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Topic: Nuclear accident terminology

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	Nuclear and radiation accidents - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		An example of nuclear accident might be one in which a reactor core is damaged such as Three Mile Island, while an example of a radiation accident might be some event such as a radiography accident where a worker drops the source into a river.
		Radiation accidents are more common than nuclear accidents, and are often limited in scale.
		Equipment failure is one possible type of accident, recently at Białystok in Poland the electronics associated with a particle accelerator used for the treatment of cancer suffered a malfunction [4].
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Nuclear_accident (1998 words)

	World Nuclear Association
		Meanwhile, fatal accidents have occurred frequently in burst dams, coal-mine explosions and gas-pipeline fires.
		Strict national and international nuclear regulatory regimes guard the safety of nuclear workers, the public and the environment.
		Each nuclear power plant is required to give first priority to security measures and emergency-response plans to protect the public from exposure to radioactivity.
	www.world-nuclear.org /wgs/the_environment_needs_nuclear/4.htm (234 words)

	NRC: NRC Short History
		During the late 1960s designs for nuclear facilities leapfrogged from the 500 to the 800 to the 1000 electrical megawatt range even though operating experience was still limited to units in the range of 200 megawatts or less.
		By the spring of 1971, nuclear critics were expressing opposition to the licensing of several proposed reactors, and news of the semiscale experiments seemed likely to spur their efforts.
		Those and other steps it took in the wake of the accident were intended to reduce the likelihood of a major accident, and, in the event one occurred, to enhance the ability of the NRC, the utility, and the public to cope with it.
	www.nrc.gov /who-we-are/short-history.html (16472 words)

	[No title]
		Because adequate cooling was not available, the nuclear fuel overheated to the point at which the zirconium cladding (the long metal tubes which hold the nuclear fuel pellets) ruptured and the fuel pellets began to melt.
		In a worst-case accident, the melting of nuclear fuel would lead to a breach of the walls of the containment building and release massive quantities of radiation to the environment.
		But since Republican strategists judged the term "nuclear option" to be a liability, they have urged Senate Republicans to adopt the term "constitutional option." Many in the media have complied with the Senate Republicans' shift in terminology and repeated their attribution of the term "nuclear option" to the Democrats.
	www.lycos.com /info/nuclear.html (598 words)

	Computer - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The next major development in operating systems was timesharing — the idea that multiple users could use the machine "simultaneously" by keeping all of their programs in memory, executing each user's program for a short time so as to provide the illusion that each user had their own computer.
		The range of devices that operating systems had to manage also expanded; a notable one was hard disks; the idea of individual "files" and a hierarchical structure of "directories" (now often called folders) greatly simplified the use of these devices for permanent storage.
		Terminology for different professional disciplines is still somewhat fluid and new fields emerge from time to time: however, some of the major groupings are as follows:
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Computer (5023 words)

	IEER Reports: Nuclear Power Deception
		Nuclear power has been promoted in the late 1980s and early 1990s in a number of ways enabling it to regain ground lost in the wake of the 1979 partial meltdown in Unit 2 of the Three Mile Island nuclear plant in Pennsylvania.
		Public acceptance, and hence investor acceptance, of nuclear technology is dependent on demonstrable progress in safety performance, including the reduction in frequency of accident precursor events as well as a diminished controversy among experts as to the adequacy of nuclear safety technology.
		Nuclear technology is complex, and it has taken many years of analysis and experience to even recognize the existence or the possibility of some accident possibilities for the four-decade-old light water reactor.
	www.ieer.org /reports/npd7.html (8973 words)

	Serebella Contents Nuclear accident---Nuclear Age (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		French accident, from Latin accidens, -dentis, present participle of accidere to happen; ad + cadere to fall.
		Any accidental property, fact, or relation; an accidental or nonessential; as, beauty is an accident.
		This accident, as I call it, of Athens being situated some miles from the sea.
	www.serebella.com /encyclopedia/contains-317326-317329-Nuclear_accident-Nuclear_Age.html (267 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The nuclear weapon was completely destroyed in the detonation which occurred approximately 4.5 miles south of the Kirtland control tower and 0.3 miles west of the Sandia Base reservation, creating a blast crater approximately 25 feet in diameter and 12 feet deep.
		The nuclear weapons were being transported in a tactical ferry configuration, meaning that no mechanical or electrical connections had been made from the bombs to the aircraft.
		Although this accident is one of the best-known and well-documented nuclear weapons accidents, the presence of nuclear weapons onboard the Belknap and the Kennedy have never been publicly acknowledged by the Navy or Pentagon.
	www.cdi.org /Issues/NukeAccidents/accidents.htm (7185 words)

	Computer - Facts, Information, and Encyclopedia Reference article
		The next major development in operating systems was timesharing - the idea that multiple users could use the machine "simultaneously" by keeping all of their programs in memory, executing each user's program for a short time so as to provide the illusion that each user had their own computer.
		The range of devices that operating systems had to manage also expanded; a notable one was hard disks; the idea of individual "files" and a hierachical structure of "directories" (now often called folders) greatly simplified the use of these devices for permanent storage.
		(Many of the most powerful supercomputers available today are also used for nuclear weapons simulations.) The CSIR Mk I, the first Australian stored-program computer, evaluated rainfall patterns for the catchment area of the Snowy Mountains Scheme, a large hydroelectric generation project.
	www.startsurfing.com /encyclopedia/c/o/m/Computer.html (4106 words)

	British nuclear forces, 2005 \| thebulletin.org
		This official terminology implies that additional warheads are held in reserve--as is the case in the United States and Russia.
		British accidents include a few minor traffic mishaps involving vehicles transporting nuclear weapons and instances in which weapons fell a few inches with no damage to the warheads.
		The container was damaged in the accident, but the nuclear weapon was not.
	www.thebulletin.org /article_nn.php?art_ofn=nd05norris (2170 words)

	The Henry L. Stimson Center - Reducing Nuclear Dangers in South Asia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Participants also noted the importance of developing a better understanding of each other’s nuclear doctrine and terminology on nuclear issues, as well as steps to reduce the likelihood that terrorists could acquire nuclear material.
		The report includes an essay, “Nuclear Terrorism and Nuclear Accidents in South Asia” by Kishore Kuchibhotla and Matthew McKinzie, that provides the first public analysis of the consequences of a nuclear accident and an act of radiological terrorism (a “dirty bomb”) in various Indian and Pakistani cities.
		Nuclear Terrorism and Nuclear Accidents in South Asia by Kishore Kuchibhotla and Matthew McKinzie
	www.stimson.org /pubs.cfm?ID=92 (309 words)

	nuclear terminology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		In reporting on nuclear energy, include the definitions of appropriate terms, especially those related to radiation.
		In a reactor core, atoms of fuel, such as uranium, are split.
		meltdown The worst possible nuclear accident in which the reactor core overheats to such a degree that the fuel melts.
	www.stthomas.edu /jour/apstyle/nuclear_terminology.html (284 words)

	Emergency response system - factsheet (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		During and after a nuclear accident, effective communication is essential to enable authorities to take prompt measures and to provide reliable information to the public at large.
		Whether the effects of an accident are limited to the facility, or have widespread implications, the immediate response of national and international authorities is vital.
		It is widely used within the nuclear community and among the 48 Member States participating in the system to describe the magnitude of an incident.
	www.iaea.org /Publications/Factsheets/English/emergency.html (1325 words)

	NTI: Country Overviews: North Korea: Nuclear Chronology
		Nuclear Engineering International reports that, following a tip-off from the CIA, the German BND intelligence service is investigating engineering company Leybold AG for allegedly supplying five specialized industrial furnaces to North Korea for use in its suspected nuclear weapons program.
		Speaking to the House Foreign Affairs Committee, Gates claims that North Korea is already operating a nuclear facility with the apparent sole purpose of producing plutonium, and a fuel reprocessing plant capable of separating weapon-grade plutonium is nearing completion.
		And, what is more, we donât need nuclear weapons.â He also says that North Korea is willing to receive international inspectors at its nuclear facilities and all that needs to be arranged is the procedural formality of informing the IAEA.
	www.nti.org /e_research/profiles/NK/Nuclear/46_621.html (10621 words)

	The International Nuclear Event Scale
		Their descriptors and criteria are shown opposite with examples of the classification of nuclear events which have occurred in the past at nuclear installations.
		All nuclear facilities are designed so that a succession of safety layers act to prevent major on-site or off-site impact and the extent of the safety layers provided generally will be commensurate with the potential for on and off-site impact.
		The 1983 accident at the RA-2 critical assembly in Buenos Aires, Argentina, an accidental power excursion due to nonobservance of safety rules during a core modification sequence, resulted in the death of the operator, who was probably 3 or 4 metres away.
	www.nuce.boun.edu.tr /links/scale.html (2018 words)

	Definition of category:computer terminology
		5: '''Terminology''' is a discipline whose object is the systematic...
		Sometimes technical terminology is termed '''jargon''' or '''terms of art'''.
		However the terms of technical terminology are used to express a great deal of information i...
	www.wordiq.com /search/category%3Acomputer+terminology.html (386 words)

	eMedicine - CBRNE - Radiation Emergencies : Article by Jeanne S Pae, MD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Detonation of nuclear weapons or improvised nuclear devices would lead to catastrophic blast and thermal injuries in addition to far-reaching lethal radiation consequences.
		In the instance of radiation accidents, prehospital personnel should wear appropriate protective gear prior to arrival at the scene and follow the guidance of the radiation safety officer or operations commander.
		The quantity of radioactive material that a contaminated individual carries on his or her body is unlikely to present a significant radiation risk to hospital workers.
	www.emedicine.com /emerg/topic934.htm (4515 words)

	sci.military.naval FAQ, Part B - General Terminology & Definitions
		Sometimes applied to a ship that was decommissioned for overhaul, during the period between completion of the overhaul and the completion of sea trials.
		Currently applied to nuclear vessels between the time they start the stripping/scrapping process and the completion of that process.
		Hulk: Vessel is permanently inoperable due to accident, old age, lack of maintainance or intentional demilitarization.
	www.hazegray.org /faq/smn2.htm (1620 words)

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