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Topic: Nuclear disarmament

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	Nuclear disarmament - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Nuclear disarmament is the proposed undeployment and dismantling of nuclear weapons particularly those the United States and the Soviet Union (later Russia) targeted on each other.
		Critics of nuclear disarmament said that it would undermine the theory of deterrence, which has apparently kept the world free of nuclear war.
		In the United States, where nuclear weapons were first created, the movement for disarmament had a few prominent proponents in the earliest days of the Cold War who argued that the creation of an international watchdog organization could be used to enforce a ban against the creation of nuclear weapons.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Nuclear_disarmament (451 words)

	Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In British politics, the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament has been at the forefront of the peace movement in the United Kingdom and claims to be Europe's largest single-issue peace campaign.
		As well as campaigning against military actions that may result in the use of nuclear, chemical or biological weapons, they are also in favour of nuclear disarmament by all countries and tighter international regulation through treaties such as the NPT.
		In the early 1980s the organisation underwent a major revival, as tensions between the superpowers rose with the deployment of American Pershing II cruise missiles in Western Europe and SS20s in the Soviet Bloc countries and the Thatcher government replacing the Polaris armed submarine fleet with Trident.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Campaign_for_Nuclear_Disarmament (659 words)

	Encyclopedia: Nuclear disarmament (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Instead of spending billions of dollars on new nuclear weapons, and threatening to use them, the money should be spent on alleviating the suffering in countries where suicide bombers are found.
		Nuclear nonproliferation, arms limitation, arms control, deterrence, international security, demilitarization...civilian and government agencies alike have wrestled with how to define and resolve issues of possession and use of nuclear weapons.
		The question of nuclear disarmament and nuclear arms control has plagued the Hague Conferences, the League of Nations, and the United Nations since the East-West ideological conflict began in 1945 with the U.S. atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Nuclear-disarmament (349 words)

	disarmament, nuclear. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Disarmament advocates have used political campaigns, mass rallies, blockades of facilities where weapons are manufactured or stored, and even attacks on nuclear weapons themselves, called “ploughshare actions.” Disarmament groups have long opposed nuclear testing, beginning with the protests leading up to the Moscow Agreement of 1963, a partial test ban.
		The West held that an international control system and on-site inspection must be developed before disarmament could proceed; the USSR stated that the Western position would result in inspection without disarmament and proposed instead an immediate ban on nuclear weapons, without inspection but with possible later, but unspecified, controls.
		The UN Disarmament Commission, expanded (1958) to include all members of the United Nations, was reduced in 1962 to 18 members.
	www.bartleby.com /65/di/disarm-nuc.html (1292 words)

	Movement in India for Nuclear Disarmament
		India, which always called for nuclear disarmament and did not wish to be a party to a discriminatory global nuclear regime, is now seen to be only demanding to join the Nuclear Weapons Club.
		The ideology of nuclearism which is currently being touted as nuclear nationalism is inseparable from the promotion of an ideology of masculinist aggressiveness.
		The use of nuclear weapons is wholly immoral and unacceptable and indefensible under all circumstances.
	www.angelfire.com /mi/MIND123 (1333 words)

	disarmament, nuclear on Encyclopedia.com
		DISARMAMENT, NUCLEAR [disarmament, nuclear] the reduction and limitation of the various nuclear weapons in the military forces of the world's nations.
		NPT disarmament obligations, nuclear-weapon convention, reducing nuclear danger among issues addressed in First Committee texts; Other drafts concern missiles, nuclear-weapon-free southern hemisphere, world court opinion on legality of nuclear-weapon use; page 2 of 2.
		Disarmament Commission begins three-week Headquarters session, with focus on nuclear disarmament, conventional arms; Under-Secretary-General for Disarmament Affairs opens session, stresses `particularly demanding' challenge of nuclear disarmament.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/d1/disarm-nuc.asp (2023 words)

	Global Beat: Facing Nuclear Dangers: An Action Plan for the 21st Century
		Nuclear tests by India and Pakistan have shown that not all countries share the view that the usefulness of nuclear weapons is declining.
		The implementation of further transparency measures on the numbers and types of nuclear weapons and on the amounts of fissile material should be encouraged in view of the favorable regional and global impact.
		The scope of verification of nuclear disarmament should be expanded to non-deployed nuclear weapons and the dismantling of nuclear weapons.
	www.nyu.edu /globalbeat/nuclear/CNS080599.html (1769 words)

	Nuclear terrorism realities - The Washington Times: World Briefings - June 28, 2004 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		A nuclear catastrophe could occur if terrorists gained access to nuclear weapons or weapons-grade materials, and if regional conflicts or instability degenerated into wars in which nuclear weapons were used, said a report by researchers at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace to a Nonproliferation Conference last week.
		Nuclear terrorism on the one hand, and regional proliferation and conflict on the other, are the two most pressing nuclear threats facing the world today, according to "Universal Compliance: A Strategy for Nuclear Security," the preliminary report by George Perkovich, Joseph Cirincione, Rose Gottemoeller, Jon Wolfsthal and Jessica Mathews.
		In a region where Israel has nuclear weapons and other Middle Eastern states have, or are suspected to have, chemical and biological weapons, a nuclear Iran would add "grave volatility to an already conflicted region," the Carnegie report said.
	www.washtimes.com /world/20040628-121252-5928r.htm (1456 words)

	Home page
		Nuclear power is not the answer to climate change.
		CND is campaigning against the US Missile Defence system, which far from being a defensive system, is a system for control, domination and offence, and which threatens to provoke nuclear proliferation.
		CND campaigns for the establishment of a British nuclear waste management policy and no more reprocessing of spent nuclear fuel, as well as the prevention of the re-use and transport of plutonium.
	www.cnduk.org (537 words)

	Nuclear Age Peace Foundation Monthly E-Newsletter, The Sunflower Newsletter No. 85, June 2004 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		At least before, there was a recognition that the NPT was obtained in 1970 through a bargain, with the Nuclear Weapons States agreeing to negotiate the elimination of their nuclear weapons in return for the non-nuclear states shunning the acquisition of nuclear weapons.
		The whole international community, nuclear and non-nuclear alike, is concerned about proliferation, but the new attempt by the Nuclear Weapon States to gloss over the discriminatory aspects of the NPT, which are now becoming permanent, has caused the patience of the members of the Non-Aligned Movement to snap.
		Claiming that nuclear power is the cleanest and safest of all energy sources, Lovelock urged his friends in the green movement to drop their “wrongheaded objection” to nuclear energy.
	www.wagingpeace.org /menu/resources/sunflower/2004/06_sunflower.htm (8111 words)

	The Promises of the 2000 NPT Review Conference
		The Conference on Disarmament is urged to agree on a programme of work which includes the immediate commencement of negotiations on such a treaty with a view to their conclusion within five years.
		Increased transparency by the nuclear-weapon States with regard to the nuclear weapons capabilities and the implementation of agreements pursuant to Article VI and as a voluntary confidence-building measure to support further progress on nuclear disarmament.
		A diminishing role for nuclear weapons in security policies to minimize the risk that these weapons ever be used and to facilitate the process of their total elimination.
	www.reachingcriticalwill.org /legal/npt/13point.html (642 words)

	AllRefer.com - disarmament, nuclear (International Affairs: Diplomacy) - Encyclopedia
		disarmament, nuclear, the reduction and limitation of the various nuclear weapons in the military forces of the world's nations.
		The atomic bombs dropped (1945) on Japan by the United States in World War II demonstrated the overwhelming destructive potential of nuclear weapons and the threat to humanity posed by the possibility of nuclear war and led to calls for controls on or elimination of such weapons.
		More articles from AllRefer Reference on disarmament, nuclear
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/D/disarm-nuc.html (189 words)

	Reagan and Nuclear Disarmament
		According to conventional wisdom, the nuclear disarmament breakthroughs of the Reagan era--the INF Treaty (which eliminated intermediate range nuclear missiles from Europe) and the START I Treaty (which reduced United States and Soviet strategic nuclear arsenals)--resulted from the Reagan administration’s nuclear buildup of the 1980s.
		The nuclear disarmament movement was delighted and claimed credit for the INF treaty, but many conservatives regarded it with fear and distaste.
		Although Reagan was more amenable to disarmament than many persons realized, he and other US officials made nuclear disarmament a top priority in response to pressure from antinuclear groups and public opinion.
	www.bostonreview.net /BR25.2/wittner.html (3198 words)

	LCNP.org - Nuclear Disarmament and Non-Proliferation
		Instead, the nuclear weapon states are maintaining thousands of nuclear weapons, many on high alert, and are continuing to design, research, test and deploy new nuclear weapons systems (see The Nuclear Bomb: A weapon in search of a target).
		India and Pakistan recently followed the example of the other nuclear weapon states by openly testing nuclear weapons through nuclear explosions and declaring their nuclear capability (India and Pakistan: A way out of the quagmire).
		Regular progress reports, by LCNP board member and disarmament expert William Epstein, on international nuclear disarmament issues, initiatives and negotiations will be posted on this website (see Nuclear Disarmament Commentary).
	www.lcnp.org /disarmament (1008 words)

	Nuclear Age Peace Foundation Monthly E-Newsletter, The Sunflower Newsletter No. 84, May 2004 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The only protection against nuclear weapons is the dramatic reduction of nuclear arsenals on the way to zero, and the placement of all nuclear weapons, weapon-grade materials and the equipment to make nuclear weapons under strict and effective international controls.
		Congress is voting on key nuclear weapons programs in the Defense Authorization and Energy and Water Appropriations bills during the first weeks of May. The Bush administration has requested the highest budget for nuclear weapons since the all-time record set under the Reagan administration during the Cold War.
		Israel is not a party to the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty and the country has maintained a policy of nuclear ambiguity, under which Israeli officials neither acknowledge nor deny the existence of their country’s nuclear weapons.
	www.wagingpeace.org /menu/resources/sunflower/2004/05_sunflower.htm (7154 words)

	Parliamentary Network for Nuclear Disarmament
		The Parliamentary Network for Nuclear Disarmament (PNND) is a global network of parliamentarians from more than 40 countries working to prevent nuclear proliferation and achieve nuclear disarmament.
		Now you can access online briefing materials for parliamentarians on nuclear weapons, how they work, their effects, who has them, who could get them, policies for their use, initiatives for their control and elimination, arenas in which parliamentarians can exert an influence and background documents.
		Disarmament and Parliaments for Global Action (New Zealand), brought parliamentarians from around the world to consider ways to strenghten the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty and support a Southern Hemisphere and Adjacent Areas Nuclear Weapon Free Zone.
	www.gsinstitute.org /pnnd (533 words)

	Kirsch Foundation Nuclear Disarmament
		The use of nuclear weapons remains the most alarming issue of our time and the single largest threat to humankind.
		The pursuit of unilateral nuclear and space supremacy by the U.S. has the potential to undermine international cooperation toward disarmament and spark a new arms race.
		In the post-Cold War era, where terrorism remains a constant threat to the U.S. and other nations, nuclear weapons and fissile material storage as well as the safety of nuclear reactors have become increasingly important.
	www.kirschfoundation.org /care/nuclear_disarmament.html (624 words)

	The Acronym Institute for Disarmament Diplomacy
		Disarmament Diplomacy, with comprehensive overview of news, events and documentation relating to disarmament negotiations and developments in proliferation.
		The Acronym Institute for Disarmament Diplomacy is grateful to the Ford Foundation and the Ploughshares Fund for their enabling support of our work and publications, including this website.
		Disarmament Documentation is a compilation of recent official documents and statements relevant to arms control, non-proliferation and disarmament.
	www.acronym.org.uk (1072 words)

	People's Daily Online -- Iran condemns US uncooperativeness on nuclear disarmament
		Iran has blasted the United States for its uncooperative stance on nuclear disarmament, calling for the strengthening of the Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT), the official IRNA news agency reported Saturday.
		Zarif further stressed that Iran is committed to the NPT and the non-proliferation regime, urging the international community to act with a concerted and firm resolve to stop the "fast pace" of nuclear proliferation.
		Iran, accused of secretly developing nuclear weapons by Washington, has rebuked the US for applying "double standards" on the issue of nuclear non-proliferation.
	english.people.com.cn /200505/28/eng20050528_187288.html (328 words)

	Nuclear Disarmament
		We have been living in a world so full of nuclear weapons, that we have forgotten there once was a world that held the absolute promise of life for our children and their children's children.
		We have become so used to this nuclear sword hanging over our heads that we have gotten over the mental depression that we felt, when we were young, and have accepted the "fact" that these machines of annihilation will, sooner or later, be used.
		Proposition One is a grassroots movement for disarmament of nuclear weapons and the conversion of the nuclear and other arms industries to provide for human and environmental needs.
	ourworld.cs.com /_ht_a/macropages (2088 words)

	Nuclear Disarmament Party - Home Page
		It is also a War against dissent, free speech, civil liberties, asylum seekers and multiculturalism.
		With Bush developing new nuclear weapons, and threatening to use them on seven countries, the threat of nuclear war is greater than it has ever been.
		The punitive, militaristic approach of the "War against Terrorism" is not working and is leading to escalating violence, and increasing numbers of suicide bombers, who are born out of poverty, repression and despair.
	www.nucleardisarmament.org (245 words)

	Demiurgus Peace International: Homepage (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The World Council of Former Foreign Ministers and the Nuclear Disarmament Forum AG are celebrating two important milestones on October 12th, 2002:
		Almost one third of the 500 tons of highly-enriched uranium defined in a contract signed between the United States of America and the Russian Federation, have been converted into fuel assemblies for the nuclear industry – more than 6 000 nuclear warheads have been disposed of in the process.
		Safe management of spent nuclear fuel as a factor of reduction of international terrorism threat.
	www.dpi-zug.org (284 words)

	Welcome to NR/DI
		Welcome to NR/DI Since the nuclear age began in 1945, millions of people of faith have been deeply worried about the nuclear weapons danger because these weapons threaten to destroy the lives of millions and even billions of God's children and threaten to cause irreparable destruction to the planet itself.
		Even when they are unused, the production and deployment of nuclear weapons cause significant environmental degradation, deplete massive amounts of human resources, and add destabilizing fear to tense political situations.
		The Nuclear Reduction/Disarmament Initiative of the Churches’ Center for Theology and Public Policy, in cooperation with other religious organizations, offers two vehicles for expressing your commitments and for your efforts to educate and organize the faith community:
	www.nrdi.org (145 words)

	Nuclear Weapons - FCNL
		We urge multilateral disarmament, supported by the conversion of military industries to the production of civilian goods and services, and the retraining of personnel toward that end.
		We also advocate that the United States take unilateral steps toward its own disarmament, believing that other nations will respond affirmatively to this example.
		The risks of disarmament are far smaller than the risks involved in the current course of weapons stockpiling and development." ~FCNL Statement of Legislative Policy
	www.fcnl.org /issues/issue.php?issue_id=2 (238 words)

	Disarmament Diplomacy
		Disarmament Diplomacy has been the Acronym Institute's in-house journal since 1997, providing critical coverage of developments in disarmament negotiations, multilateral arms control and international security for opinion-formers and policy-makers in governments and among nongovernmental organisations and civil society around the world.
		Disarmament Diplomacy was the successor journal to the fortnightly Nuclear Proliferation News, founded in 1994 by Sean Howard and published by the Farndon House Information Trust on behalf of the Acronym Consortium.
		Until it merged with the Acronym Institute in 1997, Disarmament Diplomacy was also published under the auspices of FHIT and early copies of this and NPN may be obtained from http://csf.colorado.edu/dfax.
	www.acronym.org.uk /dd (3807 words)

	CNN.com - Doves, silence for A-bomb victims - Aug 6, 2005
		He urged nuclear powers to abandon their arsenals.
		Negotiations have reached an impasse over Washington's insistence that Pyongyang should not be allowed to have any nuclear program that might be converted to making weapons.
		North Korea insists it has the right to developing nuclear power for peaceful means.
	www.cnn.com /2005/WORLD/asiapcf/08/05/japan.hiroshima (557 words)

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