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Topic: Nuba Mountains

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	Nuba Mountains Sudan
		Though the Nuba were Muslim, Christian and animist, they were quite pure and simple, mixing religions and cultures well in the Nuba Mountains, resisting the brown Arab slave raiders from the outside.
		In the Nuba Mountains the farmers were squeezed by the Jellaba and the Baggara Arab tribes from their ancestral lands.
		Isaac KuKu is the deputy Governor of Nuba.
	www.lnsart.com /nuba_mountains.htm (3377 words)

	Nuba Survival
		Nuba Survival's primary objective is to focus on the predicament of the Nuba people of Sudan.
		The Nuba Mountains area is situated in the geographical centre of the Sudan and covers an area of 30,000 square miles.
		Nuba Vision, the newsletter of Nuba Survival, is now the only independent source of news, analysis and opinion on the Nuba Mountains.
	www.nubasurvival.com (832 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		In the nineteenth century the eastern Sudan was ruled by Egypt; in the first half of the twentieth century it was a joint dominion called the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan; and in 1956 it became the independent republic of Sudan, a country larger than the U.S.A. east of the Mississippi, though with a far thinner population.
		Nuba homesteads are rings of round red-clay rooms with conical thatched roofs, linked by walls to form courtyards, and grouped to form villages, which are usually in the hills even if the fields are down in the plains.
		Nuba men go in for wrestling, and you may have seen the well-known photograph of a gigantic champion, clad in nothing but an earring, being carried shoulder-high.
	www.universalworkshop.com /xenophil/pages/nuba.htm (1155 words)

	SudanTribune article : The Nuba Mountains of Sudan: Resource access, violent conflict, and identity (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		This natural adaptation to peaceful times was supported by the desire of the central government to bring the Nuba down to the accessible plains for the purpose of effective administration and control by the state, which grew weary of the stubborn resistance of the Nuba to the new regime in Khartoum.
		The Nuba are squeezed and have to choose between two options: either leave the area to work for the government as soldiers, or become workers in a mechanized farming scheme.
		First, the only way to resolve the relationship between the Nuba and the Jellaba is to stop the incursion of large-scale mechanized farming into the Nuba Mountains and return all stolen lands to their original owners, the Nuba.
	www.sudantribune.com /imprimable.php3?id_article=252 (6457 words)

	Nuba - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Nuba is a collective term used for the peoples who inhabit the Nuba Mountains, in Kordofan province, Sudan, Africa.
		Sudanese governments during the period misperceived the Nuba as a unified ally of the Sudan People's Liberation Army (SPLA), which furthered the oppressive measures against the tribes.
		In the 1986 elections, the Umma Party lost several seats to the Nuba Mountains General Union and to the Sudan National Party, due to the reduced level of support from the Nuba Mountains region.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Nuba (438 words)

	Raceandhistory.com - Nuba people of Sudan
		The Nuba Mountains are located in Southern Kordofan, covering about 30,000 square miles, about the size of Scotland at the geographical center of the Sudan.
		Thus, African Rights contends, "The central theme of Nuba history is the tension between political Incorporation into the state of Sudan and the maintenance of local identity," a theme that also characterizes the war in the South and elsewhere in the Sudan.
		The actual war in Nuba began in July 1985.5 After the NIF coup, a virtual cordon sanitaire was imposed on the area.
	www.raceandhistory.com /historicalviews/nuba.htm (760 words)

	Adventures of Sudan: Nuba Mountains
		The Nuba Mountains has some of the greatest scenery of the Sudan, and is green and fruitful, with small, green valleys, and high mountains, and no roads.
		The people of these mountains, the Nuba, has a strong culture, involving no clothes, and strong emphasis on power and fighting.
		The fact that the Nuba had been very little touched by western influence, was something that intrigued many travellers, resulting in an influx of foreigners that resulted in a change in their culture.
	lexicorient.com /sudan/nuba.htm (262 words)

	Sudan, Nuba, paper by Suleiman Rahhal 02/28/03 at Woodrow Wilson Center, Washington DC (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Although in the past the Nuba have suffered from the Arab raiding and slavery, however, during most of the early part of last century the two communities managed to resolve their disputes peacefully and they were able to live together side by side in relative peace, mutual trust and understanding.
		The conflict in the Nuba Mountains cannot be separated from the long-standing conflict in the wider Sudan.
		The people of the Nuba Mountains demand the right of self-determination to be exercised immediately after the people of the Southern Sudan had their referendum at the end of six-year transitional period and had decided to opt for an independent state.
	www.sudancare.org /nuba-rahhal-Feb03.htm (3175 words)

	History of the Nuba
		The Nuba on the Nile and the Nuba in the Mountains.
		Ghulfan is spoken in Ghulfan Kurgul and Ghulfan Morung; Kadaru in the hill communites of Kadaru, Kururu, Kafir, Kurtala, Dabatna and Kuldaji.
		The Shatt and Liguri have been in the Mountains much longer than the Lagawa, and because of the considerable linguistic distance between the Shatt and the Liguri, it is likely that their migration into the Nuba Mountains predates not only the Lagawa, but also the Nubian arrival in this area45.
	home.planet.nl /~ende0098/content/nuba/01History.htm (13122 words)

	Nuba Mountains (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The Nuba are caught on the dividing line between the warring cultures of north and south Sudan, but are fighting back against a government programme of "ethnocide" with their own reawakening identity.
		When journalists were flown in to the Nuba Mountains for an anniversary celebration in 1998 by the charismatic Nuba SPLA leader Yousif Kuwa, they were treated to an amplified concert in the remote mountain retreat courtesy of solar power.
		Don't confuse the Nuba of south-west Sudan with the Nubians, like Wardi and Hamza al-Din, who are from Nubia in the far north of the country - between Dongola and the Egyptian border at Wadi Halfa (and beyond).
	www.sudanupdate.org /REPORTS/MUSIC/MUS04.HTM (295 words)

	Nuba languages
		In the Nuba Mountains the two localities with the lowest proportion of Arabic speech were # 2 Krongo: Arabic 72% and # 1 Masakin: Arabic 73%.
		Map 4 shows roughly where these various language groups are to be found in the Nuba Mountains with (1) Niger-Kordofanian languages in the east, (2a) Nilo-Saharan languages in the northwestern and central areas and (2b) the Kadugli-Krongo group in the southwest.
		Linguistically the Nuba Mountains are one of the most diverse and complex regions on earth and have been characterized as the Caucasus of Africa.
	www.hf-fak.uib.no /institutter/smi/sa/tan/Nuba.html (3814 words)

	The Nuba
		The Nuba Mountains sear upwards from the fertile plains of South Kordofan in Central Sudan.
		The Nuba Mountains are situated in a political hotspot, right in the middle of the Arab, Islamic North and the Christian, “fl” African South.
		The Nuba have lived through very hard years and are finally able to look optimistically to the future; the influx of returnees is a sign of their hopes.
	impressions-ba.com /features.php?id_feature=10389 (1332 words)

	UNIDO - Picture Gallery Nuba Mountains Project
		The Nuba Mountains Region covers an area of about 80,000 square kilometres with a population estimated at 1.025.772 according to the UN census of 1998.
		The rural population is aware of the benefits the Nuba Hoe (a simple spring-tine cultivator that can be used for both soil preparation and weeding by changing the tines), because of an EC funded project (Nuba Mountains Rural Development Project - NMRDP, 1978).
		Nuba Mountains villagers with "Arachi" - the UNIDO Representative in Sudan, Jebamalai Vinanchiarachi
	www.unido.org /doc/41080 (1681 words)

	Minorities At Risk (MAR) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The Nuba have been specifically targeted for ethnic cleansing by the government in an attempt to both separate them from the SPLA and to take over their lands.
		Nuba resistance was low-key in the early and mid 1980s, but by 1989, many Nuba had allied themselves with the Sudanese People’s Liberation Movement/Army, a Southern Sudanese group pushing for widespread autonomy or outright independence.
		While the SPLA is not an indigenous Nuba movement, it has garnered widespread support among the Nuba, who fight alongside Southern Sudanese not only in their home region but also in other contested areas.
	www.cidcm.umd.edu /inscr/mar/data/sudnuba.htm (1236 words)

	\|\|The Cradle of Nubian Civilisation\|\|
		The Linguistic Settlement of the Nuba Mountains by Robin Thelwall
		The name Nuba today usually implies an inhabitant of the Nuba Mountains in southern Kordofan inhabited by remnants of peoples of varying language and race, the majority of whom are now negroid.
		Stevenson (1956-57) summarizes all significant research on Nuba Mountain language to that date, and is also based on his immense collection of manuscript data, largely unpublished, though summary extracts form the main basis for the relevant sections in Tucker and Bryan (1956, 1966).
	www.thenubian.net /settlement.php (2418 words)

	The Looming Famine In The Nuba Mountains, Central Sudan
		The Nuba were raided for their cattle by the Baggara (who live to the west) and were under land pressure by Arabs.
		The mountains are actually hills, but they provided protection from many raiders over the decades, as the Nuba sought to preserve their unique and tolerant culture.
		Because the Nuba Mountains are isolated from any international border or SPLA area, the government has successfully cut off most ordinary commerce to the area, so basic items such as used clothes, salt and sugar are rarelyavailable, at any price.
	www.hrw.org /campaigns/sudan98/testim/house-05.htm (616 words)

	Nuba Mountains - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Nuba Mountains are a mountain range in Kordofan, a province in central Sudan, Africa.
		The mountains cover an area roughly 40 miles wide by 90 miles long, and are 1500 to 3000 feet higher in elevation than the surrounding plain.
		The Nuba Mountains are inhabited by both indigenous Nuba people and many other ethnic groups such as Arabs (mostly Baggara), Bargu, Barnu, Fellata, the last three groups migrated from western Sudan to the region.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Nuba_Mountains (226 words)

	Ch08
		The geomorphologic features of the Nuba Mountains area itself have been formed under two influences: the block faulted structure of the basement and the repeated differential movement of earth blocks, due to the processes of tectonic activity responsible for the formation of the Umm Ruwaba graben and the East African Rift System.
		The peripheral plains surround the area from all sides and are characterized by weak denudation, as on the gardud plains north of Khor Abu Habl or the sands west of Wadi el Ghalla, and partial stabilization of materials, as on the plains to the south-west and west of the Nuba Mountains.
		The geomorphological and geological characteristics of the Nuba Mountains area-differences in Ethology, slope structure, stream patterns, and the occurrence of neotectonic movements-play an important part in the erosional processes determining the nature of the soils and their potential for supporting various kinds of vegetation, including tree species, the primary concern of this study.
	www.unu.edu /unupress/unupbooks/80504e/80504E08.htm (4046 words)

	SudanTribune article : A Language Lesson in the Nuba Mountains (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		This is particularly true in the case of the peoples of the Nuba Mountains in Southern Kordofan, where violent attacks on these communities during the 1990s caused many villages to be deserted and their inhabitants scattered or killed.
		The Nuba are most well-known in Europe as icons, flamboyant body-painters in the photographs of Leni Riefenstahl, and it is a particular irony to meet these peoples today, dressed in traditional white Sudanese robe and turban, culturally transformed in a generation.
		Second to lose their vernacular languages are the Nuba generations who are born in cities in Northern Sudan, and, as this process is proceeding so fast indeed, they could soon be uprooted unless something tangible could be done about it.
	www.sudantribune.com /article.php3?id_article=16621 (1931 words)

	sud001 Nuba Mountains receive first aid in a decade
		The supplies were delivered to the Nuba Relief, Rehabilitation and Development Organization (NRRDO), a local group that will distribute the supplies in accordance to a plan it submitted to the United Nations.
		Before arriving in the Nuba Mountains, the planes stopped in El Obeid for inspection by officials of the government of Sudan.
		The Nuba Mountains region encompasses an area the size of Liberia.
	www.afrol.com /News/sud001_nuba_aid.htm (406 words)

	All Nuba Conference, 2nd to 5th December 2002 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Approximately 400 representatives of the Nuba civil society from all shades of the Nuba political spectrum attended the conference.
		The topics discussed included: the root causes of the conflict in the Nuba Mountains, the IGAD peace process, the human rights violations, the land rights and natural resources, the internally displaced and their rights for voluntary return and settlement, Nuba political unity and issues related to policies such as religious freedom, women rights and education.
		The Nuba people must be given the chance to decide their own future through a clear democratic process during an interim period in which Sharia laws will be replaced by new, appropriate legislation allowing religious freedom.
	www.arkamani.org /newcush_files/hist_documents/towards_nuba-future.htm (1487 words)

	International Reporting Project - Fellows' Stories
		A young girl carries a bowl on her head in the rebel-held territories of the Nuba Mountains.
		A young Nuba boy in tattered clothing carries firewood in the rain in the rebel-held territories of the Nuba Mountains.
		The mountains have been isolated from the outside world for more than 10 years and commodities like clothing and salt are difficult to find.
	www.pewfellowships.org /stories/sudan/sudan_nuba.htm (153 words)

	Sudan: Nuba Mountains Letter
		We are writing to alert you to the tragic humanitarian situation of the people, and especially the women and children, of the Nuba Mountains of southwestern Sudan.
		At the same time, forced conversion to a particular kind of fundamentalist Islam (the Nuba are already heavily Islamicized), the bulldozing and blazing of Christian churches, Islamic Mosques, and schools, and the execution of "apostates" by the GOS are all indicative of a strategy of cultural genocide.
		For example, in "Facing Genocide: The Nuba of Sudan" (1996), African Rights cites more determined (though imperfect) efforts by the SPLA to curtail and punish human rights abuses by its members in the Nuba Mountains (and elsewhere), as compared to a total lack of such efforts by the GOS.
	www.africaaction.org /docs97/sud9710.nub.htm (1727 words)

	afrol News: Major relief operation to Sudan’s Nuba Mountains launched
		As a result of the conflict, the population is being forced higher and higher into the mountains to cultivate very steep and eroded lands, with little prospect of a good harvest regardless of weather conditions.
		Since May 2001, Nuba civil authorities have reported 450 hunger-related deaths - 271 of whom were children; the levels of kwashiorkor - a sign of grave malnutrition - among children admitted to hospital are historically high.
		The urgent needs of the Nuba people had already been identified during a UN mission in 1999 when a major relief intervention was recommended.
	www.afrol.com /News2001/sud011a_nuba_food.htm (804 words)

	Sudan House of Nationalities
		The First Conference of Traditional Leaders of the Nuba Mountains was held in Julud, South Kordofan between 17th-20th July 2005.
		The objectives of the conference were to give support to peaceful co-existence in the Nuba Mountains as well as the need to restore traditional structures of governance in the new constitutional dispensation in the New Sudan.
		These were: peaceful co-existence between the communities in the Nuba Mountains; the role of traditional authorities in the New Sudan; and the land question.
	www.houseofnationalities.org /TraditionalAuthority_intheNubaMountains.asp (995 words)

	Nuba Mountains Programme for Rebuilding Rural Livelihood
		The Programme for Rebuilding Rural Livelihoods seeks to contribute to the overall goal of the Nuba Mountains Programme for Advancing Conflict Transformation.
		This will support the creation of an enabling environment in which the communities the Nuba Mountains will be able to build their future upon.
		The number of direct beneficiaries is difficult to determine at this time, but the programme will seek to directly benefit between 5-10% of the Nuba Mountains population (approximately 65,000 to 130,000 people, based on population figures outlined earlier).
	www.care.org /careswork/projects/SDN102.asp (291 words)

	Committee on Conscience \| Analysis \| A Reinvigorated Commitment to the People of Sudan
		This danger is especially evident in the Nuba Mountains.
		The Nuba people have been on the frontline of the conflict for many years and consistently denied access to relief by the Government of Sudan.
		The photographs of the Nuba Mountains exhibited here in the Holocaust Museum show the rich cultures, people and landscape there that are being threatened with extinction.
	www.ushmm.org /conscience/analysis/details.php?content=2001-10-12 (2469 words)

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