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Topic: Nuclear electric rocket

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Nuclear propulsion

Nuclear reactor

Nuclear photonic rocket

Pebble bed reactor

VASIMR

Rocket engine

Nuclear thermal rocket

Gaseous fission reactor

Spacecraft propulsion

Antimatter catalyzed nuclear pulse propulsion

Ion thruster

Project Pluto

Nuclear pulse propulsion

Fusion rocket

Nuclear energy

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	Rocket - Printer-friendly - MSN Encarta
		Nuclear rockets use the heat of nuclear reactions to heat chemical propellants for combustion.
		Electrical rockets use electric and magnetic fields (regions of space affected by electrical and magnetic energy) to accelerate and expel ions and elementary particles.
		Electric rockets work well for station keeping, but the amount of thrust they produce must be greatly increased if these rockets are to be used for primary propulsion systems or for long distance voyages.
	encarta.msn.com /text_761577900___13/Rocket.html (3091 words)

	Soviet Mars Propulsion - Nuclear Electric
		The serious development of nuclear electric propulsion began after issuance of the decree of 23 June 1960, as a result of which ten design bureaux and other organisations tackled technical questions related to its development.
		First stage testing of nuclear electric propulsion began in 1962 and the original draft project N1 of that year foresaw the use of this form of propulsion in multi-module orbital base stations and interplanetary spacecraft.
		For a single-launch complex of 150 tonnes a nuclear electric propulsion unit of 5 to 10 MW with enough fuel for 1.5 years would be required.
	www.astronautix.com /articles/sovctric.htm (1356 words)

	NASA - Rocket
		Rockets 50 to 100 feet (15 to 30 meters) long serve as long-range missiles that can be used to bomb distant targets during wartime.
		In a nuclear rocket, the chamber is the area where nuclear fuel heats the propellant, producing pressure.
		Nuclear rockets use the heat energy of a nuclear reactor, a device that releases energy by splitting atoms.
	www.nasa.gov /worldbook/rocket_worldbook.html (5182 words)

	Rocket - MSN Encarta
		Rockets are used for many different applications, but they share some aspects of their flight profiles (the actions and the order of the actions that they perform during flight).
		For some applications, such as the military duty of missiles, rockets need to be protected from enemy detection and enemy attack while controllers ready them for launch.
		In the case of rockets carrying piloted spacecraft, the most important concern is the safety of the people aboard the spacecraft.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761577900_4/Rocket.html (1330 words)

	Electric Rocket Engines
		Electric rocket engines use less fuel than chemical engines and therefore hold the potential for accomplishing missions that are impossible for chemical systems.
		MPD thrusters are unique among the electric rocket engine fraternity because they are capable of producing thrusts as high as 50 pounds in an engine small enough to fix in a large shoe box.
		The interplay of this magnetic field and the electric field between the anode propellant injectors and the electron cloud created outside of the thruster causes a current (called the Hall current) to be induced to flow azimuthally around the open annulus in the thruster.
	www.waynesthisandthat.com /ep2.htm (4488 words)

	Dictionary of Technical Terms for Aerospace Use - N
		rocket vehicle, consisting (a) of a chamber or chambers in which a satellite, instruments, animals, plants, or auxiliary equipment may be carried, and (b) of an outer surface built to withstand high temperatures generated by
		rocket thrust chamber assembly in which the gases produced in the chamber are accelerated to high velocities.
		nuclear reactor is used to generate electricity which is used in an electric propulsion system or as a heat source for the working fluid.
	roland.lerc.nasa.gov /~dglover/dictionary/n.html (3654 words)

	Nuclear electric rocket - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In a nuclear electric rocket, nuclear thermal energy is changed into electrical energy that is used to power one of the electrical propulsion technologies.
		So technically the powerplant is nuclear, not the propulsion system, but the terminology is standard.
		Nuclear electric rocket • Nuclear photonic rocket • Nuclear pulse propulsion • Nuclear salt-water rocket • Nuclear thermal rocket • Radioisotope rocket • The Orion project
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Nuclear_electric_rocket (332 words)

	World Nuclear Association \| Information \| Nuclear Reactors for Space (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Nuclear fission heats a hydrogen propellant which is stored as liquid in cooled tanks.
		Compared with nuclear electric plasma systems, these have much more thrust for shorter periods and can be used for launches and landings.
		However, attention is now turning to nuclear electric systems, where nuclear reactors are a heat source for electric ion drives expelling plasma out of a nozzle to propel spacecraft already in space.
	www.world-nuclear.org /info/printable_information_papers/inf82print.htm (2335 words)

	PowerPedia:Spacecraft propulsion - PESWiki
		Rockets emitting plasma can potentially carry out reactions inside a magnetic bottle and release the plasma via a magnetic nozzle, so that no solid matter need come in contact with the plasma.
		The speed ratio of a rocket nozzle is mostly determined by its area expansion ratio—the ratio of the area of the throat to the area at the exit, but details of the gas properties are also important.
		For some missions, solar energy may be sufficient, and has very often been used, but for others nuclear energy will be necessary; engines drawing their power from a nuclear source are called nuclear electric rockets.
	peswiki.com /index.php/PowerPedia:Spacecraft_propulsion (4054 words)

	Nuclear electric - NewMars
		Nuclear Electric propulsion simply refers to an electric propulsion engine that is powered by a nuclear power source.
		A space tug is a vehicle that stays is space and is used to transport, cargo and satellites in space with minimal expenditure of propellant.
		Because electric propulsion engines are characterized by high propellant efficiency they provide a suitable vehicle to fulfill this role.
	www.newmars.com /wiki/index.php/Nuclear_electric (115 words)

	Power and Purpose in Space
		Lacking nuclear energy as a robust and diverse option, for both propelling spacecraft and powering their on-board systems and instruments, we have been forced to make extensive use of solar power for systems and instruments and to rely exclusively on chemical rockets for propulsion.
		For a nuclear-electric rocket with a specific impulse of 5000 seconds to eject mass (propellant) at a rate that is high enough to push such a big ship, you'd need a huge nuclear reactor capable of generating thousands of megawatts.
		Nuclear power is also necessary for the robotic exploration of the outer solar system.
	www.angelfire.com /stars2/projectorion/zubrin.html (2102 words)

	My Electric Rocket Engine
		MPD thrusters are the super heavyweights in the electric propulsion world and a typical one (8 inches in diameter and six long) only produces 50 pounds of thrust.
		Whereas most electric thrusters only produce a few ounces of thrust, a single MPD engine can generate over 50 pounds of thrust from and engine that's small enough to fit in a shoebox.
		Electric rocket engines are designed to work in space under vacuum conditions.
	www.waynesthisandthat.com /mpd.htm (1459 words)

	Spacecraft propulsion - Engineering - A Wikia wiki (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		All current spacecraft use chemical rocket engines (bipropellant or solid-fuel) for launch, though some (such as the Pegasus rocket and SpaceShipOne) have used air-breathing engines on their first stage.
		The speed ratio of a rocket nozzle is mostly determined by its area expansion ratio—the ratio of the area of the throat to the area at the exit.
		For some missions, solar energy may be sufficient, but for others nuclear energy will be necessary; engines drawing their power from a nuclear source are called nuclear electric rockets.
	engineering.wikia.com /wiki/Spacecraft_propulsion (3270 words)

	NuclearSpace.com - Griffin on Nuclear Power in Space
		The first thing we will need is surface nuclear power for our astronauts when they return to the moon, in a decade or so.
		That is, a nuclear upper stage is the most effective way to take humans to Mars.
		Finally, the last priority would be the nuclear electric propulsion which was linked to JIMO, and that will be useful for cargo missions to Mars -- but well after we start sending humans there.
	www.nuclearspace.com /a_griffin_nuclear_5_12_05.htm (335 words)

	ch9
		The costs of the nuclear programs were astronomical, but tied to future missions beginning with Apollo; NASA counted on obtaining generous funding for nuclear rocket research.
		Although a nuclear upper stage for the Saturn launch vehicle seemed increasingly unlikely, the feasibility of a nuclear rocket for post-Apollo missions had to be demonstrated.
		The classic study of nuclear propulsion in all its facets, both scientific and technical, was published in the open press by two British scientists, L. Shepherd and A. Cleaver, in the journal of the British Interplanetary Society (Sept.-Nov. 1948 and Jan.-March 1949).
	www.hq.nasa.gov /pao/History/SP-4306/ch9.htm (9663 words)

	Nuclear salt-water rocket - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A nuclear salt-water rocket is a type of nuclear thermal rocket designed by Robert Zubrin that would be fueled by water bearing dissolved salts of plutonium or U
		The rocket would be powered by a nuclear-thermal reaction when the water was injected into a reaction chamber.
		Spacecraft Antimatter catalyzed nuclear pulse propulsion • Bussard ramjet • Fission-fragment rocket • Fission sail • Fusion rocket • Gas core reactor rocket • Nuclear electric rocket • Nuclear photonic rocket • Nuclear pulse propulsion •
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Nuclear_salt-water_rocket (228 words)

	PRATT & WHITNEY THERMAL NUCLEAR ROCKET ENTRY: TRITON
		When used in TRITON nuclear thermal rocket, the fast-spectrum CERMET reactor provides thrust in propulsion mode by using Hydrogen which is gasified by the high temperature of the full-power reactor and the gaseous hydrogen is accelerated out through the nozzle giving you Isp values (i.e.
		An alternator is attached to the shaft of the turbo-compressor unit to generate the electrical power for the spacecraft.
		A typical nuclear rocket would have a radioactive inventory that was about at 1 part in 106 of what a standard commercial reactor would have at the end of its life.
	www.nuclearspace.com /A_PWrussview_FINX.htm (8662 words)

	Media Hype Alone Cannot Fuel The Space Program
		NASA officials have refused to officially confirm any enlargement of planned spending on the development of nuclear propulsion and have said flat-out that Pae incorrectly interpreted O'Keefe as saying that Bush would definitely announce the plan in the State of the Union speech.
		O'Keefe is a great enthusiast for such nuclear deep-space propulsion systems and has advocated them constantly since taking office, saying that NASA hoped to spend a billion dollars over the next five years to develop them.
		Indeed, these would probably not use NEP at all, but would instead use some form of "nuclear thermal propulsion" in which a large reactor would heat the propellant gas directly to thousands of degrees in order to blast it out of the rear exhaust.
	www.spacedaily.com /news/rocketscience-03a1.html (1328 words)

	Appendices - Nuclear Thermal Propulsion
		Nuclear Safe Orbit: Circular geocentric orbit with 700 km altitude designed to delay atmospheric entry and space craft nuclear reactor disintegration for several hundred years in order to reduce the danger of high-level radiation in the atmosphere.
		Nuclear Thermal Rocket: A space propulsion concept technique in which the heat from a nuclear fission reactor is used to raise the temperature of the propellant, which is then expanded through a nozzle to provide thrust.
		Solar Electric Propulsion: Ion drive; solar power; utilized in rocket systems; based on electric power, which can be derived from soar cells.
	www.fas.org /nuke/space/c09apend.htm (1060 words)

	Atomic Rocket: Engine List
		In this design cold H2 is heated in the high pressure section of the reactor, is expanded through a turbine connected to a generator, then reheated in the low pressure section of the reactor before flowing to the nozzle.
		The electricity generated by the turbine is used to break down more H2 into monatomic hydrogen, increasing the exhaust velocity.
		In the particle-bed reactor, the nuclear fuel is in the form of a particulate bed through which the working fluid is pumped.
	www.projectrho.com /rocket/rocket3c2.html (5630 words)

	Mars 1986
		The 15 MW nuclear power requirement was retained, but actual development of the 11B97 rocket stage beginning in 1971 had shown earlier specific impulse projections to be hopelessly unrealistic.
		From fore to aft the vehicle consisted of the conical nose, the Martian living compartment, the landing propulsion section, the return module, and the tail compartment with the braking engine.Provisions were carried for a stay of one week on the surface and one day in Mars orbit.
		Decree 'On course of work on nuclear rocket engines' was issued.
	www.astronautix.com /craft/mars1986.htm (952 words)

	SciForums.com - Is Prometheus a Nuclear Ramjet???
		Whether the rockets will ever be safe enough to carry astronauts is not yet clear.
		A Nuclear Ramjet Flyer for Exploration of Jovian Atmosphere.
		One interesting piece of trivia is that Arthur C Clarke's early novel "Prelude to space" had a nuclear powered ram jet for the first stage of a moon mission.
	www.sciforums.com /printthread.php?t=15948 (653 words)

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