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Topic: Nostratic

	Nostratic Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Nostratic languages are a hypothetical language superfamily to which, some linguists think, a large number of language families of Europe, Asia, and Africa may belong – that is, they think all those language families have descended from a common ancestor, the so-called Proto-Nostratic language.
		In contrast to some other proposed linguistic superfamilies, most versions of the Nostratic hypothesis rely upon an application of the comparative method, involving systematic sound-and-meaning correspondences between the constituent families as well as systematic correspondences in their grammar.
		The second possibility as a culture associated with the Nostratic family is the Zarzian (12,400-8,500 BCE) culture of the Zagros mountains, stretching northwards into Kobistan in the Caucasus and eastwards into Iran.
	www.hallencyclopedia.com /topic/Nostratic.html (3644 words)

	Nostratic languages - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Nostratic languages are a hypothetical language superfamily to which, some linguists think, a large number of language families of Europe, Asia, and Africa may belong – that is, they think all those language families have descended from a common ancestor, the so-called Proto-Nostratic language.
		Allan Bomhard and Colin Renfrew are in broad agreement with the earlier conclusions of Illich-Svitych and Dolgopolsky in seeking the Nostratic urheimat within the mesolithic or epipaleolithic Middle East, the stage which directly preceded the neolithic and was transitional to it.
		The second possibility as a culture associated with the Nostratic family is the Zarzian (12,400-8,500 BCE) culture of the Zagros mountains, stretching northwards into Kobistan in the Caucasus and eastwards into Iran.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Nostratic (3653 words)

	Kids.Net.Au - Encyclopedia > Nostratic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		As a term, "Nostratic" is difficult to pin down, as its proponents are unable to agree on the set of language families they believe should be included.
		In order to understand the idea of Nostratic languages, a quick precis of the concepts behind the discovery, methods of investigation, and application of the Indo-European family of languages is needed.
		Another blow against Nostratic is that the more recent technique of comparing grammatical structures, as opposed to words, has suggested to some that the Nostratic candidates are not related.
	www.kids.net.au /encyclopedia-wiki/no/Nostratic (1393 words)

	Newswise \|
		Nostratic is a language hypothesized to be the common ancestor of a number of modern language families.
		Nostratic is the name given to a language hypothesized to be the common ancestor of a number of families of languages, including Indo-European (which includes English), Uralic, and Afroasiatic.
		Nostratic believers argue that they have found similarities between some language families, such as Indo-European and Afroasiatic, that suggest they originate from a common language.
	www.newswise.com /articles/view/?id=NOSTRAT.OSU (629 words)

	Nostratic language
		Nostratic is a highly controversial language "super-family" or "macrofamily" that putatively links many Eurasian language families.
		Most of the proposed "phono-semantic sets" are much more speculative than those used to group languages into the accepted families -- one technique used to support a similar "super-family" was famously used in the 1960s to "demonstrate" that English was a member of a proposed Central American language family.
		This is an example of what some linguists find suspect about the Nostratic hypothesis: a single proto-form is being suggested as the ancestor of words meaning 'barley', 'wheat', 'pebbles', and 'seeds'.
	www.xasa.com /wiki/en/wikipedia/n/no/nostratic_language.html (1503 words)

	Nostratic languages - Definition, explanation
		Nostratic is a highly controversial language "super-family" that putatively links many Eurasian language families.
		The concept of the Nostratic languages is best understood in the context of the discovery, methods of investigation, and application of the Indo-European family of languages.
		An example of the techniques used by supporters of Nostratic is given by a passage from 'The Nostratic Macrofamily, a Study in Distant Linguistic Relationship', by Allan R. Bomhard and John C. Kerns.
	www.calsky.com /lexikon/en/txt/n/no/nostratic_languages.php (1569 words)

	Nostratic language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The main criticism Nostratic is that the methodology used leads to see patterns that are the result coincidence.
		In reconstructing Nostratic supporters do not the techniques that linguists have established to false positives such as insisting on examining regular sound shifts.
		Most of the proposed "phono-semantic sets" are more speculative than those used to group into the accepted families -- one technique to support a similar "super-family" was famously in the 1960s to "demonstrate" that English was a of a proposed Central American language family.
	www.freeglossary.com /Nostratic (1346 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Joseph Greenberg (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Nevertheless, the allegations of widespread errors in the data along with objections to his methodology have led many linguists to dismiss this part of Greenberg's work as unscholarly and invalid.
		Nostratic is a controversial language super-family that suggests links between many Eurasian language families.
		The Languages of Africa is a seminal 1963 book of essays by Joseph Greenberg, in which he sets forth a genetic classification of African languages that, with some changes, continues to be the most commonly used one today.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Joseph-Greenberg (2068 words)

	Nostratic languages Information
		Nostratic, a hypothetical ancestral language, purportedly served as the root language from which a large number of the language families of Europe, Asia, and Africa may have descended.
		The Nostratic languages would thus constitute a linguistic super-family or high-order grouping of languages.
		Bomhard considers that the Nostratic urheimat was the mesolithic or pre-neolithic epipaleolithic Middle East.
	www.bookrags.com /wiki/Nostratic_languages (1933 words)

	Language Log: Professional Foolishness
		Indo-European is shown as a daughter of Eurasiatic and a sister of Uralic and Altaic.
		Nostratic in turn is shown as a sister of Sino-Tibetan and New Guinea, with the parent labelled with a question mark.
		Eurasiatic, Nostratic, and other such proposals have not been accepted because there is insufficient evidence that the similarities observed are not due to chance and because the possibility that they are due to borrowing rather than common descent has not been ruled out.
	itre.cis.upenn.edu /~myl/languagelog/archives/000780.html (1081 words)

	"Nostratic Article"
		Most language experts remain highly skeptical of the Nostratic hypothesis, which enjoyed so much publicity in the late 1980's and early 1990's that it is sometimes described as the linguists' version of cold fusion.
		The hypothetical Nostratic is not the ur-language but might be one of its major branches.
		The six language families shown as branches on this tree are believed to have originated in the Nostratic language (tree trunk), one of several major branches of a single hypothetical ancient "mother tongue" from which all languages are believed to be derived.
	www.santafe.edu /~johnson/articles.nostratic.html (2071 words)

	Nostratic - Japan
		The Nostratic languages are a hypothetical language superfamily to which, some linguists think, a large number of language families of Europe, Asia, and Africa may belong – that is, they think all those language families have descended from a common ancestor, the so-called Proto-Nostratic language.
		In contrast to some other proposed linguistic superfamilies, most versions of the Nostratic hypothesis rely upon an application of the comparative method, involving systematic sound-and-meaning correspondences between the constituent families as well as systematic correspondences in their grammar.
		Nostratic words were either equal to roots or built by adding endings or suffixes.
	nostratic.zdnet.co.za /zdnet/Nostratic (3799 words)

	LINGUIST List 4.984: Report on 2nd Comparative Workshop: Nostratic
		Classical Nostratic undergoes changes: data treatment is constantly refined, new (groups of) languages are included, others are discarded; for the time being the inclusion of further languages is a moot question in his opinion.
		The case of Nostratic *sV- 'causative-desiderative' morpheme was also questioned due to the inconsistency that it is supposed to yield desiderative reflexes in IE and Altaic but causative reflexes in Dravidian and AA.
		The reconstruction of Nostratic is lexically based, the reconstruction of morphology has its limitations since in the case of two-segment morphemes the element of chance is high.
	www.ling.ed.ac.uk /linguist/issues/4/4-984.html (2187 words)

	Research describes human origins debate before Darwin
		The role of Nostratic - a hypothetical language first thought to have been uttered more than 12,000 years ago - in the development of human language has raged for more than a century in the fields of linguistics, archeology, anthropology and classics.
		Central to the controversy is the question of which language families might belong in the Nostratic group, and how scientists have derived their arguments.
		Nostratic: Sifting the Evidence grew out of a conference on Nostratic that Salmons and Joseph organized in 1993.
	www.news.wisc.edu /537.html (417 words)

	Do you believe in Nostratics? \| Antimoon Forum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Do you think the theories and examples for the hypothetical Nostratic are sufficient in order to believe in the existence of such a language of the past?
		Nostratic may have been the parent language of: Indo-European, Uralic and Altaic languages.
		The main criticism of Nostratic holds that the methodology used leads people to see patterns that actually result from coincidences.
	www.antimoon.com /forum/t5522.htm (797 words)

	Nostratic language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		An example of the techniques used by supporters of Nostratic is as follows: Finally, let's look at The Nostratic Macrofamily, a Study in Distant Linguistic Relationship, by Allan R. Bomhard and John C. Kerns.
		Stowe, under correction; almost always the proof-reading editor had his way on disputed points.
		He, like so many other Boston men of letters, was of to be of; but he paid for these advantages by the suffering in which.
	www.choam.info /title/no/nostratic-language.html (1550 words)

	Darwin-L Message Log 44: 1-16 (April 1997)
		Nostratic will not be accepted as a unit, as long as there is no clarity on the question of which languages belong in it and which don't.
		Another issue discussed by Starostin in the same article quoted by Ruhlen (1989 "Nostratic and Sino-Caucasian", in Shevoroshkin "Explorations in Language Macrofamilies") is the relationship of Nostratic as a whole with other macrofamilies.
		But what it suggests in linguistical terms is a kind of "onion like" structure of the Nostratic macrofamily, with Omotic at the core [and that's where possible links with African families would be most interesting to examine], Cushitic and Beja the inner ring, then "Northern Afrasiatic" (Ancient Egyptian, Semitic, Berber-Chadic).
	rjohara.net /darwin/logs/1997/9704 (6309 words)

	info: Nostratic_language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Nostratic Article"The six language families shown as branches on this tree are believed to have originated in the Nostratic language (tree trunk), one of several major branches of a single hypothetical ancient...
		PBSIf there really were a Nostratic language family which would embrace a whole series, include Indo-European, it would include the Semitic languages, in fact the larger Afro-Asiatic family including the...
		John Croft's Master Nostratic SynthesisThe beginnings of the Nostratic language family with the sickle grain harvesters of late Paleolithic the Helwan culture.
	www.napoli-pizza.net /Nostratic_language.html (282 words)

	Omniseek: Lifestyle: /Lifestyle /Language and Linguistics /Historical Linguistics /Proto-Language
		An investigation of the earliest language of man. Comparative studies of the Proto-Language and various language families and languages currently considered to be isolated.
		Nostratic is the hypothesized macro-family originally proposed for the Afro-Asiatic, Altaic, Dravidian, Indo-European, Kartvelian and Uralic-Yukaghir language families.
		On the family tree of languages, no one is quite sure whether Nostratic is a real branch or a just a shadow that has fooled some linguistic researchers.
	lifestyle.omniseek.com /srch/{54381} (199 words)

	John Croft's Master Nostratic Synthesis
		Looking at the Nostratic origins of PIE and given the African origins of Nostratic circa 15-18,000 years ago, based upon paleogeographic, archaeological and anthropological data (as well as the linguistic evidence) I suggest the following synthetic pattern.
		The beginnings of the Nostratic language family with the sickle grain harvesters of late Paleolithic the Helwan culture.
		Nostratic culture spreads with the late Paleolithic-proto Mesolithic Kebaran culture, north into Syria and Cilicia, and east into the Zagros foothills as the Zarzian culture, carrying Nostratic languages eastward into Iran.
	freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com /~jamesdow/croftide.htm (1514 words)

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