
	Where results make sense

Topic: Norwalk virus

Related Topics

Norovirus

List of viruses

Norwalk

Rotavirus

Smallpox virus

Nanoviridae

Adenovirus

Hepatitis E

Poliovirus

Food safety

Bad Bug Book

Foodborne illness

Shigellosis

Zoonosis

Ebola virus

	US FDA/CFSAN - Bad Bug Book - The Norwalk virus family
		Norwalk virus is the prototype of a family of unclassified small round structured viruses (SRSVs) which may be related to the caliciviruses.
		The genome of Norwalk virus has been cloned and development of gene probes and PCR amplification techniques to detect the virus in clinical specimens and possibly in food are under way.
		Foodborne outbreaks of gastroenteritis caused by Norwalk virus are often related to consumption of raw shellfish.
	vm.cfsan.fda.gov /~mow/chap34.html (1342 words)

	Norwalk virus group -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Norwalk virus is a ((virology) ultramicroscopic infectious agent that replicates itself only within cells of living hosts; many are pathogenic; a piece of nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) wrapped in a thin coat of protein) virus, the prototype of the Norwalk virus family or the noroviruses.
		Identification of the virus can be made on early stool specimens using immune electron microscopy and various (Identification of a substance (especially a protein) by its action as an antigen) immunoassays.
		The genome of Norwalk virus has been cloned and development of gene probes and (Click link for more info and facts about PCR amplification) PCR amplification techniques to detect the virus in clinical specimens and possibly in food are under way.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/n/no/norwalk_virus_group.htm (1306 words)

	Medmicro Chapter 65
		Norwalk virus is a small (diameter, 27 nm), round, nonenveloped virus with an amorphous surface structure possessing a feathery, ragged outline.
		Norwalk virus was first discovered in diarrheal stool specimens from patients infected during an epidemic of gastroenteritis that occurred in Norwalk, Ohio, in 1968.
		Norwalk virus infection seems to spare the large intestine, and thus fecal leukocytes are not present in the stool.
	gsbs.utmb.edu /microbook/ch065.htm (1584 words)

	Norwalk Virus Infection Facts
		Norwalk virus infection is an intestinal illness that often occurs in outbreaks.
		Norwalk and Norwalk-like viruses are increasingly being recognized as leading causes of foodborne disease in the United States.
		Norwalk virus infection is caused by the Norwalk virus.
	www.astdhpphe.org /infect/norwalk.html (558 words)

	Norwalk Virus - Toronto Public Health
		Norwalk virus is a common cause of vomiting and diarrheal illness each winter and has often been referred to as "stomach flu" or "Winter Vomiting Disease".
		Norwalk virus infections have been linked to outbreaks of vomiting and/or diarrhea in institutions such as child-care centres and long term care facilities as well as on cruise ships, camps, schools and households.
		The symptoms of Norwalk virus infection may be more severe for older individuals, young children and those with underlying medical conditions who may become dehydrated due to the vomiting and diarrhea.
	www.toronto.ca /health/norwalk.htm (600 words)

	Community Health Services .::Norwalk Virus::.
		Norwalk and Norwalk-like viruses is implicated as the etiologic agent in about 1/3 of the non-bacterial outbreaks of gastroenteritis.
		Norwalk viruses are more commonly associated with outbreaks of gastroenteritis in nursing homes, homes for the aged and adult institutions.
		Norwalk induced gastroenteritis is usually a self-limiting, mild to moderate disease.
	www.lambtonhealth.on.ca /communicable/norwalk.asp (441 words)

	Norwalk Virus
		Norwalk virus is a very common source of non-bacterial diarrhea and vomiting in humans.
		Norwalk viruses are often associated with outbreaks in nursing homes, homes for the aged and other adult institutions due to the close proximity of the residents.
		The virus is passed in stool and in vomit.
	www.parkview.ps.yrdsb.edu.on.ca /NorwalkVirus.htm (300 words)

	eMedicine - Norwalk Virus : Article by Todd Wills, MD
		Norwalk virus is the prototypical strain in the genus.
		The virus causes infection with a low inoculum exposure (100 viral particles) and is stable with freezing or temperatures of up to 140°F. Cruise ships are particularly vulnerable because of frequent changes in the passenger cohort, relative crowding, and the difficulty in performing decontamination during short periods at shore.
		Kaplan JE, Gary GW, Baron RC: Epidemiology of Norwalk gastroenteritis and the role of Norwalk virus in outbreaks of acute nonbacterial gastroenteritis.
	www.emedicine.com /med/topic1648.htm (1628 words)

	Norwalk Virus - DrGreene.com
		Norwalk virus was first identified as the cause of an outbreak of gastroenteritis among children at a school in Norwalk, Ohio — and among their teachers and their families.
		Diarrhea and vomiting are the hallmark symptoms of Norwalk virus infection.
		Norwalk virus is quite contagious, and may be spread via the fecal-oral route, through direct contact,through infected fomites, or through contaminated food or water.
	www.drgreene.com /21_1150.html (570 words)

	Spartanburg SC \| GoUpstate.com \| Spartanburg Herald-Journal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Norwalk virus is the prototype virus of the genus Norovirus of the family Caliciviridae.
		The cloning and sequencing of the Norwalk virus genome showed that these viruses have a genomic organization consistent with viruses belonging to the family Caliciviridae.
		Recent examples include US95/96-US strain, associated with global outbreaks in the mid- to late-90s, Farmington Hills virus associated with outbreaks in Europe and the United States in 2002 and in 2004 Hunter virus was associated with outbreaks in Europe, Japan and Australiasia.
	www.goupstate.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=Norwalk_virus (1447 words)

	An outbreak of norwalk virus gastroenteritis following consumption of oysters (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Norwalk viruses are an important cause of both sporadic and epidemic gastroenteritis.
		Norwalk virus was not detected in seven faecal specimens tested by electron microscopy.
		An Australia-wide outbreak of gastroenteritis from oysters caused by Norwalk virus.
	www.health.gov.au /internet/wcms/Publishing.nsf/e11ffa331b366c54ca2569210006982f/cda-pubs-cdi-1997-cdi2121-cdi2121a.htm (2818 words)

	Norovirus (Norwalk Virus)
		Binding of Norwalk virus-like particles to ABH histo-blood group antigens is blocked by antisera from infected human volunteers or experimentally vaccinated mice.
		Norwalk virus binds to histo-blood group antigens present on gastroduodenal epithelial cells of secretor individuals.
		BACKGROUND and AIMS: Norwalk Virus (NV) is a member of the Caliciviridae family, which causes acute epidemic gastroenteritis in humans of all ages and its cellular receptors have not yet been characterized.
	www.thedoctorsdoctor.com /diseases/norwalk_virus.htm (3047 words)

	Norwalk Viruses Widespread
		Norwalk virus caused an outbreak of illnesses in Norwalk, Ohio in the 1970’s, and each subsequent related outbreak has been termed “Norwalk-like.” The viruses are second only to the common cold in the occurrence of viral illnesses in the US.
		The Norwalk and Norwalk-like family of viruses are representative of a larger group of viruses called the caliciviruses.
		Norwalk and Norwalk-like viruses are transmitted when people consume food or water contaminated with feces from an infected person.
	healthlink.mcw.edu /article/1031002212.html (869 words)

	Chief Medical Officer of Health urges Ontarians to protect themselves from Norwalk virus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Norwalk virus is spread through improper hygiene, such as poor hand-washing practices.
		If you are suffering from Norwalk Virus, drink plenty of fluids to avoid dehydration and make sure to wash your hands properly to not infect others.
		Norwalk Virus is highly contagious and Dr. D'Cunha urges those who are experiencing the symptoms to avoid visiting friends and loved ones in hospitals and long-term care facilities.
	www.healthyontario.com /News_Tips/2002_12/Chief_Medical_Officer_of_Health_urges_Ontarians_to_protect_themselves_from_Norwalk_virus.htm (373 words)

	"Norwalk Virus: Scientists Sort Out This Simple but Dangerous Virus
		Luckily, Norwalk virus symptoms usually pass in three to four days, though young children and the elderly are more at risk, says researcher Michele Hardy.
		Though the Norwalk virus was discovered in 1972, until it was cloned in 1990 researchers made little progress in learning about it.
		She has just received a five-year grant from the National Institutes of Health to look at the functions of the proteins that are necessary for the virus to replicate, a precursor to learning how to block the virus from reproducing.
	www.montana.edu /wwwpb/ag/norwalk.html (737 words)

	Norwalk virus outbreak at Needham hospital - The Boston Globe
		Norwalk virus outbreak at Needham hospital - The Boston Globe
		Caused by a family of germs known as noroviruses, the disease -- often incorrectly referred to as a "stomach flu" -- causes nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and abdominal cramps.
		Hospital officials are unsure of how the virus arrived at the hospital, but Pantridge said they believe it was spread through person-to-person contact rather by eating contaminated food, another common means of infection.
	www.boston.com /yourlife/health/diseases/articles/2006/12/01/norwalk_virus_outbreak_at_needham_hospital?p1=MEWell_Pos4 (580 words)

	Norwalk and Norwalk-like Virus Fact Sheet
		Norwalk virus infection is a common cause of diarrhea and vomiting sickness in the United States.
		The virus was first identified during an outbreak in Norwalk, Ohio, in 1972.
		Norwalk virus infection can occur at any time of year and is the cause of about half of the gastrointestinal illness in the United States.
	health.utah.gov /els/epidemiology/epifacts/norwalk.htm (378 words)

	DMA • Food Protection Connection article: Understanding Norwalk Virus
		Today, CDC officials estimate that Norwalk virus is the number-one cause of foodborne illness in the U.S. Because Norwalk is so common, about half of adults actually have some immunity to the virus.
		Norwalk virus does have its own list, which includes: contaminated shellfish (oysters and clams), salad ingredients washed or handled in contaminated water, impure water itself, and ice made from impure water.
		Norwalk virus is passed through the feces of someone who is ill with the virus.
	www.dmaonline.org /fppublic/connect27.html (934 words)

	About Norwalk Virus - Norovirus foodborne illness
		The prototype strain was identified four years later, in 1972, and was the first virus identified that specifically caused gastroenteritis in humans.
		A study published in 1977 found that the Toronto virus was the second most common cause of gastroenteritis in children.
		The virus is shed in large numbers in the vomit and stool of infected individuals, most commonly while they are ill. Some individuals may, however, continue to shed the norovirus long after they have recovered from the illness.
	www.about-norwalk.com (531 words)

	Chemtrail Central :: View topic - Norwalk Virus
		Public-health authorities in Boston are tracking more than 700 cases of Norwalk virus, an unusually extensive outbreak of the same condition that recently afflicted cruise-ship passengers with roiling stomachs and aching heads.
		Norwalk - named for the small city southwest of Cleveland where the virus was first identified more than three decades ago - rarely causes death or serious illness, despite its unpleasantness.
		A hearty microbe, the virus has forced the closure of hospital wards and schools in North America and the United Kingdom in recent months, and New York health authorities are investigating whether patients hospitalized with stomach ailments are cases of Norwalk.
	www.chemtrailcentral.com /forum/msg30019.html&sid=4a2e66c7a79b0e4258a98533660d204d (1001 words)

	CNN.com - Dr. Sanjay Gupta: Wash hands to avoid Norwalk virus - Dec. 3, 2002
		Some passengers and crew members on at least two cruise ships recently have suffered from gastrointestinal illness caused by Norwalk virus, and the virus is also suspected in an outbreak on a third ship.
		Norwalk virus is an infection with an estimated 181,000 cases every year in the United States, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
		The Norwalk virus is having a good time, but maybe not the people.
	archives.cnn.com /2002/HEALTH/conditions/12/03/otsc.norwalk.virus (722 words)

	Fighting the winter viruses
		The virus, named Norwalk after the town in Ohio where it was first discovered, is highly infectious and quickly takes hold, causing sufferers to experience a sudden onset of vomiting.
		Norwalk virus is thought to occur more in winter because people spend more of their time indoors out of the cold weather and once one person has the virus, there's very little to stop it spreading.
		It is also thought that, for those who do brave the elements, cold, dry air affects the linings of the nasal passage and upper respiratory tract, making them drier and more vulnerable to viral infection.
	www.metoffice.gov.uk /health/features/viruses.html (592 words)

	Norwalk Virus
		The “Norwalk virus” name was coined but there are other viruses that cause similar symptoms and are thus referred to as “Norwalk-like viruses.” Norwalk viruses and Norwalk-like viruses are found around the world and are not unique to the United States.
		The Norwalk virus and other Norwalk-like viruses are passed on to others when they come in contact with the stool or vomit of infected people.
		A tip-off that an outbreak is due to a Norwalk virus or Norwalk-like virus is the presence of both diarrhea and vomiting.
	www.merginet.com /clinical/medical/norwalkvirus.cfm (812 words)

	Norwalk Virus Infection (calicivirus)
		Norwalk virus infection is a gastrointestinal illness that occurs sporadically or in outbreaks.
		The virus was first identified during a gastroenteritis outbreak in Norwalk, Ohio, in 1972.
		Norwalk viruses are spread by exposure to infected people or contaminated food and water.
	www.health.state.ny.us /diseases/communicable/norwalk/fact_sheet.htm (306 words)

	Norwalk virus outbreak forces Burnaby hospital to cancel surgeries, shut two wards (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		VANCOUVER - A Burnaby hospital is battling an outbreak of the nasty Norwalk virus and has been forced to cancel scheduled operations and shut down two medical wards.
		The Norwalk virus is indeed a nasty bug, which causes violent chills and vomiting for up to 72 hours.
		Norwalk virus typically spreads rapidly in confined spaces and hence the wards have been closed.
	www.earthtimes.org /mobile/5808.xhtml (334 words)

	Norwalk Virus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Studies on human volunteers have shown that the virus compromises the function of the intestinal brush border cells, leading to improper adsorption of water and salts.
		Epidemics of gastroenteritis due to the Norwalk agent have occurred on cruise ships, schools, resorts, hospitals, nursing homes, and day-care centers.
		The complete genome has recently been cloned and sequenced and it is hoped that this will lead to a better understanding of the pathogenicity of the virus.
	medinfo.ufl.edu /year2/mmid/bms5300/bugs/norwalk.html (103 words)

	Norwalk Virus Gastroenteritis: A Different Type of Foodborne Illness, HYG-5569-98
		Norwalk Virus is part of a family of unclassified, small, round-structured viruses.
		In the United States, the Norwalk and Montgomery County viruses are related but distinct from the Hawaii and Snow Mountain viruses.
		Norwalk virus is also suspected to have caused an outbreak aboard a cruise ship in Hawaii.
	ohioline.osu.edu /hyg-fact/5000/5569.html (547 words)

	Norwalk virus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Norwalk virus is classified as a member of the Caliciviridae.
		Norwalk virus is most likely transmitted via the fecal-oral route; however, it has also been detected in vomitus.
		The virus particles are extremely hardy; their infectivity persists after exposure to acid, ether and heat (60 degrees for 30 minutes)
	www.meddean.luc.edu /lumen/MEdEd/mech/cases/case20/norwalk.htm (540 words)

Try your search on: Qwika (all wikis)