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	Inter-Church Coalition on Africa (Canada) - Video: "Under Siege: The Nuba of Sudan" (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Instead, they are forced to defend themselves against a regime that wants Nuba lands for their fertility and the minerals that lie beneath them, and that despises the peaceful co-existence of Nuba Muslims and Christians because it undermines the regime's project to create a uniformly Arab, Muslim state.
		Nuba women and men tell how their husbands, wives and children were murdered by government troops.
		Other Nuba narrate how the camps are places where Nuba are taken to be "Arabized", "Islamized", forced into hard labour, forced to fight on the government side against their own people, and severely beaten if they resist.
	www.web.net /~iccaf/Side/publications/nubavideo.htm (643 words)

	MAR \| Data \| Assessment for Nuba in Sudan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Nuba have been specifically targeted for ethnic cleansing by the government in an attempt to both separate them from the SPLA and to take over their lands.
		Nuba resistance was low-key in the early and mid 1980s, but by 1989, many Nuba had allied themselves with the Sudanese People’s Liberation Movement/Army, a Southern Sudanese group pushing for widespread autonomy or outright independence.
		While the SPLA is not an indigenous Nuba movement, it has garnered widespread support among the Nuba, who fight alongside Southern Sudanese not only in their home region but also in other contested areas.
	www.cidcm.umd.edu /inscr/mar/assessment.asp?groupId=62503 (982 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		In the northern part of the Nuba hills are peoples who speak languages of the Eastern Sudanic branch of the Nilo-Saharan family; they came in as refugees from elsewhere, mostly from Nubia proper.
		Nuba homesteads are rings of round red-clay rooms with conical thatched roofs, linked by walls to form courtyards, and grouped to form villages, which are usually in the hills even if the fields are down in the plains.
		Nuba men go in for wrestling, and you may have seen the well-known photograph of a gigantic champion, clad in nothing but an earring, being carried shoulder-high.
	www.universalworkshop.com /xenophil/pages/nuba.htm (1155 words)

	Nuba Mountains Sudan
		Though the Nuba were Muslim, Christian and animist, they were quite pure and simple, mixing religions and cultures well in the Nuba Mountains, resisting the brown Arab slave raiders from the outside.
		In the Nuba Mountains the farmers were squeezed by the Jellaba and the Baggara Arab tribes from their ancestral lands.
		Isaac KuKu is the deputy Governor of Nuba.
	www.lnsart.com /nuba_mountains.htm (3348 words)

	ReliefWeb » Document Preview » Facing Genocide: The Nuba of Sudan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		To the government in Khartoum, the Nuba are an anomaly: a people proud of their "Africa-ness" in the heart of Northern Sudan.
		Meanwhile, in the garrison towns, 'peace camps' and mechanised farming schemes, the government is remoulding the political and social identity of the Nuba by force: the aim is to transform them into a deracinated underclass, the loyal servants of an extremist Islamic state.
		The actions of the soldiers of Mendi garrison are characteristic of the behaviour of the Sudanese army in the Nuba Mountains.
	www.reliefweb.int /w/rwb.nsf/0/588fd1421b36f957c125650700375960?OpenDocument (2649 words)

	[No title]
		Educated Nuba have also become the target of this campaign and over a hundred of them mostly graduates have disappeared and are believed to have been killed without trial.
		The Nuba lands have been taken over by the government and it is now being sold to politically powerful merchants farmers to extend the mechanized agricultural schemes.
		There are evidences that the government armed forces are closing on the Nuba people and if this offenses are to be carried out, it could be the beginning of the end of the last of the Nuba.
	www.halcyon.com /pub/FWDP/Africa/nuba1.txt (805 words)

	Nuba languages (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		In the Nuba Mountains the two localities with the lowest proportion of Arabic speech were # 2 Krongo: Arabic 72% and # 1 Masakin: Arabic 73%.
		Map 4 shows roughly where these various language groups are to be found in the Nuba Mountains with (1) Niger-Kordofanian languages in the east, (2a) Nilo-Saharan languages in the northwestern and central areas and (2b) the Kadugli-Krongo group in the southwest.
		Linguistically the Nuba Mountains are one of the most diverse and complex regions on earth and have been characterized as the Caucasus of Africa.
	www.hf-fak.uib.no /institutter/smi/sa/tan/nuba.html (3814 words)

	Resource Access: A Major Cause of Armed Conflict in the Sudan -- The Case of the Nuba Mountains
		The Nuba peoples seem to have lived traditionally in separate communities, with the exception of the Kingdom of Tegali, which was a relatively powerful settlement; at its peak (during the 18th century) it laid many smaller communities under its tribute.
		The first approach concerns the relationship between the Nuba and the Jellaba: the only way to resolve this conflict is to stop the incursion of large-scale mechanised farming into the Nuba Mountains and retain all stolen lands to their original owners, the Nuba people.
		The Nuba have not forgotten the role of the Baggara in the slave trade, nor how arrogantly and abusively they behaved towards them, when the El-Mahdi's government armed the Baggara in 1986 and left the Nuba open to their flmail.
	srdis.ciesin.org /cases/Sudan-Paper.html (8921 words)

	BBC News \| AFRICA \| Nuba: Sudan's struggling people (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		After years of isolation, famine, siege and bombardment, the Nuba people are as proud of their self-reliance as they are accustomed to adversity.
		After decades of attempts at cultural assimilation, the Nuba joined the southern rebellion, but the war has allowed the forced removal of most of the population from their valuable rainfed pastureland - herded into "peace villages" surrounded by minefields.
		The Nuba fear that even if they survive the bombardment and blockade their rights will be compromised away in any future peace settlement.
	news.bbc.co.uk /hi/english/world/africa/newsid_964000/964022.stm (497 words)

	Adventures of Sudan: Nuba Mountains
		The Nuba Mountains has some of the greatest scenery of the Sudan, and is green and fruitful, with small, green valleys, and high mountains, and no roads.
		The fact that the Nuba had been very little touched by western influence, was something that intrigued many travellers, resulting in an influx of foreigners that resulted in a change in their culture.
		Forcing the Nuba to dress was the first step, later there has been reports of regular genocide.
	lexicorient.com /sudan/nuba.htm (262 words)

	All Nuba Conference, 2nd to 5th December 2002 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Approximately 400 representatives of the Nuba civil society from all shades of the Nuba political spectrum attended the conference.
		The topics discussed included: the root causes of the conflict in the Nuba Mountains, the IGAD peace process, the human rights violations, the land rights and natural resources, the internally displaced and their rights for voluntary return and settlement, Nuba political unity and issues related to policies such as religious freedom, women rights and education.
		The Nuba people must be given the chance to decide their own future through a clear democratic process during an interim period in which Sharia laws will be replaced by new, appropriate legislation allowing religious freedom.
	www.arkamani.org /newcush_files/hist_documents/towards_nuba-future.htm (1487 words)

	Nuba
		People living in the Nuba hills in the Kordofan region of Sudan, with a population of about 2.1 million (2002 estimate).
		The Nuba mainly live from agriculture, with millet, sesame, maize, peanuts, beans, onions, cotton and tobacco as their main produce.
		The religion of the Nuba is generally classified as belonging to the group of traditional religions.
	lexicorient.com /e.o/nuba.htm (217 words)

	NUBA MOUNTAINS: WFP STARTS FIRST MAJOR RELIEF OPERATION IN DECADES
		As a result of the conflict, the population is being forced higher and higher into the mountains to cultivate very steep and eroded lands, with little prospect of a good harvest regardless of weather conditions.
		Since May 2001, Nuba civil authorities have reported 450 hunger-related deaths — 271 of whom were children; the levels of kwashiorkor — a sign of grave malnutrition - among children admitted to hospital are historically high.
		The urgent needs of the Nuba people had already been identified during a UN mission in 1999 when a major relief intervention was recommended.
	www.wfp.org /newsroom/press_releases/2001/1114b.htm (750 words)

	SudanTribune article : Naivasha Accord Fails to Address Nuba Grievances (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The people of the Nuba Mountains have been consistently demanding the right of self-determination and self-rule during and after the interim period, which will give them the right to maintain, control and govern their ancestral land.
		What the people of the Nuba Mountains are is the control over their historical land which includes the present Nuba Mountains plus Lagowa Province, el-Heigyrat, Sunot and Jebel al-Dair which were annexed by this present Government and given to both Northern and Western Kordofan States.
		We demand that the Nuba self-rule government should have clear percentages of both wealth and power sharing stipulated clearly in the peace agreement and that a clear comprehensive economic recovery plan be in place to deal with the rehabilitation, resettlement, reconstruction and development of the devastated Nuba Mountains region.
	www.sudantribune.com /article.php3?id_article=7354 (1331 words)

	Survivors @ National Geographic Magazine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		In response the government declared all Nuba the enemy; militias surrounded the mountains, occupied the towns, and terrorized the plains, burning villages and farms, and raping, killing, and abducting civilians.
		Nuba wrestling, practiced for over 3,000 years, is one of the oldest forms of this ancient sport.
		Ancient Greek wrestling and Nuba wrestling are similar in style—the wrestlers are nude and score by takedowns (not pinning).
	magma.nationalgeographic.com /ngm/0302/feature3 (835 words)

	Raceandhistory.com - Nuba people of Sudan
		Thus, African Rights contends, "The central theme of Nuba history is the tension between political Incorporation into the state of Sudan and the maintenance of local identity," a theme that also characterizes the war in the South and elsewhere in the Sudan.
		The actual war in Nuba began in July 1985.5 After the NIF coup, a virtual cordon sanitaire was imposed on the area.
		Rape of Nuba women has been a "central component" of the government's strategy, aimed at destroying "the social fabric of Nuba society." Every woman who has been in a peace camp has either been raped or threatened with rape, even those as young as nine years of age.
	www.raceandhistory.com /historicalviews/nuba.htm (760 words)

	Erin Croom (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Upon merely seeing a photograph of two Nuba men in a German newspaper, Leni Riefenstahl was inspired to venture and immerse herself into this African culture.
		The Nuba wrestlers in the picture represent beauty in a physical and metaphorical sense to Riefenstahl, Their strength and power can be seen not merely in their athletic build, but also in their proud posture and eyes.
		The photograph of the Nuba beckoned her, accepted her as an outcast and victor, and served as her long awaited potential chance of renewal.
	bama.ua.edu /~emartin/gwf/student/essay1/croom1.htm (590 words)

	Chapter 12 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Nuba identity is, therefore, subjectively defined in contrast to the Baggara Arabs of Kordofan and Darfur regions (what the Nuba are not) and objectively determined by shared space, comparable cultural values, and similar economic activities (what the Nuba are).
		This natural adaptation to peaceful times was supported by the desire of the central government to bring the Nuba down to the accessible plains for the purpose of effective administration and control by the state, which grew weary of the stubborn resistance of the Nuba against the new regime in Khartoum.
		First, the only way to resolve the relationship between the Nuba and the Jellaba is to stop the incursion of large-scale mechanized farming into the Nuba Mountains and return all stolen lands to their original owners, the Nuba.
	www.ifaanet.org /nuba_conflict.htm (7075 words)

	The Looming Famine In The Nuba Mountains, Central Sudan
		The Nuba Mountains remain isolated and marginalized politically, economically and socially: there was no secondary school in the Nuba Mountains until the 1970s.
		The Nuba were raided for their cattle by the Baggara (who live to the west) and were under land pressure by Arabs.
		Because the Nuba Mountains are isolated from any international border or SPLA area, the government has successfully cut off most ordinary commerce to the area, so basic items such as used clothes, salt and sugar are rarelyavailable, at any price.
	www.hrw.org /campaigns/sudan98/testim/house-05.htm (616 words)

	Guardian Unlimited \| The Guardian \| Riefenstahl, the Nuba and me
		But rather than wipe away the stain of the 30s, her Nuba photographs confirmed her reputation as an unrepentant fascist, interested only in an almost inhuman physical perfection.
		But she was determined to return to Sudan to visit "her" Nuba, who were under ferocious attack by a government that wanted to impose a bleak cultural and religious conformity on them in the name of "civilisation".
		But a quarter of a million Nuba were refusing to leave rebel-controlled areas because of their love for him, and I didn't think he had the luxury of burying his head in the sand.
	www.guardian.co.uk /g2/story/0,3604,1039563,00.html (1040 words)

	Nuba Survival (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Nuba Survival's primary objective is to focus on the predicament of the Nuba people of Sudan.
		Therefore, the continued production and circulation of Nuba Vision depends upon your subscription and support and without it Nuba will have no independent voice and their predicament will not be brought to the attention of the outside world.
		Nuba Vision, the newsletter of Nuba Survival, is now the only independent source of news, analysis and opinion on the Nuba Mountains.
	www.nubasurvival.com (401 words)

	Nuba -- Encyclopædia Britannica (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		inhabitants of the Nuba hills in the Kordofan region of the central part of The Sudan.
		This region is studded with rugged granite hills that rise sharply from a wide clay plain and vary considerably in size and content.
		The Nuba peoples live on or near the hills (the plains being mainly occupied by Baqqarah Arabs); the many groups differ in physical type and culture.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9056432?tocId=9056432 (565 words)

	California Newsreel - NUBA CONVERSATIONS
		The fundamentalist Sudanese regime is pursuing its policy of forced Arabization through a systematic disruption of the Nuba family, the key agency of cultural transmission.
		At the camp, Howes is finaly able to show Kafi's Story to a Nuba audience captivated to see their former way of life preserved on video.
		It is ironic that a film designed to show Nuba life to the rest of the world has, after just ten years, become a way of showing the Nuba to themselves.
	www.newsreel.org /films/Nuba.htm (414 words)

	POLITICS-SUDAN: After 21 Years of Fighting, the Nuba Feel Betrayed
		Their homeland, the Nuba Mountains, is an isolated, arid wasteland in northern Sudan, on the border with the south, where only hardy brush, scorpions and tough nomads survive.
		But the document is also clear that the Nuba Mountains will form part of the north and its people will continue to be subject to the government and its harsh Islamic sharia law.
		Under the agreement, the Nuba, who fought alongside the SPLM/A for decades for self-determination and religious and economic freedom, will be denied the opportunity to vote for secession as the peace deal unequivocally defines them as ‘northerners'.
	www.ipsnews.net /africa/interna.asp?idnews=28176 (1003 words)

	"); NewWindow.document.write("IRINnews"); NewWindow.document.write(" (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		It was not stated during the talks that the Nuba Mountains belong to the north or the south," he said.
		Ghabbush is supported by an alliance of three political parties active in the region - the Nuba Mountains General Union, the Sudan National Party, and his own party - which have echoed his demand for Nuba Mountains to be treated as an entity separate from both the north and the south.
		In the Nuba Mountains, the war has resulted in devastating humanitarian problems, prompting the United States government in September 2001 to appoint Senator John Danforth as its peace envoy to Sudan.
	www.irinnews.org /report.asp?ReportID=29495&SelectRegion=East_Africa&SelectCountry=SUDAN (823 words)

	Nuba - Wikpedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Nuba is a collective term used for the peoples who inhabit the Nuba Mountains, in Kordofan province, Sudan, Africa.
		Although the term is used to describe them as if they were a single tribe, in fact the Nuba are quite diverse, and are made up of different ethnic and linguistic groups.
		Estimates of the number of Nuba vary widely; the Sudanese government estimated that they numbered 1.1 million in 1993.
	www.bostoncoop.net /~tpryor/wiki/index.php?title=Nuba (87 words)

	ReliefWeb » Document Preview » The Nuba Mountains Cease-Fire Agreement (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Parties agree to an internationally monitored cease-fire among all their forces in the Nuba Mountains for a renewable period of six (6) months with the broader objectives of promoting a just, peaceful and comprehensive settlement of the conflict.
		The redeployment of all combatants in the Nuba Mountains to defensive positions shall be carried out in accordance with the Calendar in Annex A of this Agreement and the schedule in Annex B, which may be amended by unanimous decision of the Joint Military Commission.
		The IMU shall be granted unrestricted access to all areas in the Nuba Mountains for the purposes of monitoring and reporting on the activities, and investigating alleged violations, of the Cease-fire Agreement.
	www.reliefweb.int /rw/rwb.nsf/AllDocsByUNID/64cc64f574926e69c1256b6c004a8146 (3415 words)

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