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Topic: Nubian languages

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	Nubian languages - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Old Nubian is preserved in at least a hundred pages of documents, mostly of a Christian religious nature, written with a uncial variety of the Greek alphabet, extended with three Coptic letters and three unique to Old Nubian, apparently derived from Meroitic.
		Nubian is considered to be a subfamily within Eastern Sudanic, and ultimately within Nilo-Saharan.
		The other Nubian languages are found hundreds of kilometers to the southwest, in Darfur and in the Nuba Mountains of Kordofan.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Nubian_language (845 words)

	MSN Encarta - African Languages
		Languages of the Berber branch of the Afro-Asiatic family are spoken by a substantial portion of the population in Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia; by scattered groups elsewhere in North Africa; and along the southern fringes of the Sahara Desert in western Africa.
		The Nubian alphabet was derived from that of the Coptic language.
		Languages spoken farther to the south-east, including Maasai in Kenya, have long been called Nilo-Hamitic; recent investigations, however, appear to prove that these tongues have no direct relationship to languages of the Afro-Asiatic family, but are most closely related to the Nilotic languages.
	uk.encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761565449/African_Languages.html (1277 words)

	Nubia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Old Nubian was used in mostly religious texts dating from the 8th and 9th centuries AD.
		Historical comparative research into the Nubian language group has indicated that the Nile-Nubian languages must have split off from the Nubian languages still spoken in the Nuba Mountains in Kordofan, Sudan, at least 2500 years ago.
		Nubian villages can now be found north of Aswan on the west bank of the Nile and on Elephantine Island, and many Nubians live in large cities such as Cairo.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Nubia (1291 words)

	African languages. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		These languages are spoken in all parts of the continent, from the extreme south up to the territory of the Afroasiatic languages of N Africa.
		Nubian is unique among modern African languages in that it has written texts of the medieval period.
		Swahili, a Bantu tongue of the Niger-Kordofanian stock, was written before the European conquest of Africa (see Swahili language), and Vai, a language belonging to the Mande subdivision of Niger-Congo, employs an indigenous script developed in the 19th cent.
	www.bartleby.com /65/af/Africanlng.html (1428 words)

	Encyclopedia: Nubian languages
		Nobiin is a Nubian language spoken along the banks of the Nile river in southern Egypt and northern Sudan by approximately 495 000 people.
		The three proposed classifications of Sudan languages in existence are based on significantly more data than are Meinhofs and Westermann's: Greenberg (1963); Tucker and Bryan (1966), the latter of which forms the basis of this geographical area for Dalby's (1977) "referential" classifi- cation; and Bender (1976).
		Although many scholars formerly classified the Nubian languages as Hamitic or as Sudanese-Guinean, most now place the Nubian languages in the Eastern Sudanic subbranch of the Chari-Nile branch of the Nilo-Saharan language family.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Nubian-languages (959 words)

	\|\|The Cradle of Nubian Civilisation\|\|
		Thus it is often impossible, or at least very difficult, to estimate the previous distribution of Nilo- Saharan languages, particularly for the areas that at the present time are solely Arabic-speaking, or where the presence of non-Arabic speakers may be owing to recent migration.
		It is nevertheless surprising to observe how few of the N ilo-Saharan languages have either become extinct, or are on the verge of extinction, since 1920, the point from which the recorded information on the peoples and languages of the Sudan starts to achieve some sort of overall coverage (maps 8 and 9).
		The pre-Nobiin were the first Nubians to settle in the upper and lower Nubian Nile stretches, perhaps even in the latter part of the last millennium B.C. The pre-Dongolawi were a slightly later intrusion of nearby Nubians displacing the pre-Nobiin in Upper Nubia.
	www.thenubian.net /aspect.php (2947 words)

	yourDictionary.com • Endangered Language Initiative• Nubian Dictionary
		In it the writer hopes to make easily available to Anglophone enthusiasts of the Nubian language and culture Arcangelo Carradori da Pistoia's Italian-Kenzi Nubian dictionary of 1635, along with traces of the rich and appealing culture of antediluvian Nubia that one may find therein—frozen, as it were, in a state of suspended animation.
		Carradori's dictionary provides a useful linguistic bridge between the medieval language and the spoken forms of modern times, upon which latter the earlier interpreters of the medieval documents were obliged to depend.
		K.V. Zetterstéen, "The Oldest Dictionary of the Nubian Language," Le Monde Oriental, I (1907), 227-40, and "Arcangelo Carradori's Ditionario della lingua Italiana e Nubiana," V (1911), 42-79 and 137-167; VIII (1914), 203-36; IX Inge Hofmann, Das nubische Wörterverzeichnis des Arcangelo Carradori (O.F.M.) aus dem frühen 17.
	www.yourdictionary.com /elr/nubianintro.html (953 words)

	Nubian languages -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		group of languages spoken in The Sudan and southern Egypt, chiefly along the banks of the Nile River (where Nobiin and Kenzi [Kenuzi] are spoken) but also in enclaves in the Nuba Hills of central Sudan (Hill Nubian) and in Darfur (where Birked [Birgid] and Midob [Midobi] are spoken).
		These languages are spoken from southern Egypt in the north to Tanzania in the south and from Ethiopia and Eritrea in the east to Chad in the west.
		Languages placing the verb before the subject and the object, for example, tend to have prepositions and auxiliaries preceding the main verb, whereas languages placing...
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9056436 (784 words)

	Nuba languages (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The Hausa language of West Africa does have a remote relationship with Arabic, but the similarities are too faint to be of any practical value in facilitating a shift to Arabic.
		Languages such as Dilling, Nyimang, Temein and Daju have been classified as Nilo-Saharan, another vast phylum which includes the majority of Sudanese languages such as Nile Nubian, Fur, Dinka and Ingassana as well as others as far away as Songhai in Mali.
		Map 4 shows roughly where these various language groups are to be found in the Nuba Mountains with (1) Niger-Kordofanian languages in the east, (2a) Nilo-Saharan languages in the northwestern and central areas and (2b) the Kadugli-Krongo group in the southwest.
	www.hf-fak.uib.no /institutter/smi/sa/tan/nuba.html (3814 words)

	\|\|The Cradle of Nubian Civilisation\|\|
		Africa's diverse and sophisticated Nubian civilization, circa 3100 BC to AD 400, is the subject of a major exhibition, Ancient Nubia: Egypt's Rival in Africa, to open September 29, 1995.
		The Nubian languages : an annotated bibliography by Angelika Jakobi.
		Several of these Nubian pharaohs such as Shabaka, Shabataka and Taharka are identified by name in the Old Testament as they had key alliances with the Judeans and Phoenicians in their joint efforts to oppose Assyrian expansion.
	www.thenubian.net /links.php (1549 words)

	Ethnologue 14 report for language code:KGO
		The following is the entry for this language as it appeared in the 14th edition (2000).
		'Nubian' is basically an ethnic term referring to the groups who live along the Nile from around Dongola north into Egypt (speaking the 'Nile Nubian' languages, Nobiin and Kenuzi-Dongola).
		'Nubian' is also used linguistically for the group of languages related to the Nile Nubian ones, some of which (the Hill Nubian languages) are spoken in the Nuba Hills.
	www.ethnologue.com /14/show_language.asp?code=KGO (134 words)

	Realms of Acadecia - Realms ...
		Each region has a favored class; this favored class is for all peoples from that region, even nonhuman races such as elves and dwarves (in other words, the character's home region's favored class replaces his or her race's favored class).
		Bonus languages may be chosen from your home region or from your racial list of bonus languages (except humans, who may only choose from their home region's bonus languages).
		Kendu is the capitol of the nubian shiekdom.
	www.angelfire.com /sd/golemworld/acadeciaReborn/realms.html (3447 words)

	SA5: Nubian Bibliography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Over the past century fascination with the history of the Nubian languages has not abated, and there is now a cultural renaissance, especially among Nubians who lost their original homes beneath the waters of the High Dam.
		The non-Nubian 'Daier' language of this study is known elsewhere in the literature as Afitti; Roland Stevenson preferred to call it Dinik as a result of his fieldwork in the late 1970s.
		Muhammad (Mohamed) Yusuf Sid Ahmad, 'An Analysis of the Nuba Mountain Language Survey' (1979) and 'Ushari Ahmad Mahmud, 'The Phonology of a Dying Nubian Language: Birgid' (1974).
	www.hf-fak.uib.no /institutter/smi/sa/5nubian.html (1414 words)

	\|\|The Cradle of Nubian Civilisation\|\|
		Except for one single Nubian speaking Scholar(the Late Dr. Mukhtar M.Khalil of the Dept. of Archaeology- Cairo University) all others are non-Nubian and their researches and studies are based mainly on findings.
		In his book "The Nubian Language - Writing in Nubian Script..?" which is about to be published in the near future (by Nubian Publishing House-faye - Dr. Shallabi and others -Sudan) there are answers to many frequently asked questions on this Old Nubian language.
		The language is the center of Nubian identity.
	www.thenubian.net /lang.php (492 words)

	The Nubian discussion forum - A Bravenet.com Forum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		This occurs because Arabic is the dominant lamguage in all aspects of life in the Nubian community: Nubians are exposed to Arabic in schools and work places; they read Arabic newspapers and magazines, and listen to programs and TV shows broadcast in Arabic.
		The Center for Nubian Studies and Documentation has published an alphabetical system based on the Nubian Medieval way of writing: a mixture of coptic and Greek alphabet was then used in recording religious and historical events.
		Although a group of zealous Nubian scholars have adopted this system and have avowed to teach it to children, their attempts have not been as successful as they expected.
	pub40.bravenet.com /forum/3352229376/fetch/42112 (396 words)

	PanAfrLoc \| PanAfrLoc / Nubian (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The Nubian languages belong to the Nubian group of Eastern Sudanic branch of Chari Nile.
		Nubian is generally considered to be divided into Hill or Kordofan, Meidob, Kenuz, Mahas or Nobiin, and Dongolawi.
		There was a historical Nubian script that some activists are apparently attempting to revive use of.
	www.bisharat.net /wikidoc/pmwiki.php/PanAfrLoc/Nubian (355 words)

	The Nubian discussion forum - A Bravenet.com Forum
		Our language already has an alphabet, based on the greek and coptic one and i think that it is the most eligible one.
		Our children should learn the Nubian language in the Nubian alphabet before they learn Arabic since Arabic is essentially foriegn to us and we aren't Arabs to begin with.
		Again i emphasize that what is standing in our way to teach Nubian to our children as a written, read and spoken language isn't the "unfamiliar" alphabet as children have a strong ability to learn new things at an early age.
	pub40.bravenet.com /forum/3352229376/fetch/129270 (343 words)

	Nuba (Nubian) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Hill Nubian is composed of Midobi and Birked, which are not closely related.
		Documents in Old Nubian, which appears to be the ancestor of modern Central Nubian, date from the end of the 8th century to the beginning of the 14th century.
		Speakers of Nubian languages in modern times are Muslims, and the languages contain a number of Arabic borrowings.
	www.flw.com /languages/nuba.htm (243 words)

	Writing (from Nilo-Saharan languages) -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		A notable exception is Old Nubian, which was probably in use among Christian communities between the 8th and the 11th centuries.
		The Nilo-Saharan languages are presumed to be descended from a common ancestral language and, therefore, to be genetically related.
		Saharan languages are spoken mainly around Lake Chad—which is located at the conjunction of Chad, Cameroon, Nigeria, and Niger—but also in Libya and The Sudan.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-225833 (743 words)

	Web resources for Nilosaharan languages
		The language family as such is poorly substantiated, and may or may not contain several members that will eventually end up in the unclassified category.
		Dictionary of 17th century Kenzi Nubian: the oldest dictionary of an African language, with an introduction by Jay Spaulding.
		Language processes, theory and description of language change, and building on the past: lessons from Songhay (PDF).
	goto.glocalnet.net /maho/webresources/nilosaharan.html (920 words)

	Nubian language resources
		Nubian â” do not belong to the larger Afro-Asiatic language family and are unrelated to it (or, to be more precise, possibly far more remotely related).
		Because the Nubian expedition was a part of the UNESCO salvage project, the Egyptian Government granted export license for...
		Nubian Kingdoms of Kush, Napata, Meroe, and Kerma.
	www.mongabay.com /indigenous_ethnicities/languages/languages/Nubian.html (1379 words)

	Egyptian language -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		extinct language of the Nile valley that constitutes a branch of the Afro-Asiatic (formerly Hamito-Semitic) language family, along with the Semitic, Cushitic, Chadic, and Berber language groups.
		On the basis of texts in the language, scholars generally divide the history of Egyptian language into five periods: Old Egyptian (from before 3000 to c.
		The Berber languages are spoken in scattered areas throughout northern Africa from Egypt westward to the Atlantic Ocean and from the Niger River northward to the Mediterranean Sea.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9109800 (798 words)

	Nubian Language Page - Handbook of African Language Resources (ASC)(MSU) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The Nubian languages are spoken in southern Egypt and in the Sudan.
		While Voegelin and Voegelin (1970), citing Welmers, report that the five "languages" of the Nubian branch have around one million speakers, they do not suggest a specific figure for Nubian itself.
		The latter three, spoken along the Nile, are most likely candidates for language materials, according to Thelwall (personal communication, 1983).
	www.isp.msu.edu /AfrLang/Nubian_root.html (221 words)

	The Arab Overall influence in Africa, was it Good? Was it Bad - EgyptSearch Forums
		Since Nubians were matrilineal then the mixed offspring of these unions inherited the throne;thus we have the collapse of Nubian kingdoms at the hands of the bedouins.
		most nubians have always marry within their family and most nubians of southern nubia and in the nuba hills are unmixed nubians,even some in other parts of nubia as well or maybe most but barely.
		nubians lived in axum,other parst of sudan,east, west and a few in the southern part.of course in the past southern nubia was a part of southern sudan.some nubians live in uganda,kenya and other parts of the world and africa.wake up.
	www.egyptsearch.com /forums/Forum8/HTML/002081.html (10104 words)

	Sudanarchaeology
		With its own language, written first in hieroglyphs and later a unique cursive script we also find the first written African language south of the Sahara (if one we are still unable to understand!).
		The Nubian kings were converted to Christianity after 540 CE, and the influence of the Church and its institutions is apparent in many elements of medieval Nubian culture.
		The increasing political weakness of the Nubian kings saw a gradual erosion of their power during the 14th and 15th centuries and the slow disintegration of their kingdoms.
	www.spicey.demon.co.uk /Nubianpage/SUDANARC.htm (1254 words)

	Nubian languages (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Old Nubian is currently considered ancestral to modern Nobiin.
		Adams, W.Y. (1982) 'The coming of Nubian speakers to the Nile Valley', in Ehret, C. & Posnansky, M. (eds.) The Archeological and Linguistic Reconstruction of African History.
		Thelwall, Robin (1982) 'Linguistic Aspects of Greater Nubian History', in Ehret, C. & Posnansky, M. (eds.) The Archeological and Linguistic Reconstruction of African History.
	www.abitabouteverything.com /files/n/nu/nubian_languages.html (841 words)

	Nubian Translation Service - English to Nubian Translation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		You probably don't speak Nubian yourself, so there are a few questions you'll need to consider when choosing a translation company.
		Language is a living thing it develops and changes constantly.
		Only professional translators whose native language is Nubian perform our English to Nubian translation.
	www.appliedlanguage.com /languages/nubian_translation.shtml (492 words)

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