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Topic: Norwegian Defense Research Establishment

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	Forsvarsnett: English
		Norwegian Defence Research Establishment (FFI) is the prime institution responsible for defence-related research in Norway.
		The Establishment is also the chief adviser on defence-related science and technology to the Ministry of Defence and the Norwegian Armed Forces’ military organization.
		The area around FFI is home to a variety of research institutes, technology centres, colleges, universities and some of the Norwegian Defence Logistics Organisation.
	www.mil.no /felles/ffi/start/English (369 words)

	neo.no: Research Activities: Spectral Imaging
		The cooperation with these institutions was continued in 2005 when a further upgraded version of the instrument was flown successfully, including a hyperspectral camera module covering the SWIR region (900 to 1700nm), in addition to the visible and Near Infrared region (400 to 1000nm).
		NEO has since 2003 also been engaged in a defense research project called HYPOLAC (Hyperspectral Polarimetric Active and Passive Imaging) which is a cooperation with several French institutions (Thales Research & Technology, Thales Optronique SA and The Fresnel Institute at the University of Marseille) with NEO as the prime contractor.
		All the research activities from HISS via ASI, civil and military airborne campaigns and HYPOLAC and industrial projects have led to the development of a line of hyperspectral cameras (HySpex) which is well suited for a wide variety of applications in both the civilian and military domain.
	www.neo.no /research/hyperspectral (963 words)

	ACM: A.M. Turing Award
		Their approach has resulted in programming that is both accessible and available to the entire research community.
		Professor Nygaard was involved in large-scale simulation studies at the Norwegian Defense Research Establishment from 1949-60.
		Professor Dahl also worked at the Norwegian Defense Research Establishment, and joined the Simula project as an experienced designer and implementer of basic software as well as high level programming language.
	www.acm.org /announcements/turing_2001.html (617 words)

	Global Terrorism Analysis from The Jamestown Foundation
		Scott Atran is a director of research at the National Center for Scientific Research in Paris and Professor of anthropology and psychology at the University of Michigan...
		Brynjar Lia is a research professor at the Norwegian Defense Research Establishment (FFI) and the author of a forthcoming biography on Abu Mus'ab al-Suri entitled Architect of Global Jihad: The Life of Al-Qaeda Strategist Abu Mus'ab Al-Suri (London: Hurst & Co Publisher, 2007).
		Tiina Tarvainen is a researcher at the Research Group for Conflicts and Terrorism at the University of Turku, Finland...
	jamestown.org /terrorism/analysts.php (3885 words)

	Norwegian Defence Research Establishment - Definition, explanation
		The Norwegian Defence Research Establishment (NDRE), known in Norway as Forsvarets forskningsinstitutt (FFI) conducts research and development on behalf of the Norwegian Armed Forces and provides expert advice to political and military defence leaders.
		The institute was established in 1946, with its roots in British WWII research, where many Norwegian scientists/technologists took part (their own country occupied by the Germans 1940–1945).
		The Kjeller area is a focus of research activity in south eastern Norway, with a total of some 2,400 people working at a variety of research establishments, colleges and university departments.
	www.calsky.com /lexikon/en/txt/n/no/norwegian_defence_research_establishment.php (257 words)

	COOL International Exchange Workshop (COOLIE-1), Northeastern University
		He has also done research on societal consequences of information technology and is regarded as the founder of the "Scandinavian School" in system development and participative design.
		The COOL Project (Comprehensive Object-Oriented Learning) is a 3-year research project proposal launched by by a consortium of four Norwegian research institutions, supported by research institutions in Aarhus in Denmark, and co-operating with test sites around the world.
		Professor Nygaard was involved in large-scale simulation studies at the Norwegian Defense Research Establishment from 1949-60.
	www.ccs.neu.edu /home/lorenz/COOL (1176 words)

	Technology Futures, Inc.: About TFI
		Complimenting our consulting and research services, we offer publications that include technology forecasting guides, special subject reports, telecom market research reports, white papers, and a telecom reference book.
		Focus on the Future: Our consulting, research, and education services are strongly focused on the future, providing our customers with the ability to take fullest advantage not only of currently emerging technologies, but also of those that are beyond the horizon.
		An overview of our consulting, research, and education capabilities, the types of projects in which we are typically involved, and the methods, techniques, and approaches that we utilize are described in other parts of this website.
	www.tfi.com /about (2190 words)

	Evolution News & Views: International Scientific Discoveries Since Kitzmiller Which Support ID (Part I)
		The article reported that statistical patterns within DNA indicate that there is hidden function: "It also found that this correlation existed predominantly in DNA that did not code for protein, leading Stanley to propose that DNA previously written off as junk actually carries biological information." There is much evidence that the "junk-DNA" assumption is collapsing.
		In 2006, Øyvind Albert Voie, a Norwegian biologist with the Norwegian Defense Research Establishment, published an article in the scientific journal Chaos, Solitons and Fractals, which argued that “chance and necessity cannot explain sign systems, meaning, purpose, and goals” in the DNA system.
		Research from other labs is showing that evolving functional complexes of proteins may be difficult.
	www.evolutionnews.org /2006/12/international_scientific_disco.html (754 words)

	From «Victims of Society» to Menace to Society (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Four men were later arrested, and according to the reports of the police, who had had the car of the suspected bugged for some time already, the attack on the synagogue was only an exercise for the real thing: an attack on the Israeli and American embassies in Oslo.
		One is the analysis of a number of Al Qaida cells by researcher Petter Ness of the Norwegian Defense Research Establishment (FFI, Forsvarets Forskningsinstitut), published in a report called «Jihad in Europe; recruitment for terrorist cells in Europe».
		Professor and researcher Tore Bjørgo of the Police School in Oslo presented another analysis.
	www.brusselsjournal.com /node/1399/print (472 words)

	Pages of Tribute, Department of Informatics, University of Oslo
		The IEEE John von Neumann Medal was established by the Board of Directors in 1990 and may be presented annually "for outstanding achievements in computer-related science and technology." The achievements may be theoretical, technological, or entrepreneurial, and need not have been made immediately prior to the date of the award.
		The award is a recognition of the Norwegian scientists’ important contribution to modern computing, by their introduction of the concepts underlying object oriented programming.
		The IEEE John von Neumann medal is named in honor of the eminent mathematician, John von Neumann, whose work at Princeton University's Institute for Advanced Study led to the building of the IAS binary stored-program computer in 1952.
	www.ifi.uio.no /adminf/tribute.html (1037 words)

	JAOO2000
		From 1957 to 1960 he was head of the operational research groups in the Norwegian defense.
		He did research for Norwegian trade unions on planning, control, and data processing, all evaluated in light of the objectives of organized labor (1971-1973, together with Olav Terje Bergo).
		He is the leader of GOODS (General Object-Oriented Distributes Systems), a three-year Norwegian Research Council-supported project starting in 1997, aiming at enriching object-oriented languages and system development methods by new basic concepts that make it possible to describe the relation between layered and/or distributed programs and the hardware and people carrying out these programs.
	www.jaoo.dk /jaoo2000/conference/speakers/nygaard.html (648 words)

	Kristen Nygaard Summary
		From 1957 to 1960 he was head of the first operations research groups in the Norwegian defense establishment.
		In 1960 he was hired by the Norwegian Computing Center (NCC), responsible for building up the NCC as a research institute in the 1960s, becoming its Director of Research in 1962.
		He did research for Norwegian trade unions on planning, control, and data processing, all evaluated in light of the objectives of organised labour (1971-1973, working together with Olav Terje Bergo).
	www.bookrags.com /Kristen_Nygaard (1427 words)

	Mosquito Pesticide Dibrom - Warning
		Researchers at the National Center of Sanidid Ambiental in Madrid Spain found that the pesticide permethrin (the type used in Brevard's Mosquito Truck Spray Program) was able to induce "structural chromosome aberrations" in human immune system cells as well as in the reproductive cells in laboratory animals.
		Researchers at the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina studied the effects of the pesticide Dichlorvos on several types of laboratory animals.
		Further research is now warranted, but researchers believe it may be due to the subtle neurotoxic actions of the pesticide and its effects upon the areas of the brain involved in feeding or food search mechanisms.
	www.chem-tox.com /brevard/main.htm (2413 words)

	Civilian-Based Defense: A Short History
		He recommended a nonviolent defense policy to Switzerland in 1931, to Abyssinia in 1935, to Czechoslovakia in 1938, and to Britain in 1940.
		Most of these early treatments are characterized by moderate to extensive amounts of criticism of military defense and their proposals for civilian defense are generally limited to merely advocating the idea.
		The Norwegian Defense Research Establishment issued a study on the possible role of civilian defense within the total security policy of Norway in Non-Military Defense and Norwegian Security Policy (Johan Jorgen Holst et al., 1967 [Holst later became Minister of Defense for Norway, 1986-1989]).
	pbogdonoff.home.igc.org /cbdhist.html (1488 words)

	[No title]
		Such research on computer communications sparked the first International Computer Communications Conference (ICCC '72) in Washington, D.C. where researchers from a number of countries around the world discussed their interest in the promise of packet switching and computer networking.
		While Norwegian participation in the SATNET had started with the first meeting of researchers in 1975, their active participation in the channel began in late 1977, using the Nordic earth station at Tannum, Sweden."(Packet Satellite, p.
		Research issues and results were documented and circulated in a series of informal working group notes." (Packet Satellite, p.
	www.columbia.edu /~rh120/other/international-dr.txt (2038 words)

	"Starwars"-radar move to Vardo
		The Norwegian Defense High Command a week earlier (March 24) issued a press release saying that Norway is establishing a new radar called GLOBUS II in Vardo.
		Globus II will enhance the ability of the Norwegian military intelligence to monitor its geographical area of interests and the main function of the radar is to monitor objects in space.
		However, the Norwegian Defense and Research Establishment (FFI) is running a parallell project to make sure the radar is applied un such a way in Norway that we get the best out of it.
	www.fas.org /spp/military/program/track/980404-have-stare.htm (1089 words)

	RFC 829 (rfc829) - Packet satellite technology reference sources
		The primary difference between the earlier packet-switched ARPANET [1, 2] and the ALOHA system developed at the University of Hawaii [3] was the concept of multiple transmitters dynamically sharing a common and directly-accessible radio channel.
		Late in 1982, a ground station was added to connect the German Aeronautics and Space Research Establishment (DFVLR) into the system.
		DARPA and the U.S. Defense Communications Agency are experimenting with a 3 megabit/second domestic packet satellite system to determine whether packetized voice and data services can be integrated economically using this technology.
	www.faqs.org /rfcs/rfc829.html (1215 words)

	Kristen Nygaard
		Kristen Nygaard was born in 1926 in Oslo, Norway.
		At the age of 22, in 1948, be began working full time at the Norwegian Defense Research Establishment.
		Kristen Nygaard continued working for the Norwegian Defense Research Establishment (in computing and programming 1948-1954, and in operational research 1952-1960, and was head of the first operational research groups in the Norwegian defense - 1957-1960).
	www.hitmill.com /programming/cpp/nygaard.html (206 words)

	PCD 10/19/1 Nygaard
		He did research for Norwegian trade unions on planning, control, and data processing, all evaluated in light of the objectives of organised labour (1971-1973).
		His current interests are directed towards the didactical aspects of the teaching of introductory programming and system comprehension, and towards contributions to the creation of a unifying platform for informatics as a science.
		Kristen Nygaard worked at the Norwegian Defense Research Establishment (1948-60), was Director of Research at the Norwegian Computing Center (1960-84), professor in Aarhus, Denmark (1975-1976) and then professor in Oslo (1977-1996).
	hci.stanford.edu /cs547/abstracts/01-02/011019-nygaard.html (524 words)

	Hypothermia, Prevention, Recognition, Treatment: A survey on inhalation rewarming.
		Vangaard (Harnett, 1983) reports the case of 16 Norwegian fishermen pulled alive from the North Atlantic - all 16 died shortly afterwards, possibly as a result of exercise-induced core temperature afterdrop.
		The results of this research are widely quoted in cold water safety brochures.
		Research and real life experience indicate that people survive cold water immersion much longer than popularly believed.
	www.hypothermia-ca.com /hypothermia_publications/hypothermia2.htm (5133 words)

	HeraldNet: Web site suggested Spain as a target (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Experts from the government's Norwegian Defense Research Establishment said the documents found on an Arabic-language Web site last year suggest Spain as a possible terror target because the country had been part of the U.S.-led coalition in Iraq.
		Researcher Thomas Hegghammer told the paper the researchers first thought the 42-page document referred to attacks against coalition forces in Iraq.
		Norwegian Defense Research Establishment spokeswoman Anne-Lisa Hammer said the researchers would not speak to journalists Saturday, but added that the Norwegian reports were accurate.
	www.heraldnet.com /Stories/04/3/14/18339850.cfm (417 words)

	- Links
		The CIDOB Foundation maintains as permanent research the coverage and study of the foreign policy and international cooperation of Spain and of the European Union (EU) vis-a-vis their geographic areas of priority.
		The Department of Peace and Conflict Research was established in 1971 to conduct research and offer courses in peace and conflict studies.
		HIIK is a non-profit organization for the research and documentation of internal and international, non-violent and violent political conflicts since 1945.
	www.sipri.org /contents/webmaster/links (993 words)

	EMC Personality Profile
		John is Norwegian, his parents coming from a small farm on the northern edge of a high mountain lake in the fjord country of Norway.
		John was originally asked to come to the University of Colorado to design and construct a large broadband Microwave Anechoic Chamber (MAC) and to build an EM lab based on the extended measurement capabilities of the chamber.
		He also established a new department in Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering at the Colorado Springs campus and was the first chairman of that department.
	www.ieee.com /organizations/pubs/newsletters/emcs/spring03/personality.html (1023 words)

	Intelligence: Cracking al Qaeda's code - US News and World Report
		Last December, Brynjar Lia, an analyst at the private Norwegian Defense Research Establishment, came across a 42-page document in Arabic on the Global Islamic Media Web site, one of many Islamist sites that he routinely surveys for his research on terrorism.
		Since then, the Norwegians have been fielding queries from various intelligence agencies (they won't say which) while scholars and counterterrorism experts have weighed in on the article's significance.
		What struck the Norwegians most on their second reading of the document was that the author of "Jihadi Iraq" seemed to be suggesting that attacks might be necessary beyond Iraq.
	www.usnews.com /usnews/culture/articles/040517/17strategy.htm (646 words)

	Ole-Johan Dahl
		He worked with the Norwegian Defense Research Establishment from 1952 to 1963 with computing and programming under Jan V. Garwick.
		His main contribution at the NDRE was a high level programming language, MAC, used locally during the early 1960s (first specification dated 1957, the implemented version modified as the result of ALGOL impact).
		From 1964 to 1976 he was the Norwegian delegate to IFIP Technical Committee 2 (Programming Languages), and from 1970 to 1977 a member of IFIP Working Group 2.2 (Language Definition).
	tennessee.cc.vt.edu /~hopl/Simula_files/DahlBio.html (192 words)

	Norway, Landmine Monitor Report 2003
		The conference was organized by Norwegian People’s Aid, Norwegian Red Cross, and the International Peace Research Institute, Oslo (PRIO), with funding from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
		The Ministry of Defense in March 2003 said that the issue of joint operations with non-members of the Mine Ban Treaty is not problematic for Norwegian forces, as under no circumstances will Norway use antipersonnel mines.
		Norwegian People’s Aid is one of the biggest non-governmental humanitarian mine action agencies.
	www.icbl.org /lm/2003/norway.html (3561 words)

	Spartanburg SC \| GoUpstate.com \| Spartanburg Herald-Journal
		With Kristen Nygaard, he produced the initial ideas for object-oriented (OO) programming in the 1960s at the Norwegian Computing Center (NR) as part of the Simula I (1961–1965) and Simula 67 (1965–1968) simulation programming languages.
		Dahl and Nygaard were the first to develop the concepts of class, subclass (allowing implicit information hiding), inheritance, dynamic object creation, etc., all important aspects of the OO paradigm.
		Programmer's handbook for the Ferranti Mercury Computer, Frederic at the Norwegian Defense Research Establishment / By O.-J. Dahl, and Jan V. Garwick.
	www.goupstate.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=Ole-Johan_Dahl (558 words)

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