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Topic: Noun class

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Mass noun

Measure word

Collective noun

List of collective nouns

Swahili language

Zulu language

Collective nouns sorted by subject

Catachresis

List of collective nouns for people

Metonymy

Metalepsis

Malapropism

Oracle

List of collective nouns by subject

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	NOUN CLASSES - KISWAHILI GRAMMAR NOTES
		Class 1 and 2 with the Adjectival Prefix:
		Class 5 and 6 with the Adjectival Prefix
		Classes 9 - 10 with the Adjectival Prefixes
	research.yale.edu /swahili/serve_pages/grammar/Noun_Classes.php (0 words)

	What is a noun class?
		A noun class system is a grammatical system that some languages use to overtly categorize nouns.
		Expression of the noun class is obligatory in all contexts.
		Class may be marked on the noun itself, but will also always be marked on other constituents in the noun phrase or in the sentence that show concord (agreement) with the noun.
	www.sil.org /linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsANounClass.htm (443 words)

	A comparative study of Bantu noun classes
		Since the noun classes indicate also grammatical number, the plural form of a noun is normally classified in a different noun class than the singular form.
		A noun class labelled 7 in one Bantu language is thus etymologically related to noun classes labelled 7 in other Bantu languages, irrespective of their phonological forms.
		Thus in some languages we find noun class prefixes on nouns which have no counterparts in the agreement markers, which is to say that i certain contexts the noun prefix and the agreement marker do not refer to the same noun class, as in the Kiswahili phrase mafundi wabaya 'bad craftsmen'.
	www.african.gu.se /research/diss_bantu.html (0 words)

	Noun Cases in Gweydr (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Class IB is also for words that begin and end with a consonant, but these words are only monosyllabic (unless the second syllable is comprised entirely of consonants), and must contain one of three vowels: a, o, or u (either their lax or tense variants).
		Class IIIA is the class used for monosyllabic nouns which begin with a soft glottal fricative consonant (romanizationally, these are words that begin with the letter ĥ) and contain one of three vowels: a, o, or u (either their lax or tense variants).
		Class IIIB is for monosyllabic words that begin with a soft glottal fricative consonant (romanizationally, these are words that begin with the letter ĥ) and end with a consonant and contain one of three vowels: a, o, or u (either their lax or tense variants).
	dedalvs.free.fr /gweydr/ncases.html (2089 words)

	Nouns in Proto-Drem:
		Noun classes are like gender markers but used for all sorts of objects, humans included.
		One very important note about noun class usage in Proto-Drem, while in Bantu languages, noun classes are required, due to the large amount of ‘stuff drop’ in Proto-Drem, most of the time in speech, noun classes are dropped and not used.
		Proto-Drem, by using these noun classes, shows a distinct cultural organization, and scholars has suggested that these noun classes have been used for several thousand years before the advent of Proto-Drem, and even a few thousand years after Proto-Drem was considered a dead language.
	www.geocities.com /dremlangs/PDNouns-NC-Pronouns-Concords.htm (1186 words)

	Grammar_Nouns
		A collective noun is considered singular when it refers to a group as an entire unit (band, class, family, team) and plural when it refers to the individual members within the group.
		Unlike most nouns and pronouns, which change form to indicate their number, the form of many collective nouns remains unchanged regardless of reference to number, i.e., whether the collective noun refers to the entire group as a single unit (the singular sense) or, rather, emphasizes the individuals within the group (the plural sense).
		A noun clause is a subordinate clause that functions as a noun or pronoun.
	www.geocities.com /muslowords/Grammar_Nouns.html (1863 words)

	2. Noun classification in Swahili.
		Inspection of Table 1 shows that noun class cannot be determined solely from the form of the noun: the prefixes for Classes 1 and 3 (m- in both cases) are homonymous; this is also often true of Classes 9, 10, and 5, where the noun may have no prefix at all.
		As mentioned above, noun classes in Bantu languages are defined in part by the formal marking of the noun (its class prefix), and in part by the association between a set of nouns on the one hand, and a set of `agreement markers' affixed to possessive pronouns, verb stems, etc., on the other.
		The middle-of-the-road position on the semantics of the noun classes is to divide the noun classes into two subsets: a `derived' set of classes, assumed to be meaningful, to which noun stems from any class can be freely assigned with predictable effects on meaning, and an `inherent' set of classes, whose membership is largely arbitrary.
	www3.iath.virginia.edu /swahili/sect2.html (1415 words)

	noun--function of in english grammar
		A noun may be used as a subject of a sentence, as a direct object, as an indirect object, or it may be used as the object of a preposition.
		A noun that represents the name of a person or a specific place is a proper noun.
		The noun that follows an intransitive verb and completes the predicate may also be called a predicate noun or predicate nominative.
	www.iscribe.org /english/noun.html (592 words)

	NOUNS
		Nouns may be made plural, usually with the suffix -s or -es, as in books and foxes.
		Nouns show ownership with the addition of an apostrophe and, sometimes, an additional -s, as in a book's pages, twenty students' essays.
		Nouns may be countable (1 fork, 2 forks, 3 forks, etc.) or noncountable (sugar, oil).
	wwwnew.towson.edu /ows/nouns.htm (463 words)

	NOUN FORMATION - KISWAHILI GRAMMAR NOTES
		Some nouns are related to verbs and are commonly called deverbatives, implying that the verb existed first and the noun was formed from it.
		Whether or not this is a true picture of its history, it is a fact that these nouns have in their stems some of the same derivational suffixes found in verb stems.
		Nouns in which a nominal suffix replaces -a of the verb stem are in four groups, each of the four suffixes conveying its own specific meaning.
	research.yale.edu /swahili/serve_pages/grammar/noun_formation.php (0 words)

	Indo-European Lexicon: Word Class: Nouns
		A noun is a word that has grammatically functions as Subject, Direct Object, Indirect Object, or Adpositional Object (object of a preposition or postposition) in a sentence.
		A Genitive case marked the relation of a noun to another noun (the possessor 'river' in 'river's bank' or 'bank of the river'), and the Dative case marked the receiver of an action ('children' in 'Parents give children names' or 'Parents give names to children').
		As a result an entire ending might encapsulate the case, number, and gender of a noun that was typical of a particular noun class for a particular syntactic use.
	www.utexas.edu /cola/centers/lrc/iedocctr/ie-ling/nouns.html (492 words)

	Langacker: Nouns and Verbs
		First, I do not hold that all grammatical classes are strictly definable in notional terms: the claim is specifically made only for nouns, verbs, and their major subcategories (count vs. mass nouns, and the corresponding aspectual subclasses for verbs).
		Nouns for containers (jar, pot, tub, vat, box, etc.) are frequently construed with a virtual boundary in a way that permits the use of in for the configuration of 1(c) (cf.
		We have seen that the bounding which establishes a given predication as a count noun may be limited to a particular domain (or even a particular dimension in a domain), and further, that the relevant boundary must fall within the scope of predication.
	mind.ucsd.edu /syllabi/00-01/phil_lang/readings/langacker-01/rwl_nv.html (19152 words)

	Morphology: Noun Inflection
		Endings are added directly to the root of nouns called "root nouns", nouns which belong to the oldest layer of Indo-European.
		Other old noun classes, named after the vowel suffix, were formed by adding stem vowels either as the nominative (and accusative neuter) ending and before other case endings.
		The youngest Proto-Indo-European noun class was the -o-stem noun class.
	www.utexas.edu /cola/centers/lrc/iedocctr/ie-ling/infl-noun.html (163 words)

	common noun definition - Dictionary - MSN Encarta
		noun designating member of class: a noun that refers to any of a class of people or things, e.g.
		"singer" and "place," as distinct from a proper noun, e.g.
		"Lennon" or "Washington." Common nouns can be preceded by words that modify their meaning, e.g.
	encarta.msn.com /dictionary_1861688082/common_noun.html (108 words)

	Capel-le-Ferne Primary School Web Site : Class 5's Noun Rap Praised by BAFTA
		Children from Class 5 with teacher Mr Blomfield were invited to present their Noun Rap as part of the school's digital creativity work for Teacher TV, national press and visitors throughout a special day at BAFTA.
		The ‘Noun Rap’ provided a way of chanting grammar in a way that was less formal and more fun for the pupils in Class 5 to remember.
		Class 5 pupils Amber and Rebecca travelled up to BAFTA with school governor Mrs Parkes and their teacher Mr Blomfield to represent the school.
	www.capelprimary.org /fe.html?1152130759 (294 words)

	Major Morphological Categories
		Noun class is often closely linked to grammatical gender; in Indo-European languages, the two generally overlap.
		Noun class is an arbitrary set of categories and all nouns must belong to one of them.
		Nouns may be derived by simply switching their class, e.g.
	www.departments.bucknell.edu /linguistics/lectures/05lect09.html (1359 words)

	Afrikanistik online - Concord and DP Structure in Bafut
		The discussion is organised as follows: first we describe the internal structure of the DP in Bafut focusing on the distribution of the noun realtive to determiners and demonstratives in section 1, adjectives and genitive nouns in section 2.
		Notice that we cannot claim that the noun raises and adjoins to the determiner for in a structure in which the noun is modified by an adjective followed by the determiner, we would be required to left-adjoin both noun and adjective to the determiner in order to derive the correct N-Adj-Det surface word order.
		Noun movement always applies but in the case of (18c), the results of movement are invisible since the modifying noun is structurally located to the right of the head noun.
	www.afrikanistik-online.de /archiv/2006/595 (0 words)

	Exploring Language: Word Class: Nouns [English Online]
		Nouns do not always have "the" in front of them, but it is usually possible to put it in.
		Nouns can be identified by their form: that is, by the endings they can take.
		Nouns can be further classified as to whether they are countable or uncountable (or mass).
	english.unitecnology.ac.nz /resources/resources/exp_lang/nouns.html (660 words)

	Luganda Grammar
		Common nouns are those given to to a class of items or beings, without intent to distinguish specific members of the class; or those used to identify any object in general.
		Common nouns on the other hand do not need to have the initial letter capitalized unless the noun happens to be the first word in a sentence.
		It is crucial for the student of Luganda to understand the different noun classes used in the language, and their singular/plural forms.
	www.buganda.com /ggulama.htm (1450 words)

	no1: introduction to nouns
		Like English, nouns in French may be categorized as common or proper, count or mass, singular or plural.
		Count nouns identify individual entities that can be counted, like armadillos.
		A noun's gender is indicated by the article that precedes it.
	www.laits.utexas.edu /tex/gr/no1.html (452 words)

	noun - Webled.com
		[ proper noun, the common noun, the concrete noun, the abstract noun, ]...
		[ A non-countable noun (or mass noun) is a noun which does not have a ]...
		[ A countable noun (or count noun) is a noun with both a singular and a ]...
	www.webled.com /noun.htm (407 words)

	German Declension
		The formation of a noun plural may be dependent on the gender of the word, but all other words – articles, pronouns, adjectives – referring to a plural noun are not affected by its gender.
		Adjectival nouns (substantivierte Adjektive) are nouns that emerged from ellipses with omitted nouns, e.g.
		Nouns have only one kind of ending for each case; so they can either occur with their case ending (which is often void) or undeclined.
	www.lrz-muenchen.de /~hr/lang/de-decl.html (0 words)

	Home page for Mark Dingemanse — Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics
		Only in the human classes (which are the most semantically uniform) there is some evidence of overgeneralizing on the basis of semantics.
		This may be a sign of the 'petrification' of the contents of most other classes, in line with the observation that conventionalization of linguistic signs often is accompanied by demotivation (Keller 1998).
		It is probably good to note that this does not in the least render the search for a semantic basis of noun class systems irrelevant or futile.
	www.mpi.nl /Members/MarkDingemanse (0 words)

	Linguistic category formation (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The nouns are divided into classes and each noun class forms its plural in a different way.
		Participants are given completely novel singular noun forms at the end of exposure and are asked to provide the plural form for the noun.
		We then examine whether learners form the plural in a way that it consistent with its intended class, and whether their propensity to do so is affected by the consistency present in the input.
	socrates.berkeley.edu /~langlab/categories.htm (264 words)

	Iltârer Nouns
		The absolutive case is often used for a direct object, the subject of an intransitive verb, and for abstract nouns and nouns representing inanimate objects, regardless of whether they appear as subject or object.
		Concrete, collective nouns are preferred for referential use, leading to a preponderance of metaphorical expression in the language.
		There are four classes of nouns, distinguished by their ending in the simple singular.
	www.telp.com /ilt_nouns.htm (767 words)

	LINGUIST List 14.2952: Typology: Aikhenvald (2003)
		Chapter 2 covers ''noun class and gender systems,'' such as those of Romance or Bantu languages, which ''correlate--at least in part--with certain semantic characteristics (particularly in the domain of human and animate referents)'' and ''are sometimes called concordial classes'' (19).
		Significantly, she uses the terms 'noun class' and 'gender' (rather than 'classifier') throughout chapter 2, which is devoted specifically to the concordial type of class marking.
		She divides her discussion of 'noun classes' into two types of system, one which ''is used with personal, demonstrative, and other pronouns, and for verbal cross- referencing; this is called 'pronominal gender/noun class','' and one which ''is used with adjectives (and sometimes other modifiers, such as numerals); this is called 'nominal' gender/noun/class''' (68).
	linguistlist.org /issues/14/14-2952.html (2487 words)

	Pronouns: Agreement with Antecedent
		Some nouns are used to describe a class or type of person or object, such as a student meaning "all students" or a company meaning "any company" or "all companies." Nouns that make such generalizations are called generic nouns.
		When a singular generic noun is the antecedent of a pronoun, make the pronoun singular.
		However, when the members of the group named by the collective noun are considered to be acting individually, use a plural pronoun.
	college.hmco.com /english/raimes/digitalkeys/keyshtml/pronoun5.htm (417 words)

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