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Topic: Nuclear bomb

	Howstuffworks "How Nuclear Bombs Work"
		Nuclear bombs involve the forces, strong and weak, that hold the nucleus of an atom together, especially atoms with unstable nuclei (see How Nuclear Radiation Works for details).
		Nuclear fusion -You can bring two smaller atoms, usually hydrogen or hydrogen isotopes (deuterium, tritium), together to form a larger one (helium or helium isotopes); this is how the sun produces energy.
		The first nuclear bombs were fission devices, and the later fusion bombs required a fission-bomb trigger.
	science.howstuffworks.com /nuclear-bomb.htm (508 words)

	Build Your Own Nuclear Bomb Effects Computer
		The Web edition of the nuclear bomb effects computer, however handy when you're online, isn't much use when operating under field conditions, in a post-Armageddon environment, or for settling thermonuclear bar bets.
		The rotating discs of the bomb computer must be printed on clear plastic with white areas of the image left clear.
		I don't have a colour printer--they don't agree with me--so this exemplar is in somewhat dingy shades of grey.
	www.fourmilab.ch /bombcalc/brico.html (1585 words)

	Nuclear Weapons (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Analysis of the radioactive fallout from this bomb revealed it to be a fission-fusion-fission weapon, a "hydrogen bomb" with an outer sheath of natural uranium to increase the yield.
		Using the energy release from the nuclear fission of uranium-235, an explosive device can be made by simply positioning two masses of U-235 so that they can be forced together quickly enough to form a critical mass and a rapid, uncontrolled fission chain reaction.
		The bomb was triggered to explode at a height of 550 meters (1800 ft), a height calculated to cause the widest area of damage.
	hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu /hbase/nucene/bomb.html (934 words)

	CNN.com - Lost nuclear bomb possibly found - Sep 13, 2004
		The hydrogen bomb was lost in the Atlantic Ocean in 1958 following a collision of a B-47 bomber and an F-86 fighter.
		The Air Force insists the bomb was being used for practice and did not contain the plutonium trigger needed for a nuclear explosion.
		The United States lost 11 nuclear bombs in accidents during the Cold War that were never recovered, according to the Brookings Institution, a Washington think tank.
	www.cnn.com /2004/US/09/13/lost.bomb (912 words)

	Documentation and Diagrams of the Atomic Bomb
		The detonating head (or heads, depending on whether a Uranium or Plutonium bomb is being used as a model) that is seated in the conventional explosive charge(s) is similar to the standard-issue blasting cap.
		In a Uranium bomb, the neutron deflector serves as a safeguard to keep an accidental supercritical mass from occurring by bouncing the stray neutrons from the `bullet' counterpart of the Uranium mass away from the greater mass below it (and vice- versa).
		The neutron flux of the bomb's payload is strong enough to short circuit the internal circuitry and cause an accidental or premature detonation.
	www.nuc.berkeley.edu /neutronics/todd/nuc.bomb.html (4355 words)

	Nuclear Terrorism
		This dirty bomb consisted of a deadly brew of dynamite and one of the highly radioactive by-products of nuclear fission —; Cesium 137.
		A radiological bomb might be surrounded by a tent enclosure several tens of feet in height and width, then filled with a special foam to contain the deadly radioactive material (such as Cesium 137) if the bomb explodes during further defusing attempts.
		For a nuclear device, a set of options for disabling the weapon are available including using explosives to wreck the bomb's wiring to prevent the triggering of the nuclear detonators.
	www.cdi.org /terrorism/nuclear.cfm (2515 words)

	Nuclear Weapon Design
		Nuclear weaponry has advanced considerably since 1945, as can be seen at an unclassified level by comparing the size and weight of “Fat Man” with the far smaller, lighter, and more powerful weapons carried by modern ballistic missiles.
		The minimum mass of fissile material that can sustain a nuclear chain reaction is called a critical mass and depends on the density, shape, and type of fissile material, as well as the effectiveness of any surrounding material (called a reflector or tamper) at reflecting neutrons back into the fissioning mass.
		Nuclear weapons are particularly destructive, with immediate effects including blast and thermal radiation and delayed effects produced by ionizing radiation, neutrons, and radioactive fallout.
	www.fas.org /nuke/intro/nuke/design.htm (3646 words)

	How to Get a Nuclear Bomb
		Hiroshima was destroyed in a flash by a bomb dropped from a propeller-driven B-29 of the U.S. Army Air Force, on the warm morning of Monday, August 6, 1945.
		The bomb was not chemical, as bombs until then had been, but rather atomic, designed to release the energies Einstein described.
		The Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty, or NPT, was an effort to preserve the exclusivity of a weapons club whose membership consisted originally of only five: Britain, China, France, the Soviet Union, and the United States.
	www.theatlantic.com /doc/200612/langewiesche-nukes (3274 words)

	Nuclear Weapons Program - Japan
		In the fall of 1940, the Japanese army concluded that constructing an atomic bomb was indeed feasible.
		Although possession of nuclear weapons is not forbidden in the constitution, Japan, as the only nation to experience the devastation of atomic attack, early expressed its abhorrence of nuclear arms and determined never to acquire them.
		On the strength of its nuclear industry, and its stockpile of weapons-useable plutonium, Japan in some respects considers itself, and is treated by others as, as a virtual nuclear weapons state.
	fas.org /nuke/guide/japan/nuke (1581 words)

	A-Bomb WWW Museum ~ June,1995
		The total number of people who have died due to the bomb is estimated to be 200,000.
		Though the amount of energy generated by the bomb dropped to Nagasaki was significantly larger than that of the Little Boy, the damage given to the city was slighter than that given to Hiroshima due to the geographic structure of the city.
		It is estimated that approximately 70,000 people died by the end of the year because of the bombing.
	www.csi.ad.jp /ABOMB (1111 words)

	Taiwan: Nuclear profile
		Libya’s nuclear relationship with Egypt was probably precipitated by the latter’s own failure to create a nuclear infrastructure as complete and advanced as that of Israel, then emerging as the Middle East’s only nuclear state.
		Libya’s present nuclear programme consists of a 10MW research reactor at the Tajura Nuclear Research Center, built and equipped with the help of the Soviet Union in the early 1980s.
		Over the years the acquisition of nuclear technology was effectively hampered by the embargo that major nuclear suppliers placed on nuclear exports to Libya out of proliferation concerns.
	projects.sipri.se /nuclear/cnsc2lya.htm (889 words)

	Israel's Nuclear Weapons (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		As the Israeli bomb comes out of the basement, open discussion, even in Israel, is occurring on why the Israelis feel they need an arsenal not used in at least two if not three wars.
		Their nuclear ambiguity has served their purposes well but Israel is entering a different phase of visibility even as their nuclear capability is entering a new phase.
		Beres, Louis Rene, “Israel's bomb in the basement: A revisiting of `Deliberate Ambiguity' vs. `Disclosure.' ” In Karsh, Efraim, op.
	www.au.af.mil /au/awc/awcgate/cpc-pubs/farr.htm (10185 words)

	Nuclear Bomb Effects Computer
		With the winding down of the nuclear arms race and eventual end of the Cold War, interest in the actual consequences of setting off nuclear weapons waned.
		To understand the results, refer to the bomb computer instructions, which are transcribed from the sheet which accompanied the slide rule, with illustrations added to show how values are read from the various scales.
		In the real world, in late 1961, the Soviet Union exploded the most powerful nuclear weapon ever developed, a 50 megaton three stage thermonuclear device capable of 100 megatons (with vastly more fallout) were its lead tampers replaced by uranium.
	www.fourmilab.ch /bombcalc (1203 words)

	Nuclear Disarmament, Complex 2030, Reliable Replacement Warhead, New Nuclear Weapons - FCNL
		Congress has refused to provide any funding for the Bush administration' s proposal to build a new nuclear weapons facility to be located in one of six states.
		Not one of the relevant congressional committees that considered the bomb plant gave the plan one dollar to move forward.
		A weekly update of national and international events related to nuclear weapons and proliferation issues and emailed to more than 9,000 people each week.
	www.fcnl.org /nuclear (335 words)

	Nuclear bomb quotes & quotations
		Their highest hope is to see the abolition of nuclear weapons within their own lifetime.
		Nuclear war would be just a spark in the grandeur of space.
		After the bomb, nature will pick up the cards we have spilled, shuffle them, and begin her game again.
	en.thinkexist.com /quotes/with/keyword/nuclear_bomb (283 words)

	Underground Bomb Shelter. Fallout, Blast, Storm, Nuclear, Biological, Chemical protection.
		Lack of knowledge about the survivability of nuclear, biological and chemical attacks is one of the main reasons for this depressing scenario.
		Dismantled nuclear weapons in combination with displaced nuclear weapons experts from the former Soviet Union have formed a combination making nuclear weapons available to terrorists who are able to pay.
		The reduction of the nuclear arsenal of the U.S. and Russia and the threat of a massive nuclear confrontation is creating even stronger more dispersed enemies, Iran, Iraq, Syria, Libya, Algeria or North Korea.
	www.bomb-shelter.net (735 words)

	Christmas Island Bomb Tests
		Three bombs in the megaton range were successfully dropped by "Valiant" bombers and exploded at about 18,000 feet some thirty miles south of the island between 15th May and 19th June.
		With talks on the banning of further bomb explosions in the atmosphere beginning in Geneva, activity was minimal.
		We will try out new kinds of bombs and new concepts of them from balloons over Christmas Island, measuring their efficiency with high-flying "sniffer" aircraft and with sensitive instruments on the islands and on barges anchored at sea.
	www.janeresture.com /christmas_bombs (2105 words)

	Think Outside the Bomb
		The Think Outside the Bomb network is pleased to announce its third annual conference at the University of California, Santa Barbara.
		The four-day event will provide a backdrop for nuclear abolitionists, peace activists, ecologists, and other advocates of social justice and a livable planet to learn in-depth about the threat of nuclear weapons, the destruction caused by the nuclear fuel chain, and current political opportunities to move toward nuclear disarmament.
		On August 6, 1945, the bomb that we are trying to think outside of here today was used as a weapon of mass destruction for the first time in history.
	www.thinkoutsidethebomb.org (515 words)

	The American Experience \| Race for the Superbomb \| Nuclear Blast Mapper
		Obviously, if a thermonuclear bomb exploded close to your home, you'd have little hope of surviving the blast.
		But what if one exploded 5 miles away, or 20 miles away?
		Learn about a nuclear weapon's "zones of destruction" -- choose between a relatively small detonation at earth's surface, which will produce substantial fallout, and an especially destructive large detonation at high altitude.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/amex/bomb/sfeature/mapablast.html (62 words)

	Nuclear Bomb Shelter - NBC WMD - Nuclear Biological Chemical Shelters
		The SP6 is classified as tornado or storm shelter and the SP6-NBC is classified as an NBC (nuclear-biological-chemical warfare) shelter.
		The product was specifically designed and developed to protect people during and after disasters such as tornadoes, hurricanes, earthquakes, storms, forest fires, power failures, nuclear power plant accidents, nuclear/chemical terrorism, and full-scale protracted nuclear, chemical and biological war.
		The NBC Lifecell is designed to pump fresh filtered air into one room, pressurizing the room, and filtering out pollen, nuclear warfare agents, biological warfare agents, and chemical warfare agents for a 10 day period.
	www.alpinesurvival.com /nuclear_bomb_shelters.html (1399 words)

	The Hydrogen Bomb Homepage, with stuff on the Cuban missile crisis and nuclear testing and transportation
		The second one (commonly known as hydrogen bomb) consists of an atom bomb with deuterium and tritium compounds like lithium deuteride etc. Fission bomb is first triggered so that temperature in the assembly is raised to several million degrees (between 10 -100 million degrees).
		The bomb, around eight meters long and two meters wide, was too large to fit in the plane’s bomb bay; therefore, a non-essential part of the fuselage was cut away, and a special lifting mechanism attached, as was a device for fastening the bomb.
		Ninety-seven percent of the power of the 50-MT bomb derived from thermonuclear fusion; that is to say, the bomb was remarkably “clean” and released a minimum of fission by-products which would elevate background radiation in the atmosphere.
	www.bilderberg.org /hbomb.htm (11227 words)

	Amazon.com: Books: India's Nuclear Bomb: The Impact on Global Proliferation (Philip E. Lilienthal Book) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		In short, George Perkovich and India's Nuclear Bomb are to India what Richard Rhodes and The Making of the Atomic Bomb are to the United States.
		Or atleast implying that India's moral stand on nuclear issue was defeated after the May 98 tests.
		India also provides the only example of a nuclear weapons program that was openly debated in a democratic society.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0520217721?v=glance (1686 words)

	Saudis consider nuclear bomb \| Special reports \| Guardian Unlimited
		United Nations officials and nuclear arms analysts said the Saudi review reflected profound insecurities generated by the volatility in the Middle East, Riyadh's estrangement with Washington and the weakening of its reliance on the US nuclear umbrella.
		They would be the first of the world's eight or nine nuclear powers to have bought rather than built the bomb.
		Four years ago, Saudi Arabia sent a defence team to Pakistan to tour its secret nuclear facilities and to be briefed by Abdul Qader Khan, the father of Pakistan's nuclear bomb.
	www.guardian.co.uk /saudi/story/0,11599,1044402,00.html (732 words)

	The Memory Hole > The Russian Nuclear Bomb in Washington, DC
		In this snippet, he reveals that JFK told him in 1961 that the Soviet Union has a nuclear bomb in its embassy in Washington, DC.
		OK, so the Soviet Union smuggled parts for an atomic bomb in diplomatic pouches, then assembled it in their DC embassy.
		You might think that Kennedy revealing an A-bomb a few blocks from the White House would be highly newsworthy, but you'd be wrong.
	www.thememoryhole.org /soviet-dc-nuke.htm (426 words)

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