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Topic: Norwegian dialects

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	Norwegian language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Norwegian is closely related to and generally mutually intelligible with Swedish and Danish.
		Norwegian nouns are inflected or declined in definiteness (indefinite/definite) and number (singular/plural).
		Norwegian finite verbs are inflected or conjugated in mood: indicative/imperative/optative.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Norwegian_language (4158 words)

	Norwegian dialects - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Norwegian spoken dialects are not to be confused with Bokmål and Nynorsk, the two official written variants of the Norwegian language.
		The linguist Einar Haugen documented the particulars of the Oppdal dialect, and the writer Inge Krokann used it as a literary device.
		This is found in rural dialects along the coast from Farsund to the border between Troms and Finnmark.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Norwegian_dialects (2037 words)

	Norwegian language
		The Norwegian alphabet consists of 29 letters, the first 26 or which are the same as the alphabet used in English.
		Nynorsk was based on what all the Norwegian dialects (estimated to around 4000 unique dialects) had in common, and had a strict spelling based on the etymological connection with Old Norse.
		Virtually nobody speaks perfect Bokmål or Nynorsk; everybody speaks some kind of dialect, and most dialects are closest to one of the written variants - but not necessarily the one the person is writing.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/bo/BokmaalAndNynorsk.html (548 words)

	Introduction — History of Norwegian up to 1349
		Norwegian is part of the North Germanic branch of Indo-European, and became an individual language at the beginning of the Viking era.
		Norwegian belongs to the North Germanic branch of the Germanic language group, which is one of the ten subgroups of Indo-European (McMahon 3).
		Norwegian dialects were still spoken, but the upper class in the cities had slowly adopted a Danish-based spoken language.
	linguistics.byu.edu /classes/ling450ch/reports/norwegian.html (3321 words)

	Språkrådet - Norwegian as a Normal Language
		Norwegians are rather fond of thinking of the situation in which the Norwegian language finds itself as being possibly ridiculous and certainly unusual.
		We consider dialects from this continuum that are spoken in the Netherlands and Belgium to be dialects of Dutch, and dialects from the continuum spoken in Germany, Switzerland and Austria to be dialects of German—for entirely nonlinguistic reasons.
		Norwegian was not the only European language where there were two competing solutions to the establishment of a standard upon the achievement of political independence by the nation.
	www.sprakrad.no /templates/Page.aspx?id=6812 (2562 words)

	Språkrådet - Norwegian
		In speech, Norwegian dialects were used, but in the cities, a Danish-based upper- class spoken variety gradually arose, especially for formal use, but it also strongly influenced everyday language.
		Linguistically this plan was supported by the fact that the dialects of the most populous areas of Norway had many core features in common with both written standards, so that an amalgamation should be possible by using these dialects as a basis.
		There are four and a half million Norwegians today, and more than 95% of them use one of the varieties of Norwegian as their primary language (often a dialect for speech and one of the standards for writing) – the Sámi being the most important minority.
	www.sprakrad.no /templates/Page.aspx?id=6811 (1519 words)

	Norwegian Language
		The Norwegian dialects and written languages are part of the Nordic branch of the Germanic language family.
		Norwegian is closely related to and mutually intelligible with the other continental Nordic languages, Danish and Swedish.
		Most people perceive all spoken Norwegian as dialects of one Norwegian language, which makes sense from a synchronous point of view, and officially, Nynorsk and Bokmål are regarded as orthographic varieties of one Norwegian language.
	www.nynorsk.org /norwegian-language.html (1293 words)

	Norwegian
		Norwegian belongs to the North (Scandinavian) group of the Germanic branch of the Indo-European language family.
		The standard dialect is based on East Norwegian spoken in and around the capital city of Oslo where half of the country's population lives.
		Norwegian is considered to be a Category I language in terms of difficulty for speakers of English.
	www.nvtc.gov /lotw/months/december/Norwegian.html (918 words)

	Norwegian language, alphabet and pronunciation
		Norwegian is a North Germanic language with around 5 million speakers in mainly in Norway.
		Early Norwegian literature, mainly poetry and historical prose, was written in West Norse and flourished between the 9th and the 14th centuries.
		Norwegian continued to be spoken but Danish was used for officials purposes, as a literary language and in higher education.
	www.omniglot.com /writing/norwegian.htm (571 words)

	Norwegian language - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		NORWEGIAN LANGUAGE [Norwegian language] member of the North Germanic, or Scandinavian, group of the Germanic subfamily of the Indo-European family of languages.
		Norwegian is a daughter language of Old Norse (see Germanic languages ; Norse language).
		Norwegian employs the Roman alphabet, which was introduced in Norway in the 11th cent.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-norwlang.html (629 words)

	Konferansesammendrag
		The boundary tone is spread to the area in between, so that everything is either H or L, as opposed to East Norwegian dialects, where the area between the (Low) prominence tone and the (High) boundary tone is tonally unspecified, and displays a gradual phonetic transition between the two.
		Even though speakers of a given dialect may be said to produce the accent distinctions of their dialect in "the same" way, we all know that there is considerable individual variation and also considerable variation as a function of context.
		The lengthened pronunciation of the short vowel in the /dax/ dialect was however not intrepreted as a bimoraic (i.e., long) vowel because, in the dialect concerned, forms with long vowels, like /daax/, were in use as plurals or as singular datives.
	nora.hd.uib.no /NTT/Konferansesammendrag.htm (2655 words)

	Norwegian Translation - Translate Norwegian Language Translator
		Danish came to be the primary language of the Norwegian elite, although adoption was slower among the commoners.
		Norwegians began to push for true independence by embracing democracy and attempting to act as a sovereign nation.
		This was adopted by the Norwegian parliament as ''Riksm l, or "Official Language" in 1899.
	www.translation-services-usa.com /languages/norwegian.shtml (1464 words)

	Norway's languages (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		But it is hard for foreigners to comprehend why Norwegians, who 150 years ago did not have a written language of their own and managed quite well with Danish, have, over the past 100 years, developed for good measure two Norwegian tongues.
		It was meant as a common denominator or composite of all Norwegian dialects, but Aasen had first and foremost based his work on the spoken language most closely related to the old written Norwegian, i.e.
		The basis for the slogan is the claim that Nynorsk is the common denominator of all Norwegian dialects.
	www.reisenett.no /norway/facts/culture_science/languages.html (2922 words)

	Brief history of the Norwegian Language
		In fact, a Norwegian from the 13th century and a modern Icelander would probably be able to read and understand the same text.
		The plague wiped out almost one half of the population, and many of the dead were priests and monks who’d been called to pray for the dying and then caught the pest.
		Norwegianize the Danish - changing the spelling so the words looked more like the way the Norwegians pronounced them and adding special culture-specific words to the written language.
	library.thinkquest.org /18802/langhist.htm (1119 words)

	NAHA // Norwegian-American Studies
		Neighboring dialects remained more similar in form than those which were farther removed, for the more people talked to each other, the more alike were their dialects.
		The native dialect, because of its utter familiarity and its associations from the past, was the perfect and inconspicuous means of comprehension between the members of a group.
		They mix into their Norwegian only those English words which were in use in their childhood, for they can maintain their Norwegian as a holiday luxury, a speech for special occasions, in all its (relatively) unsullied purity.
	www.naha.stolaf.edu /pubs/nas/volume10/vol10_1.htm (13087 words)

	NAHA // Norwegian-American Studies
		Prestgard was born in Heidal, one of the tributaries of the upper Gudbrandsdal valley, in 1866.
		The other Norwegian authors wrote in Dano-Norwegian, but they were all prominent members of the New Norwegian movement: Bernt Støylen on "Norwegian Hymn Writers” (mostly on Elias Blix, whom he cites in New Norwegian); Halvdan Koht on "Modern Norwegian Historical Writing”; and a short story by Ivar Kleiven.
		The Norwegian contributions concentrate on the national past, either the Viking period and ancient Norway, or the resurgence of nationality in the nineteenth century, from 1814 to 1905.
	www.naha.stolaf.edu /pubs/nas/volume27/vol27_6.htm (2436 words)

	CLCG: Linguistics Colloquium (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Norwegian is a language with great dialectal variations.
		The first thing a Norwegian speaker does to categorize the dialect of another Norwegian, is often to place her within either the high tone or the low tone category.
		The traditional view is, as we saw in (1) above, that the distinction between the two Norwegian tonemes can only be realized over at least two syllables in Norwegian, but according to the circumflex definition above one may suppose that Norwegian dialects with the circumflex feature also realize this tonemic distinction in monosyllabic words.
	odur.let.rug.nl /clcg/events/lc20002001/lc000908.html (323 words)

	Secular Blasphemy
		One, bokmål or book norwegian, is mostly closely resembling the spoken language in most cities.
		Norwegians have few problems reading both, but the grammar is quite different.
		It was based on the most 'pure' forms of Norwegian, uncontaminated by Danish, and that they found on the countryside.
	blogs.salon.com /0001561/2002/10/09.html (642 words)

	AllRefer.com - Norwegian language (Language And Linguistics) - Encyclopedia
		Norwegian language, member of the North Germanic, or Scandinavian, group of the Germanic subfamily of the Indo-European family of languages.
		Nynorsk, also known as landsmal [country language], stems from the native Norwegian dialects that evolved from Old Norse (uninfluenced by Danish), and it is therefore very different from bokmal.
		Both bokmal and nynorsk are employed by the government, the schools, and the mass media, but bokmal is by far the more widely used of the two, especially in education and literature.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/N/Norwlang.html (505 words)

	Ethnologue report for Norway
		Dialects: Different from Riksmål in genders, lexicon, counting system, a tendency to permit concrete noun endings in abstract situations, diphthongs versus single vowels, and other features.
		Dialects: The linguist Ivar Aasen founded this written variety in the 1850s from spoken Norwegian and Old Norse.
		Dialects: An independent language based on Norwegian with heavy lexical borrowing from Northern Romani and German Rotwelsch.
	www.ethnologue.com /show_country.asp?name=Norway (325 words)

	Online Resources for the Study of Norwegian: Dictionaries, Grammars, and Cultural Resources
		From the source: "it is hard for foreigners to comprehend why Norwegians, who 150 years ago did not have a written language of their own and managed quite well with Danish, have, over the past 100 years, developed for good measure two Norwegian tongues.
		The Norwegian Language Council is the Norwegian government's advisory body in matters pertaining to the Norwegian language.
		Den norske ordboksserien LEXIN er laget for at det skal bli enklere for minoritetsspråklige som bor i Norge å lære seg norsk.
	employees.csbsju.edu /tnichol/norwegian.html (1909 words)

	Norwegian Language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Norwegian Language History: Old Norse was used in Norway and Iceland as a language around 1000.
		Norwegian scripts go back to the 3rd century A.D. Written language evolved in the 11th century.
		Norwegian language is included in the Speech Assessment Methods Phonetic Alphabet (SAMPA) which is a computer-readable phonetic script using 7-bit printable ASCII characters based on the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA).
	www.online-languagetranslators.com /norwegian_language.htm (359 words)

	Norwegian Super Bargains, Norwegian Children's Books, Norwegian ClipArt, Norwegian Database, Norwegian Desk Top ...
		Norwegian is the national language of Norway, spoken by virtually all of the country's 4 million inhabitants.
		Norwegian is one of the Scandinavian languages, which form a branch of the Germanic languages, in turn a part of the Indo-European family.
		About 1850 a movement for the recognition of Norwegian as a language distinct from Danish led to the establishment of landsmå1 ("country language"), which was based on the dialects of rural Norway.
	www.worldlanguage.com /Languages/Norwegian.htm (384 words)

	Overview of the Norwegian Language to Help You Learn Norwegian
		Nynorsk is a dialect that was formed in the mid-1800s from the rural dialects of Norwegian, in a conscious effort to separate the Norwegian language from Danish.
		Norwegian, Swedish, and Danish are linguistically very closely related and are generally mutually intelligible.
		The movement for the recognition of a Norwegian language separate from Danish and Swedish led to the consequent formation of nynorsk.
	www.transparent.com /languagepages/norwegian/overview.htm (635 words)

	Norwegian Translation Services - Norwegian Translator. Translate Norwegian to English
		The Norwegian government and its agencies are mandated to produce 25% of the documents in 'Nynorsk', which is based on Norwegian rural dialects.
		Experienced Norwegian translators are cognizant of the fact that there is a differentiation in the Norwegian language between the stock shares of public companies and the mutual funds shares.
		Norwegian women are among the most beautiful women in the world.
	www.translation-services-usa.com /norwegian.shtml (487 words)

	Gallehus Horns (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		An example of a linguistic difference setting off the eastern dialect area is the monophthongization of the Old Scandinavian diphthongs ei, au, and øy to e and ø (e.g., steinn 'stone' became sten, lauss 'loose' became løs, and høyra 'hear' became høra).
		The many local dialects that exist today developed in the late Middle Ages, when the bulk of the population was rural and tied to its local village or parish, with few opportunities to travel.
		That it was not translated into Norwegian was one of the major reasons that no separate Norwegian literary language arose.
	www.holt.org /gallehus.html (1374 words)

	Norwegian dialects
		Dialects: Different from Riksmål in genders, lexicon, counting system, a tendency to permit concrete noun endings in abstract...
		Old Norse is the synthetic medieval language which we find in the manuscripts of the time, Modern Norwegian represents the analytic stage reached by the Norwegian dialects (supposedly) in the...
		Norwegian has many local dialects which are usually divided into four major groups: The standard dialect is based on East Norwegian spoken in and around the capital city of Oslo where half of...
	www.logicjungle.com /wiki/Norwegian_dialects (331 words)

	Norwegian phrasebook - Wikitravel
		There are also many spoken variations (dialects) of Norwegian, and even to Norwegians, some of them can be really hard to understand if you are not used to them.
		Norwegian spelling is pretty simple and regular (compared to, say, English), but like most real languages, unfortunately not completely regular.
		The Norwegian vowels are pronounced in almost the same way as in German.
	wikitravel.org /en/Norwegian_phrasebook (1770 words)

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