of Hawaii.
	nodis3.gsfc.nasa.gov /displayEO.cfm?id=EO_13178_ (2964 words)

	Kauai Garden Island News (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Bonk served on the council of Hawai'i County in 1992, and as its chairman from 1995 to 1996.
		Identifying herself now as a Northwestern Hawaiian Islands coordinator for the Hawaii Audubon Society, Bonk told the Kaua'i legislators that the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands is "truly Hawai'i's state treasure," and thanked Yukimura for proposing the resolution.
		Bonk distributed information indicating that the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands are home to more than 7,000 marine species, and includes the major foraging grounds of the Hawaiian monk seal, the most endangered marine mammal in the United States.
	www.kauaiworld.com /articles/2005/10/18/news/news02.txt (867 words)

	Help Protect the Fragile Northwestern Hawaiian Islands!
		KAHEA, a broad coalition of Native Hawaiian community leaders and environmentalists sponsored a workshop which was attended by over 60 kupuna (respected elders), makua (prominent senior community members), fishermen and women, scientists, state and federal officials, environmentalists, and community members from five Islands.
		They explained that these islands serve as incubation for the lower fisheries; that by protecting the NWHI, the lower island fisheries are also protected and nurtured.
		The green sea turtle and the Hawaiian monk seal rely heavily on the NWHI for procreation.
	actionnetwork.org /EDF_Action_Network/alert-description.html?alert_id=12608 (963 words)

	SignOnSanDiego.com > News > Science -- Study: Northwestern Hawaiian Islands fish in danger
		Populations of the opakapaka, or Hawaiian pink snapper, have plummeted 90 percent in 10 years, according to the Ocean Conservancy and the Marine Conservation Biology Institute.
		Stocks of the hapu'upu'u, or the Hawaiian grouper, have sunk 64 percent over the same period in the 1,200 miles of islands and atolls northwest of Kauai, according to the study.
		The Northwestern Hawaiian Islands account for about 70 percent of all coral reefs in the United States and are home to the endangered Hawaiian monk seal and the threatened green sea turtle.
	www.signonsandiego.com /news/science/20051025-0835-wst-overfishing-hawaii.html (323 words)

	State creates vast marine refuge in Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		There are currently nine bottomfishers working around the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands, primarily in federal waters, who bring in a catch worth about $1.5 million, Young said.
		The Northwestern Hawaiian Islands have been fished since about 1900 and are still frequently described as "pristine," said Martin, who is fisherman.
		The state is also seeking global recognition of the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands by pursuing UNESCO World Heritage Site status for the area, Young said.
	www.casperstartribune.net /articles/2005/10/02/news/regional/caee837a73730fa78725708c00553136.txt (671 words)

	Bush proclaims Northwestern Hawaiian Islands a National Monument - Wikinews
		U.S. President George W. Bush yesterday signed an executive order declaring the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands a U.S. National Monument, creating the largest protected marine area in the world and the largest single conservation area in the history of the United States.
		All the Northwestern islands are uninhabited, except Midway Island
		As a National Monument, the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands would be subject to one of the highest levels of protection in the U.S. All fishing will be phased out over five years, and visitors will require permits for snorkeling and diving.
	en.wikinews.org /wiki/Bush_proclaims_Northwestern_Hawaiian_Islands_a_National_Monument (546 words)

	5/14/2002~Plant Critical Habitat Proposed in Northwestern Hawaiian Islands
		Access to these islands is already restricted, both by requirements for permits from the managing agency and by their very remoteness.
		All beach areas, sand spits, and islets in the northwestern Hawaiian islands are already designated critical habitat for the Hawaiian monk seal.
		The species is being propagated in the island’s greenhouse and several populations are now growing on the island.
	news.fws.gov /newsreleases/r1/83DF2F38-54F1-4097-BFAC9F2032503F3F.html (905 words)

	Voyage to the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands 2003 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The Northwestern Hawaiian Islands is a microcosm of island ecology where we can learn to manage and care for a pristine and fragile ecosystem and apply these lessons back to the main Hawaiian Islands.
		The "Ancestral" leg of our journey took us to the islands of Nihoa, where cultural protocols were performed to set the stage for the rest of the voyage.
		These islands will reveal a rare sanctuary of natural beauty symbolized by the tiny coral polyp – the building block of life - according to one Hawaiian tradition.
	www.pvs-hawaii.com /voyages/voyaging_03_nwhi.php (646 words)

	Hawaiiandex.com - The Islands - Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (Leeward Islands) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Northwestern Hawaiian Islands - lots of good stuff about the reserve.
		Northwestern Hawaiian Islands Coral Reef Ecosystem Reserve - "encompasses an area of the marine waters and submerged lands of the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands extending approximately 1200 nautical miles long and 100 nautical miles wide."
		Northwestern Hawaiian Islands Multi-Agency Education Project - a central clearing house for educational materials for these islands.
	hawaiiandex.com /islands_nw.html (148 words)

	For Immediate Release: September 29, 2005
		The refuge puts all State waters from Nihoa, the tiny island beyond Ni`ihau and Kaua`i, to Kure Atoll, the northernmost land mass in the Hawaiian chain, into a limited access, no extraction marine refuge.
		Continuance of Native Hawaiian traditional and customary practices will be allowed in the refuge, to perpetuate the living culture of these Islands.
		The Hawaiian Islands National Wildlife Refuge has long protected the coral reefs surrounding most of the islands and atolls in the NWHI to the depth of 10 fathoms (20 fathoms around Necker Island).
	www.hawaii.gov /dlnr/chair/pio/HtmlNR/05-N99.htm (773 words)

	NORTHWESTERN HAWAIIAN ISLANDS PROPOSED AS A NATIONAL MARINE REFUGE
		Longline fishing is prohibited within 50 nm from the NWHI, thanks in part to the request of local fishermen asking WESPAC to close the area in the early 1990s because of concerns about the impact of longline fishing on regional pelagic fish stocks, and interference with monk seals.
		Morioka dismisses the suggestion that the NWHI serves as a fish replenishment area for the main Hawaiian Islands based on one ocean current study.
		Furthermore, NWHI bottomfish populations may indeed be stressed, particularly in the waters around Nihoa and Necker Islands where stocks have declined to a "borderline" condition according to WESPAC.
	www.pacfish.org /nwhi/commentary.html (1507 words)

	Hawaii Governor Safeguards Northwestern Hawaiian Islands
		Continuance of Native Hawaiian traditional and customary practices will be allowed in the refuge, to perpetuate the living culture of these islands, the governor said.
		While the reefs of the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands are among the healthiest in the world, they are not immune from present and future threats from the pressure of human activities.
		Cha Smith, executive director of KAHEA, the Hawaiian-Environmental Alliance, said she was "thrilled." Five years ago KAHEA organized a workshop of Hawaiian elders and conservationists who have since led the effort to bring about a true marine refuge in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands.
	www.ens-newswire.com /ens/sep2005/2005-09-30-04.asp (1019 words)

	Hawaii's Outer Kingdom @ National Geographic Magazine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		One by one, the islands of Hawai'i were born from the volcanic hot spot that still fires eruptions on the Big Island.
		The islands are owned by wildlife—it is clearly their place, not ours—even though human intervention is needed to ensure protection.
		Everyone permitted on the islands bears that responsibility, and it begins with strict quarantines to keep alien seeds and insects from hitching a ride from the outside world or from one island to the next.
	www7.nationalgeographic.com /ngm/0510/feature4 (488 words)

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