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Topic: Nuclear bag fiber

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	Neuroscience Glossary
		A myelinated nerve fiber with conduction velocity in the range from 1 to 120 m/sec; a class of fibers divisible into alpha, beta, gamma and delta subgroups.
		Cutaneous primary afferent fibers that have cooling as an adequate stimulus and respond to cooling the skin with an increase in frequency of discharge.
		Sinking in of the eyeball, ptosis of the upper eyelid, constriction of the pupil, anhidrosis and flushing of the affected side of the face caused by paralysis of the cervical sympathetic nerves.
	www.unmc.edu /Physiology/Mann/glossary.html (7835 words)

	Why is fiber (fibre) important in your diet?
		Numerous epidemiologic (population-based) studies have found that diets low in saturated fat and cholesterol and high in fiber are associated with a reduced risk of certain cancers, diabetes, digestive disorders, and heart disease.
		Fiber also may help reduce the risk of diverticulosis, a condition in which small pouches form in the colon wall (usually from the pressure of straining during bowel movements).
		In the Finnish study, each 10 grams of fiber added to the diet decreased the risk of dying from heart disease by 17 percent; in the U.S. study, risk was decreased by 29 percent.
	www.medicalnewstoday.com /medicalnews.php?newsid=9428 (1044 words)

	AbcBodybuilding
		Nuclear bag fibers are thicker in the mid region, and the nuclei are arranged centrally or are “bagged “or clustered together.
		Afferent 1a or annulospiral fibers are sensitive to both the magnitude of stretch in a muscle (overall length), as well as the velocity of length change (the rate at which the fiber changes length).
		When the afferent fiber is stimulated to emit an action potential, it carries the information to the spinal cord through the dorsal root, and then synapses directly onto an alpha motor neuron, which causes the muscle fibers it innervates to contract.
	www.abcbodybuilding.com /psycho.php (9742 words)

	The Muscle Spindle Stretch Reflex
		Intrafusal muscle fibers are divided into nuclear bag fibers and nuclear chain fibers.
		In the nuclear bag fibers, the nuclei tend to be located in a wide, pouch-like section near the center of the muscle fiber.
		In nuclear chain muscle fibers, the nuclei are spaced fairly evenly along the length of the central nuclear compartment such that the fiber is relatively thin throughout its length.
	faculty.etsu.edu /currie/muscstretch.htm (1404 words)

	Lincolnshire Post-Polio Library [Correlation of Electrophysiology with Pathology, Pathogenesis, and Anticholinesterase ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Fiber density (FD), which reflects the number of muscle fibers innervated by the same motor neuron within the receptive volume of the SFEMG needle, was used to indicate the severity of original poliomyelitis.
		Fiber type grouping and nuclear bags were taken as evidence of remote denervation, that is, severity of remote poliomyelitis.
		As fiber type is determined by axonal influences, local reinnervating axonal sprouts after polio progressive atrophy, which years later presents in the muscle biopsy as a "nuclear bag" -- a fiber that has lost all its cytoplasm.
	www.ott.zynet.co.uk /polio/lincolnshire/library/cashman/correlation.html (4923 words)

	Myelopathies -
		In the ALS (spinothalamic), the lowermost segments (sacral, lumbar) are represented by fibers that lie closest to the outer surface of the spinal cord (laterally).
		the fibers that arose from the dorsal horn cells in the contralateral sacral spinal cord.
		The stretch activates IA afferents that respond to stretch of the nuclear bag fiber in the muscle spindle.
	www.neuroanatomy.wisc.edu /SClinic/Myelo/Myelopathy.htm (2302 words)

	How to work up a muscle biopsy
		Nuclear bag 2-fiber: they are the largest and may contain up to 50 nuclei and measures up to 50 mm in diameter.
		It is composed of collagen fibers of the tendon intermingled with the nerve endings of a myelinated fiber.
		Type 1 fiber is oxidative fiber (intensely stained), type 2A is intermediately stained (and intermediately oxidative) and type 2B is non-oxidative and lightly stained.
	moon.ouhsc.edu /kfung/JTY1/NeuroHelp/ZNEWWU10.htm (3045 words)

	[No title]
		This is one of the contractile muscle fibers found within the muscle spindle.
		It is referred to as an intrafusal muscle fiber as it is found within the fusiform-shaped muscle spindle.
		It is more specifically referred to as a "nuclear bag" intrafusal muscle fiber as its centrally located nuclear region has several nuclei arranged in a bag-like manner.
	www.uwm.edu /~tking/king7_5.htm (91 words)

	[No title]
		The Ia fiber is therefore an excitatory reflex fiber assisting with movement and posture.
		The Ia tonic fiber is the sensory fiber from the nuclear chain intrafusal muscle fibers.
		The Ia phasic fiber is the sensory fiber from the nuclear bag intrafusal musch fibers.
	www.uwm.edu /~tking/king7_11.htm (710 words)

	ICP monitors
		A single axon may supply only 3-10 muscle fibers of small muscles (eye muscles) or it may supply up to 200 fibers of large proximal muscles concerned with postural or coarse volunatry responses.
		Each bag is surrounded by spiral sensory fibers (annulospiral endings), from which originate (10-18 µm) myelinated afferent fibers (Aþ, group IA) at the level of the nuclei.
		Cortical fibers of the extrapyramidal system (COEPS) project directly to the medial reticular area of the medulla and are inhibitory to postural tonus.
	www.ucsf.edu /nreview/03.1-Physiology&Diagnostics/MuscleControl.html (973 words)

	Category:Muscular system - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Cardiac muscle is a striated muscle that makes up the heart.
		It is the only type of muscle consisting of branching fibers.
		Skeletal muscle consists of voluntary muscles attached to the frame of the skeletal system enabling bodily movement.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Category:Muscular_system (152 words)

	Characterization of Spindle Afferents in Rat Soleus Muscle Using Ramp-and-Hold and Sinusoidal Stretches -- De-Doncker ...
		are identified: the nuclear chains and the nuclear bag fibers
		Boyd IA, Gladden MH, McWilliam PN, and Ward J. Control of dynamic and static nuclear bags and nuclear chain fibers by gamma and beta axons in isolated cat muscle spindles.
		The effects of stimulation of static and dynamic fusimotor fibers on the response to stretching of the primary endings of muscle spindle.
	jn.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/89/1/442 (4466 words)

	Liquid Filter Bag Housings/Filter Media: Ecologix Environmental Systems - Air, Water & Food PurificationEcologix ...
		This “Super Bag” is the first to integrate four different textile formats, ultrasonically laminated and constructed.
		Our filter bags are ultrasonically welded; no additives, adhesives, or silicone are used in their manufacture.
		Components of the Ultrafit Welded filter bags meet the requirements of the FDA, as specified in 21 CFR 177.1520(a)(1) and (c) 1.1.
	www.ecologixsystems.com /bag_filters/media_ultrafit_700.shtml (554 words)

	Mind Modulations - Product Catalog - Biofeedback & Light/Sound Mind Machines - Wild Divine & Proteus
		They are fibers that are directly attached to either the muscle fibers (extrafusal fibers) or to the filaments of tendons.
		As shown in Figure 5, the primary endings alert the nervous system that a stretch is occurring, whereas the secondary endings indicate a fair approximation of actual amount or objective measure of stretch of the muscle (Bradley, 1981).
		When the mouth is opened wide for dental work, the spindles within the masticatory or jaw-closing muscles stretch, sending output down the afferent fibers, which synapse with the alpha motor neuron of the muscle.
	www.mindmodulations.com /resources/Study-Biomagdent.html (1925 words)

	S/MARt DB: A database on chromatin organizing S/MAR regions
		Within the past 20 years (approximately) the model of the interphase nucleus underwent radical changes from a bag of chromatin immersed in homogeneous nucleoplasm to an anchored loop domain model in which chromatin is organized into large domains or loops fastened by a nonchromatin matrix [Gasser and Laemmli, 1986; Berezney, 1991].
		The nuclear matrix is believed to correspond to the protein framework that resists extraction of nuclei with high-salt or lithium diiodosalicylate and DNA digestion [Mirkovitch et al., 1984].
		S/MARs (scaffold or matrix attached regions) are elements of the DNA that attach the chromatin fiber to the proteinaceous network of the nucleus, the nuclear matrix or scaffold.
	www.gene-regulation.com /info/smart.html (795 words)

	Cardiac Muscle and Heart
		axons arborize on individual fibers-- motor end plate
		ACh diffuses across synaptic cleft and binds to receptors on fiber plasma membrane
		Contain collagenous fibers which are continuous with rings of fibrous skeleton
	www.mc.vanderbilt.edu /histology/word/2003/cardiovascular.htm (218 words)

	broadband » News » Fiber Optic Roadmap - Uncle Sam worried about grad student project...
		Gorman could tell you how many and what type of bandwidth each building is connected to, and where, if one were so inclined, would be the easiest place to 'strike' if you were interested in crippling the system.
		If crippling the fiber backbone was a security problem, wouldn't the IP backbone providers hide their maps.
		Airports now require people to remove their shoes, every bag is checked and, God help you, if you’re flying one-way, as you’ll be pulled aside and checked by security a second time before boarding.
	www.broadbandreports.com /shownews/30168 (6219 words)

	Muscle Spindles in the Deep Muscles of the Human Neck: A Morphological and Immunocytochemical Study -- Liu et al. 51 ...
		The reactivity of the three extrafusal muscle fibers with the antibodies against different MyHC isoforms was similar to that of other ordinary type I extrafusal fibers.
		The relative proportion (%) of each fiber type displaying the different staining levels in the A, B and C regions is shown.
		These two fibers were separated from each other by the inner capsule in section E and gradually disappeared.
	www.jhc.org /cgi/content/full/51/2/175 (4042 words)

	NTI: Global Security Newswire - Friday, April 5, 2002
		There are two kinds of storage for nuclear weapons — active storage, in which warheads are kept intact, and inactive storage, in which parts of a warhead, including the nuclear pits, are cannibalized to maintain deployed warheads.
		The B61 nuclear warhead, the only one in the U.S. arsenal considered to be low-yield, is not well-suited for scoring precision hits that limit collateral damage, Murdock said.
		Moratorium on testing nuclear weapons: The United States has not ruled out further nuclear testing, and is examining reducing the time needed to prepare for a test to three months to a year, down from as long as three years (see GSN, March 22).
	www.nti.org /d_newswire/issues/newswires/2002_4_5.html (8053 words)

	Nilfisk HEPA Vacuum Cleaner - Family Vac Filter Information
		The paper bag acts as the first stage of filtration and provides a cleaner means of disposing the collected dust.
		The paper bag should be replaced as needed, thus this depends upon the frequency of vacuuming and nature of material picked up.
		HEPA filters have been used primarily in nuclear facilities and high technology cleanroom settings until their introduction in to the home allergy market.
	www.airfilterstore.com /nilfisk/filter_info.htm (345 words)

	Great Lakes illinois agriculture
		Over 1.5 million Illinoisans workers in the food and fiber industry and 75% of the state's land is developed for agriculture.
		There are likely to be some positive impacts for agriculture resulting from a warmer climate, although current evidence suggests that the negative consequences could outweigh the positive.
		As an example of this mixed bag, current projections suggest that climate change may bring moderate increases in corn yield in some northern areas but significant decreases in southern and western Illinois.
	www.ucsusa.org /greatlakes/glregionill_agr.html (504 words)

	Total Body Reactivation - SCIENCE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		The GTO is a large, fast conducting, group Ib fiber which synapses on inhibitory interneurons to inhibit the alpha motor neurons of the contracting muscle.
		The primary stretch receptors of the muscle spindle are type Ia fibers whose dendritic endings are helically wrapped around the central portions of the two types of intrafusal fibers; the capsule (nuclear bag) fiber, and the chain (nuclear chain) fiber.
		The capsule or bag fibers tend to be most responsive to muscle lengthening and the chain fibers to muscle shortening.
	www.partnersinfitness.com /science.htm (1291 words)

	NTI: Global Security Newswire
		Iraq is developing a WMD-capable, long-range missile, developing and hiding biological and nuclear weapons and using front companies to buy materials to build weapons of mass destruction, according to an Iraqi who claims to be a former intelligence agent (see GSN, Feb. 28).
		Some nuclear experts expressed skepticism about some details in the defector’s story, but they said the finger-like fl objects sound similar to spent nuclear reactor fuel rods cut into sections, Vanity Fair reported.
		Hamza, the former nuclear scientist who also defected, said returning people to sensitive jobs after torturing them is common under the Iraqi regime.
	www.nti.org /d_newswire/issues/2002/4/5/2s.html (1380 words)

	Uzbeks block Central Asia's nuclear corridor \| csmonitor.com
		Every vehicle, every bag, and every body that passes through the ornate silver-domed portal into Uzbekistan from Kazakh- stan is quietly scanned for radioactive contraband by a state-of-the-art detector paid for by the United States.
		There have been 181 cases of illicit trafficking of nuclear materials from 1993 until the end of last year, according to the UN International Atomic Energy Agency.
		The problem for Uzbekistan is transport of nuclear materials from north to south, the opposite of the path for drugs traveling from Afghanistan along the so-called "northern route" through Central Asia to Europe.
	www.csmonitor.com /2002/0807/p01s02-wosc.html (1049 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Ia (primary) and II (secondary) afferent neurons are part of the muscle spindle fiber, which senses proprioception.
		They innervate different types of intrafusal muscle fibers (Not likely to be tested: dynamic nuclear bag, static nuclear bag, and nuclear chain fibers), which is important for monitoring movement and position.
		Ia: Sensitive to the rate of changes in length (ie velocity) and length of the muscle (Not testable: Innervate dynamic nuclear bag, static nuclear bag, and nuclear chain fibers) II: Respond to constant changes in length of the muscle (Not testable: Innervate static nuclear bag and nuclear chain fibers) 8.
	cpmcnet.columbia.edu /student/ssn/neuro5.doc (1177 words)

	Number, Distribution, and Morphologic Particularities of Encapsulated Proprioceptors in Pig Extraocular Muscles -- ...
		of nuclear bag fibers and the size of their periaxial space.
		Two muscle fibers (MF) are attached outside the capsule to the GTO traversing collagen bundles.
		Three muscle fibers terminate inside the GTO in collagen bundles.
	www.iovs.org /cgi/content/full/42/13/3085 (5408 words)

	[No title]
		There are two innervation of the muscle: Alpha motoneurons- innervate extrafusal muscle fibers, (spoken about last time), which generate the force that the muscle produces Gamma motoneurons- smaller motor axons located in the ventral horn generally in the vicinity of the alpha motoneuron that goes to the same muscle.
		Although the muscle is sensitive to passive tension of the muscle fibers and increases in firing, the GTO is not sensitive to this passive tension (pull on the muscle).
		The fibers are stretch sensitive and pause during extrafusal muscle contractions by decreasing their firings.
	www.uhmc.sunysb.edu /som/students/2003/Lectures/neu29.doc (3100 words)

	BIOLOGY 107 Lecture Notes. Cell structure and function
		These are then exported out of nucleus through nuclear pores.
		Nuclear Pores have octagonal "doors" made of protein; open and close on either side depending on specific signals.
		Involved in many structures: cilia, flagella (9+2 arrangement); spindle fibers that polymerize from centrioles during mitosis/meiosis.
	www.sp.uconn.edu /~bi107vc/fa02/terry/cells.html (1850 words)

	Erbb2 regulates neuromuscular synapse formation and is essential for muscle spindle development -- Leu et al. 130 (11): ...
		Innervated myotubes did not progress towards a nuclear bag phenotype and other myotubes were not recruited as intrafusal fibers.
		fibers is impaired in the absence of Erbb2 (Andrechek et al., 2002
		Kucera, J. and Walro, J. Origin of intrafusal fibers from a subset of primary myotubes in the rat.
	dev.biologists.org /cgi/content/full/130/11/2291 (6694 words)

	The Distribution of Myosin Heavy Chain Isoforms among Rat Extraocular Muscle Fiber Types -- Rubinstein and Hoh 41 (11): ...
		Because of the isoform specificity of these antibodies, non-reactive fibers are not visualized; the location of each marked fiber is indicated, however, in each section.
		orbital fibers reacted with the antibody to the EOM-specific
		Short arrows: a fiber which is broken and does not stain with either anti-MyHC antibody or with phalloidin.
	www.iovs.org /cgi/content/full/41/11/3391 (4431 words)

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